Izwi rako rakave ganda risinganzwisisiki munguva yakawanda yenyaya. Izvo zvaizivikanwa kuvapo sekutanga kwezana remakore rokutanga AD, asi basa rayo haringazotanga kunzwisiswa kusvikira zvakawanda gare gare. VaGiriki vekare vakafunga kuti yaiva "chigaro cheushingi." Munguva yeRenaissance, vakasarudza kuti yakanga isina basa. Yakanga isiripo kusvikira kuma1970 iyo basa rayo mumuviri wechirwere chekuzvidzivirira rakatanga kubuda.
Thymus Basics
Nhasi tinoziva thymus sechirwere chemuviri chemuviri. Mukati memutokisi yemuviri, masero ega ega ega ane mabasa akasiyana. T-lymphocytes, kana T-seli , ndiyo imwe yeropa rega rega. Muvanhu, thymus inhengo yaunogona kufunga se "boot camp" yevana T-lymphocytes. Iyi inzvimbo yekukura, kukura, kudzidziswa, uye kusarudzwa kweT-lymphocytes, ma-white-blood-cells mauto emusununguko, kuitira kuti vagone kukura kuti vauye uye varwisana nehutachiona uye vaparidzi vokunze.
I'T 'muT-seli inomirira thymus, asi' B 'mu B-seli inoreva marora. Zvose zvemasero ako matsvuku eropa zvinogadzirwa mumusepa wemapfupa; asi chikamu chinokosha chemasero aya anopa ropa anosimuka kubva mumapfupa emasese kusvika ku thymus, uko 'vanodzidzisa' kuva T-lymphocytes.
Zvichiitika, vanhu havasi ivo chete zvisikwa zvekuve ne-thymus-muzvokwadi, thymi yemhuru uye dzimwe nguva gwayana riri pakati pezvikamu zvakagadzirirwa mune imwe kudya inonzi sweetbreads, yakambozivikanwa muBritain.
Nzvimbo uye Kukura kweTymus
Iyo thymus inoratidzira mubhokisi repamusoro / pasi pasi mutsipa. Iyo thymus inotanga kuve yakavhiringidzika nehutachiona-gland iri munharaunda yakafanana, asi ine basa rakasiyana kwazvo. Iro thymus igomba rakanyorova, rinopenya-grey riri shure kwepfupa rako uye pakati pemapapu ako.
Vanachiremba vanoshevedza nzvimbo iyi yebhokisi seyo mediastinum , uye iri kuputika-yakazara nezvivako zvakakosha.
Muvanhu, thymus haisi nhengo iyo inowanzoonekwa kana kuonekwa kubva kunze. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumvuri unobva ku thymus unogona kuonekwa pane dzimwe nguva pa-x-rays; zvisinei, zviputi kana zviputi mumutsipa zvinonyanya kuve zvichida nekuda kwezvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sekuputika lymph nodes kana cysts. Hazviwanzoitiki, chikamu chetemmus chinowedzera mumutsipa pane zvinofanira kunge chiri-chinonzi ectopic cervical thymus.
Zvichienderana nezera rako, mikana ndeyokuti iwe unenge uine zvinyorwa zvese zve thymus, asi kakawanda, vanhu vakuru havanyatsoshanda ne thymus. Mushure memakore ekupedzisira, thymus inotanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma, kana kuti inrophy, uye inotsiviwa nemafuta. Kwete kuti uzvidye mwoyo, zvakadaro, sezvo inowanzogamuchirwa kuti thymus inobereka zvose T-seli dzaunenge uchitoda pane izvi. Kunyange zvazvo basa remusumo wako rinoratidzika richikuya kumira mumunhu mukuru uye zvisizvo zvisingawanzoitiki, T-lymphocytes inoramba ichigadzirwa mumuviri wako uye inowanikwa muhupenyu hwako hwose.
Vanhu vanogona kusiyanisa zvikuru mukukura uye maitiro e thymus yavo. Izwi rako rinenge rakakura apo isu tiri vacheche, inorema anenge 25 gramu pakuzvarwa.
Kusvika kurema kwakakura pakati pemakore gumi nemaviri nemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, anenge magiramu 35 paavhareji, thymus zvishoma nezvishoma inopera kwemakore, kubva pamakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matanhatu, pamwe nekugadziriswa kwetmusmus tissue namafuta. Ivhareji inenge magiramu 15 panguva iyo iwe une makore makumi matanhatu.
The Thymus is 'Career Counselor' yeChicheche Mishonga yeAropa
Masero eropa-ose masero uye akachena masero eropa-simuka kubva kumasero emukati anogara mukati kana kuti anobva mumapfupa emapfupa. Munguva yekukura kwevana, masero emasero kubva mumapfupa emapfupa anomhanyira kupinda mumusmusmusipo, apo thymus masero anopa nzvimbo yakarurama, ine cell cell receptors uye zviratidzo zvemakemikari, kuti avatungamirire zvakanaka.
