Nyaya yakatsigirwa yeHIV inobatsira kufungidzira uye kuisa pachena ngozi
Ngozi yeHIV pakati pevadzidzisi vevakadzi (inonziwo vakadzi vanoita zvepabonde nevakadzi) yakambotaridzirwa sechidiki. Asi sezvakaitwa munguva ichangopfuura sa2014, pane zviitiko zvekutengesa zvepabonde pakati pevakadzi vaviri apo hapana imwe nzira inogona kuitika yehutachiona.
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti mukadzi-ku -kadzi kutapurirwa kwepabonde kweHIV hakugoni kuonekwa sevashoma? Kana kuti kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvinowedzera izvo zvingave zvehutachiona zvinogona kuzivisa nzira dzokudzivirira dzinofambira mberi?
Nei "Vakadzi Vanoita Zvepabonde Nevakadzi?"
Vakadzi vanoita zvepabonde nevakadzi (WSW) izwi rinoshandiswa kuronga vakadzi vanoita zvepabonde nevamwe vakadzi, zvisinei nokuti vanozvizivisa sei. Izwi iri rakasikwa muma1990 nemapidemiologist senzira yekucherechedza kuti inonyatsoziva nzira yekutapurirwa kweHIV uye kupararira kwechirwere kuburikidza nevakadzikadzikadzi zvepabonde.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, vatsvakurudzi vakanga vashoma kuburikidza nehuzivi-hunotsvakurudza, umo vakadzi vanozivikanwa sevanhurume vebonde kana vevakadzi havana kunge vachiita zvepabonde, asi avo vanoona vakarurama vanogona kuita zvepabonde nevamwe vakadzi.
Izwi rokuti WSW rinonyanya kukoshesa mararamiro panzvimbo pekutsika kana tsika dzekuzvidzivirira kwevanhu, zvichiita kuti zvive nemifananidzo yakajeka yehutachiwana hweHIV uye, zvakare, kunzwisisa zvakanakisisa zvinorehwa nehutachiwana hweHIV.
HIV HIV Infection Rates Pakati peWSW
Mukati yehutachiwana hweHIV, huwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwevanhu hwakaiswa kuhutachiona hweHIV pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) , vachiri kungofungidzirwa pakati pevanhu vane ngozi zvikuru munyika dzakawanda.
Kusiyana neizvi, HIV mukati peWSW yakaita kuti vasanyanya kunyatsocherechedza, pamwe chete nekutenda kwekuti, seboka, ivo ndevane ngozi yekutapukirwa.
Nhamba zhinji dzinotsigira kutenda ikoko. Maererano neU.S. Centers for Disease Control uye Prevention (CDC), yevakadzi 246 461 vokuAmerica vane utachiwana hweHIV muna 2004, 534 chete ndivo vakarondedzera kuita zvepabonde nevakadzi chete.
Pakati peizvi, 91% vaiva nechekumwe imwe yechipfuva chinokonzera, inowanzo injecting drug use . Chimwe chidzidzo chakafanana chakawana kuti kubva kune mamiriyoni emadzimai evanhu vanopa ropa, kwete imwe inoratidzika seHIV-inoratidzira zvepabonde nemumwe mukadzi seyo pangangodaro ngozi.
Zvizhinji zvezviitiko zvakatsvakurudzwa zvakanga zvisati zviri pakati pevakadzi vaingoita zvepabonde vakadzi chete asi pakati peavo vakatapukirwa kuburikidza nemamwe mabasa akaipisisa, sekuita zvepabonde nemurume nemukadzi. Chidzidzo che2003 chakaitwa neCDC chakaratidza kuti, pakati pevarume 3139 vakadzi vane HIV vakaongororwa, 14% yevakadzi vachena, 6% yevakadzi vatema, uye 6% yevakadzi vokuEpanland vanobvuma kuti vanoita zvepabonde nemudzimai wepabonde.
Kuwedzerwa, kuvhara kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pakati pevakadzi vane hutachiona hweHIV kwakaonekwa kuti ndiyo nzira yepamusoro yehutachiona pakati pe24% kusvika 33% yezviitiko.
Mhosva dzeHIV Kuendeswa pakati peWSW
Kusvika iye zvino, pave nemakore masere chete ekutapukirwa kweHIV pakati peWSW mune zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya zvisingawanikwe nyore nyore.
Muna 2003, mumwe mukadzi weAfrica muAmerica anonzi akawana HIV kubva kumudzimai wake musikana mushure mekuita zvepabonde zvakasimba vachishandisa zvepabonde pamwe chete. Genotypic test yakaratidza kuti maitiro ehutachiona nemukomana. Vose vakadzi vakanga vaudza kuti hukama hwavo hwakanga hwakanaka uye husina kumboita zvepabonde nemurume.
