Mhando dzekenza dzinokonzera mavharesi aunofanira kuziva
Pane mavairasi anokonzera kenza here? Kana zvakadaro, mavairusii, anokonzera sei kenza, uye chii chinokonzera kanzura? Pane nzira ipi yekudzivisa izvi kuti zvirege kuitika?
Mavharesi Anowanzokonzera Kanzera
Iwe unogona kufunga nezvemavirusi akawanda sechinetso chinokonzera hutano hunowanzo , asi humwe hwehutachiona hunoita zvakawanda. Zvechokwadi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti munyika yose, zvinenge 20% zvekenza zvinokonzerwa nemavirusi.
MuUnited States, nhamba iyoyo yakaderera, asi mavairusi achiri kufunga kuti anokonzera pakati pe5 ne10% yekenza.
Zvakakosha kuona kuti ma virus akawanda haabvumi nekenza. Mukuwedzera, kunyange kana zvirwere zvinokonzera kuchinja kwemashoko kunoda kuti sero rive nekenza, dzakawanda dzemasero aya akaodzwa anodzingwa nemasimba edu ezvirwere. Apo utachiona hwehutachiona hunotungamirira kune kenza, iyo inogonawo kupukunyuka maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri, kune dzimwe nguva zvimwe zviitiko zvebasa, sekuonekwa pasi apa.
Mhandara Inokonzera Kanzera Sei?
Chirwere hachisi chinhu chinopfuura DNA kana RNA yakaputirwa mune protein coat. Chinoita kuti zvive zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvokuti hazvina zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti zviite pachavo. Vanomanikidzwa kupinda muchengeti (inogona kuva yemiti, mhuka, kana bhakitiriya) kuitira kuti ibudirire uye ikereke. Kune nzira dzakawanda iyo hutachiona hunogona kukonzera kenza.
- Mimwe mavharusi anogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kusingaperi. Kuvhiringidza kunokonzera kunokonzera kuwedzera kwemajeri ekuparadzanisa mukutora masero kutora masero akaora. Pese apo masero akaparadzanisa, kune ngozi yekugadzirisa kwechimiro inenge ichiitika. Nokudaro, kuputika kunokonzerwa nedzimwe mavirusi zvinoita kuti kuwedzere kupatsana kwemasero, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nemikana yakawanda yokuti zvikanganiso mumararamiro ehutano zvichaitika, pakupedzisira zvinotungamirira kukenza.
- Mimwe mavhamusi anogona kukanganisa zvakananga DNA mumasero anokonzera kenza.
- Mimwe mavhamusi anogona kuchinja masimba ezvirwere zvemuviri kuitira kuti asakwanise kurwisa kenza masero.
Ma Virusi Anozivikanwa Kuti Anokonzera Kanzura
Zvirwere zvekenza zvinogona kuva DNA kana RNA mavairusi. Mavirusi anozivikanwa kuti anokonzera mutsara akanyorwa pasi apa, kunyange zvichida kuti vamwe vachawanikwa mune ramangwana.
Cherechedza zvakare kuti kunewo mamwe mabhakitiriya uye zvipembenene zvakabatanidzwa nekukura kwekenza.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) neCancer
Ipapillomavirus yevanhu (HPV) chirwere chepabonde chinopararira kune vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi maviri eAmerica. Iyo ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa yehutachiona hwepabonde. Iko kune ikozvino inopfuura zana zana dzinozivikanwa maitiro eHIVV, asi inenge inenge makumi matatu pane izvi inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzera kenza.
Matambudziko eHIVV anowanzobatanidzwa nekenza inosanganisira HPV 16 uye HPV 18.
Hemukisi yeHIVV - pfuti inodzivirira neHIVV 16 neHVV 18 - inowanikwa kuvana vari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere, uye inogona kupiwa kutanga pazera remakore gumi nemana uye yakwegura semakore makumi maviri nemaviri.
Kanzira ikozvino inobatanidza neHIVV zvirwere inosanganisira:
- Chirwere chemhondi yepamusoro - Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIVV zvinotarisirwa kunenge dzose dzekenza dzemukondombera
- Chirwere cheVulvar - 69% yevana vanorarisa inokonzerwa neHIVV
- Kanzera yeAIDS - Zvikamu zvinokwana 91% zvekenza zvinokonzerwa neHIVV
- Chirwere chemaginha - 75% yevakadzi vanokonzerwa nekenza inokonzerwa neHIVV
- Kanzera yepenile - 63% yekenza yepenile yakabatana neHIVV.