Apo t-cell progenitors vanobva kubva pfupa remapfupa kusvika mumusmus, vanonzi thymocytes, uye zviratidzo nemhomoni kubva mu thymus, kusanganisira thymopoietin uye thymosin, inotungamirira kukura kwe thymocytes muvanhu vakuru T-seli.
Iro thymus inoita kuti idzi thymocyte dzikure kuti dzive nekodzero 'yezvigadzirwa' kana zviratidzo kune kunze kwechipinda. Panewo nzira yekusarudza uye weeding kunze. Semuenzaniso, pane imwe yenhamba dzinoverengeka dzekuongorora, anenge 95 muzana ye thymocyte anosweva kunze-chete 3 kusvika ku5 muzana ye thymocytes iripo. Vapukunyuka vanosiyanisa muzvikamu (CD8 + kana CD4 +) lymphocytes uye vanopedza anenge mazuva gumi mune imwe nzvimbo ye thymus, apo vanodzidza kutaurira musiyano pakati pe 'zviratidzo' nevanopinda kune dzimwe nyika. Mushure mekushanda uku kwakaoma, T-seli dzinogona kubva mu thymus uye dzinoita mabasa avo akasiyana muzvirwere zvemuviri.
Thymus Complications
Kuwedzerwa kunogona kuitika mune chimwe chinhu, kana kunogona kuva mugumisiro wehutano hwehutano. Dzimwe nguva munguva dzekushungurudzika kana mushure mekurapwa nemimwe mishonga yakadai semakemotherapy uye steroids, thymus inogona kuwedzera. Izwi rako rinogonawo kuwedzera muitiro unonzi lymphoid hyperplasia, kana kuti autoimmune thymitis, iyo inogona kubatanidzwa nezvirwere zvakadai se myasthenia gravis , systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, uye Graves chirwere. Zvimwe zvezvinetso izvi zvinogona kusanganiswa ne- rymph nodes dzakarema zvakare .
Kana vanachiremba vachiongororodza thymus mukufungidzira, vanoedza kusiyanisa kana chimiro chacho chiri chekuwedzera kwemasmusimusi yako maererano nehutachiona, izvo zvinotanga kutanga zvakare sematunhu ekukura kana kuwedzera vanhu. Pasi pose, zvipembenene zve thymus hazvishamisi. Inofungidzira ndeyekuti anenge 1.5 mamiriyoni anoitika kune mamiriyoni ega evanhu gore negore muU.S., kana madzimai 400 pagore.
Thymoma vs. Thymic Carcinoma: A thymoma isumbu inosangana nemasero emasero anenge akafanana nemasero evhesi yemusmusmus. Thymomas inokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye inowanzopararira kupfuura thymus. Kusiyana neizvi, masero emakumbo mumakemikari e thymic anotarisa zvakasiyana nemasero eutema, ane kukura nokukurumidza, uye anowanzopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo apo kenza inowanikwa. Thymic carcinoma yakaoma kurapa kupfuura thymoma.
Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis chirwere chinotarisana nemunhu chinokonzerwa nehutachiona husina simba mukuzvidira kana masaga emumuviri. Vanenge makumi matatu kubva muzana kusvika 65 kubva muzana yevanhu vane thymomas vanewo myasthenia gravis, uye ichi chiri kure nekure kwechirwere chinowanzozivikanwa zvikuru chinokonzerwa ne thymomas. Mu myasthenia gravis, muviri unokanganisa hunoita kuti mishonga inopinda mishonga pamasero esero, ichivhara mishonga yemakemikari inokonzera musimba kutama, zvichiita kuti musimba wakasimba utera.
Vanhu vane myasthenia gravis vanogona kuneta zvakanyanya nyore uye vanogona kuona kuoma pavanokwira matanho kana kufamba marefu marefu. Vanhu vazhinji vane thymomas vane myasthenia gravis, asi vanhu vazhinji vane myasthenia gravis havana thymomas.
Kushungurudzika kana kusakanganiswa kwechivi: Zvimwe zvinokanganisa kufanirwa kwemuviri wako zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri. DiGeorge syndrome imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anowirirana nehutano hwemagetsi, kazhinji kubviswa kwemashoko ekuberekwa kubva kune imwe chromosome, chromosome 22. Zvose zvakasiyana siyana zvehutano husina kunaka zvinogona kuitika muDiGeorge syndrome, zvisinei. Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere, zvisinei, vane zvakakwana kushandiswa kwemashoko ehutano hwekuvandudzwa kweT-seli dzakanaka. Kunyanya kusagadzikana kwe thymus kunokwanisika, asi kunoratidzika kunge kunowanikwa mune varwere vane DiGeorge syndrome.
> Sources:
> The Thymus Gland: Diagnosis uye Surgical Management yakagadzirwa naKyriakos Anastasiadis, Chandi Ratnatunga. Springer Science & Business Media, Jun 7, 2007.
> Baron RL, Lee JK, Sagel SS et-al. Computed tomography ye thymus yako. Radiology. 1982; 142 (1): 121-5.
> Popoveniuc G, Sharma M, Devdhar M et-al. Matongo 'emakuva uye thymic hyperplasia: ukama hwehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwehutano. Thyroid. 2010; 20 (9): 1015-8.