Sezvo kwakanga kusina uchapupu hwekushandisa mushonga wezvinodhaka, zvakagumiswa kuti kushandiswa kwakasimba kwepabonde dzepabonde kwakaguma nekuparidzirwa kuburikidza nemvura inoshandiswa ropa.
Nemhaka yokuti munhu ane hutachiwana hweHIV aive ane antiretroviral therapy (ART) , vakadzi vacho vakatenda kuti njodzi yekuparidzika yakanga isingambofungi uye havana kufunga kushandisa zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira zvakadai semadzimai emadzimai kana makondomu.
Muna Mbudzi 2014, nyaya yakadaro yakafanirwa neCDC umo mukadzi weTexas ane makore 46 "angave akawana" HIV kuburikidza nepabonde nemurume wake wemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, ane HIV ane HIV. Kuenzanisa kwegeneti kwakaratidza 98% yemuviri kune yehutachiona hwemumwe wake, nepo huwandu hwezvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuve zvakakonzera utachiona hwakabviswa.
Sezvakaitika kare, vakadzi vaviri vakataura kuti vaisamboshandisa zvipingamupinyi zvidziviriro munguva yepabonde uye kuti kubata kwavo zvepabonde kwaive "kwakaoma kusvika pakuita kuti ropa rive neropa." Uyezve, vashandi vacho vaiti vave vasina kurara pasina kudzivirirwa panguva yezvipembenene.
Zvisinei, kusiyana nedzimwe nyaya ya2003, munhu ane HIV akarega kubatwa neAIDS anenge makore maviri apfuura, achiratidza kuti huwandu hwehutachiona hwahwo hunoita kuti hutachiwana hweHIV huvepo. Uyezve, pakutanga kwerapi, mukadzi wacho ainge aine kurasikirwa kwakanyanya uye esophageal candidiasis , iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo imwe yenhoroondo dzeCDC dzeAIDS .
Kana uchitarisa zvinhu izvi muhutano hwavo, zvakajeka kuti kubatana kwezvinhu izvi zvakasimbisa chimwe chinhu che "chitubu chakakwana" chepachirwere, icho chakakoromora kana chakavhiringidza mucosal membranes ye genitalia kana rectum inogona kupa nyore nyore HIV.
Kudzivirira HIV mukati meWSW
Kunyange zvazvo uchapupu huripo hunoratidza kuti njodzi yekufambisa inonyanya kuderera muWSW pasina zvimwe zvinhu zvinopisa njodzi, kudzivirira zvisinei zvakadaro kunokosha. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kuvakadzi vanogona kuita zvepabonde nemudzimai weHIV-vakanaka kana vasina chokwadi nezvemakaro emumwe wavo. Zvimwe zvinokonzera ngozi zvinosanganisira:
- Kugovana zvevayipi zvepabonde
- Kurwisana, kunyanya kana kune ropa rinosangana
- Sex oral sex
Kuchengetedza ngozi shoma, kushandiswa kwemakondomu, vakadzikadzi uye madzinza emeno kunorudzirwa, zvikurukuru panguva yekuenda kumwedzi.
Uyezve, mutoro wakakura wehutachiwana hweHIV-hutachiwana hwehutachiona hweHIV, kana hutanobata kana husingateereri, hubatana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiwana. Nokudaro, kudiwa kwekutanga kwekuedzwa uye kurapwa kunofananidzwa sekukosha kwekudzivirira. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vakaroorana veSerodiscordant, mune mumwe mumwe wavo ane HIV uye mumwe wacho haana HIV. Tsvakurudzo yemazuva ano inonyatsoratidza kuti vanhu vanotapukirwa neHIV vane utachiona husingaoneki hwehutachiwana huwandu hunopfuura 96% hwekuparidzira HIV kune mumwe munhu asina kufanira, urongwa hunozivikanwa sehupuro sekudzivirira (TasP) .
Inokurudzirwawo kuti kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde kuitwe sezvo zvirwere zvakadai zvinogona kuwedzera kukuvadzwa kwemadzimai emukati.
Sources:
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "HIV / AIDS pakati pevakadzi." Atlanta, Georgia; August 2008; yakawanikwa musi waApril 2, 2014.
Kwakwa, H. uye Ghobrial, H. "Kubuda Kwemadzimai Kukadzi Kwemunhu Anonzi Immunodeficiency Virus." Clinical Infectious Diseases. Svondo 24, 2002; 36 (3): e40-e41.
Chan, S ;; Thornton, L .; Chronister, K .; et al. "Zvichida Kuenderera kwekubuda kwevakadzi kusvika kunekadzi kweHIV - Texas, 2014.V Kushungurudza uye Kufa Nhoroondo yeMavhiki neMuvhuro ( March 14, 2014; 63 (10): 209-212.
Cohen, M ;; Chen, Y ;; McCauley, M .; et al. "Kuchengetedzwa kweHIV-1 utachiona nehutano hwekare hwehutachiona hweHIV." New England Journal of Medicine. August 11, 2011; 365 (6): 493-505.