- Musoro weKemusoro uye Neck - Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 72% yekenza pedyo nechekumusoro kwehuro inobatana neHIVV.
Mune dzimwe mimwe makondombera, data haisi yechokwadi.
Semuenzaniso, HPV inobatanidzwa nemukenza wemapapu , asi hazvizivikanwe kana HPV inobatsira pakubudirira kwekenza yemapapu, kana pane kudaro, kuva nekenza yemapapu inowedzera mukana wekutengesa HPV, kana kuti inongoerekana yaitika uye haina kufanana.
Ndinofara, zvinoratidzika kuti mamwe emakirini ane hutachiona hwakanaka kana achibatana neHIVV zvirwere. Semuenzaniso, maperembudzi emhapa ayo anofungidzirwa kuti anokonzerwa nekubatana kwekusvuta uye doro zvine maitiro anonyanyisa anoshayiwa kune avo vanofunga kuti vanokonzerwa neHIVV.
Hepatitis B uye Cancer
Kutapukirwa neHerpatitis B virus (HBV) inowedzera mukana wekuve nekenza yeropa .
Izvi zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinopararira zvikuru zvinopararira kuburikidza nekuparidzirwa kweropa, semheni, uye zvimwe zvirwere mumuviri kubva kune mumwe munhu kune mumwe. Nzira dzinowanzoonekwa dzekudzivirirwa dzinosanganisira zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa, amai kuenda kumucheche kutapurirwa panguva yekuberekwa, nekugoverana kwezvishandiso zvisingatauri (kazhinji zvinowanzoshandiswa kushandiswa, asi zvinogonawo kuitika panguva yekunyora mifananidzo).
Vanhu vakawanda vanorwara kubva pane chirwere chekushaya hepatitis B chakanyanya (zvinenge 70% zvine zviratidzo uye zvimwe 30% hazvina maturo), asi vamwe vanhu vanoenderera mberi kuti vave nehutachiona husingaperi nehupatitis B, kazhinji avo vanotambura nechirwere ichi achiri mudiki uye avo avo vasina zviratidzo. Chirwere chechiropa chinonyanya kuitika pakati pevaya vane chirwere chepachirwere chechipatara B chisingaperi (hepatitis B vatakuri.)
Vana vakawanda vanoberekwa kubva kuma1980 vave vachengetedzwa nehepatitis B, uye vanhu vakuru vasina kuve vachakonzerwa vanofanira kufunga kuita saizvozvo.
Hepatitis C uye Cancer
Utachiona hweHepatitis C hunowedzerawo njodzi yekuve nekenza yeropa. Kusvikira ma1980, kutapukirwa kwehepatitis C (HCV) kwaizivikanwa seasina A kwete B hepatitis. Utachiona hwekutanga hunogona kuva nezviratidzo, asi chiverengero chevanhu hachina zviratidzo. Kusiyana nehepatitis B , iyo chirwere chacho hachiwanzove chisingagumi, vanenge 80% yevanhu vane hepatitis C vanoita zvirwere zvisingaperi.
Sezvo masimba ezvirwere zvezvirwere achienderera mberi achirwisa utachiona munguva, fibrosis inokura, pakupedzisira inotungamirira ku-cirrhosis. Izvi zvisingagumi kuvhiringidza zvinogonawo kutungamirira kuchirwere cheropa.
Utachiona hunopararira kuburikidza neropa rakatapukirwa, zvakadai sekuisa ropa uye kuvhiringidzwa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka, asi vanhu vazhinji havana ngozi yakajeka yezvirwere zvechirwere. Ikozvino yakakurudzirwa kuti vanhu vakuru vakaberekerwa pakati pa1945 na1955 vaongorore chirwere chacho, pamwe nevamwe vanogona kunge vari pangozi.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) uye Kanzer
Epstein-Barr HIV ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa nekukonzera mononucleosis asi iyo inobatanidzwawo nekugadzirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana e-lymphoma . Izvi zvinosanganisira
- Posttransplant lymphoma - Pakati pe1 ne20% yevanhu vanoita lymphoma mushure mekugadzirwa kwechirongwa, uye zvinenge zvose izvi zvine chokuita neEppstein-Barr utachiona hwezvirwere.
- HIV inobatanidza lymphoma.
- Burkitt's lymphoma - MuAfrica, Burkitt's lymphoma inokonzera hafu yekenza yevana, uye 98 muzana yeiyi inobatanidzwa neAppstein-Barr. Kubatana pakati peEpstein Barr neBurkitt's lymphoma hakusi kwakasimba kune vana vane chirwere ichi muUnited States, uye inofungidzirwa kuti malaria inogona kuderedza masimba ezvirwere muAfrica vana vachibvumira utachiona kuchinja masero kuva kenza.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma - Inofungidzirwa kuti chirwere cheEpstein-Barr chinoita basa mumakumi mana kusvika ku50 muzana yezvirwere zveHodgkin muUnited States
T Epstein-Barr HIV inozivikanwawo inokonzera nasopharyngeal carcinoma uye gastric carcinoma.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) uye Kanzura
HIV nekenza zvinobatanidzwa nenzira shomanana . Sezvatinoziva kwemakore kuti zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri zvinogona kuderedza simba rekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere rinokonzerwa nekenza, zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIV zvinogona kukonzera vanhu vane chirwere chekenza. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, leukemia, uye myeloma zvose zvinobatanidzwa nehutachiona. Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinoratidzika kuti HIV inowedzera simba rekudzivirira zvirwere (semarariya) zvichibvumira kuti Epstein Barr chirwere chinokonzera kuchinjwa kunoda kuti lympohocytes ive lymphoma.
Mukuwedzera kune lymphomas, HIV inowedzera mukana weCarsioma sarcoma, kenza yemukomana, kenza yemapapu, kenza yemunhu, uye kenza yeropa.
T- Lymphotrophic Virus (HTLV-1) uye Kanzura
HTLV-1 inonzi retrovirus (yakafanana neHIV) inokonzera munhu mukuru T-cell leukemia / lymphoma.
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) uye Kanzer
HHV-8 inogona kukonzera Kaposi's sarcoma uye inonziwo KSHV - Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyomavirus - inozivikanwa seMcPyV - inogona kukonzera chimiro chekenza yepachizikanwa inonzi Merkel cell carcinoma. Asi kunyange zvazvo hutachiona hwave hwakawanda kwazvo muhuwandu hwevanhu vose, kenza inokonzerwa nayo haina kujairika.
Kudzivirira
Chimwe chekudzivirira chinofanirwa nepaundi yemapiritsi, uye zvinonzwisisika kuti dzakawanda zvezvivharasi zvinogona kutungamirira kenza zvinopfuudzwa kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Kuita zvepabonde rakachengeteka uye kwete kugovana masero ndeimwe nzira yekuderedza ngozi. Kukosha kwehutano huri nani - kudya zvakanaka nekudzidzira - kunosimbiswa pakuona kuti kubviswa kwezvirwere zvemuviri kunogona sei kukonzera njodzi yeimwe marariya anokonzerwa nehutachiona.
Kudzivirirwa kwekenza kunokonzerwa nemavirusi inzvimbo inofadza yekutsvakurudza - kunyanya pfungwa yekukwanisa kudzivirira zvimwe zvekenza izvi kuburikidza nemishonga yekudzivirira hutachiona kusapinda mumuviri pakutanga.
Pachirevo chekupedzisira, masayendisiti vari kushanda pakusanganiswa kwakasiyana kwemavirusi uye kenza uye kushandisa mamwe mavairasi kurwisa kenza pane kuitisa.
Sources:
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Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. Kuedza Kurudziro yeHepatitis C Infection.
Geng, L., uye X. Wang. Epstein-Barr Virus-inokonzera kukanganisika kwemakemikari: kuongorora uye kukura kwechipatara. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine . 2015. 8 (9): 14656-71.
Grundhoff, A., uye N. Fischer. Merkel cell polyomavirus, utachiona hunopararira hwakawanda hunogona kuita mamorigenic. Current Opinion in Virology . 2015. 14: 129-37.
National Cancer Institute. Zvirwere zvinotapukira.
Vedham, V., Verma, M., uye S. Mahabir. Pakutanga-hupenyu hunoonekwa kune vanotapurirana uye pakupedzisira kanamusi inovandudzwa. Cancer Medicine . 2015. 4912): 1908-22.