Kunzwisisa Kanzura Hereditary, Testing Genetic, uye Njodzi
Ndeipi chaiyo ine kenza yemunhu? Nekutaura nezvemajini ekuongorora maitiro uye "maitiro emukenza wepamu," vanhu vakawanda vakatanga kushamisika kana kenza "yakanyorwa muredzi." Saka, zvinokosha kuti unzwisise kuti chimiro chekuberekwa kwechimiro chinorevei chaizvo, pamwe chete nezvaunogona kuita kuderedza dambudziko rako kana une mhuri yekenza yekenza.
Chii Chinonzi Hereditary Cancer kana Chirongwa Chine Mhedziso?
Muchirwere wakakosha unoreva kanzura inowanzoitika mune vamwe vanhu kupfuura mamwe kubva pamagadzirirwo emagetsi.
Muchirwere wakagadzirwa nemukenza wakave wakagadzirwa semugumisiro wegene mutation kana mamwe mararamiro asina kufanana akapiwa kubva kumubereki kumwana. Kugara nhaka yejen mutation hakurevi kuti iwe uchava nekenza, asi zvirokwazvo inowedzera ngozi (kana ichienzaniswa nemunhu asina kutora mutated gene). Cancers inowanikwa kune vanhu vane mararamiro asina kukwana anonzi "vana vanorwara nekenza ."
Kanzira haisi nhaka, pane imwe nzvimbo, unotora gene (kana kusanganiswa kwemajini kana mamwe maitiro asina kufanana akadai sokutsvaga uye kugadzirisazve) izvo zvinogona kukugadzirisa nekenza, uye izvozvo zvinogona kunge zviduku kana kuti zvakakura kwazvo, zvichienderana nejecha uye zvimwe ngozi zvinokonzera kana kusanganiswa kwemajini.
Kuva nechizvarwa chinokonzerwa nejeni chinogona kukonzera kenza zvinoreva kuti iwe une " maitiro ekugadzirisa " kwekenza - ndiko kuti, iwe une dambudziko rakakura rekuve nekenza kupfuura vanhu vose.
Genetic Mutations uye Cancer
Kune marudzi maviri emagetsi ekuchinja-chinja anogona kukonzera kenza:
- Herediness mutations
- Yakagadziriswa
Kuchinja kwegeneti kunomanikidzwa nekubudirira kwekenza, asi haisi mishonga yose yekenza inhaka, sezvo kanzira dzakawanda dziri mhedzisiro yekuwana gene mutations (kuchinja kunoitika mushure mokuberekwa).
Pamusoro pehupenyu hwedu, majini edu anowedzera kuchinja-shanduka semugumisiro wekutarisana nemakemikari (zvinhu zvinokonzera kenza), asiwo nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwemaitiro emasero emagetsi:
- Nguva imwe neimwe sero rinoparadzanisa, rinofanirwa kuisa kopi chaiyo yeDNA yose iri muchitokisi.
- Iyi DNA inogona kukuvadzwa (yakashandurwa) kungoita sengozi panguva yekuparadzanisa.
- Kuchinja kunokonzerwa munguva yekuparadzanisa ndicho chikonzero kuti kenza inowanzova yakajairika isu vatinowana. Ndicho chikonzero chikonzero chisingagumi kuputika, zvakadai sorudzi runobuda mumuromo nemapapu nekusvuta, zvinogona kukonzera kenza.
- Nguva yakawanda iyo iyo kukanganisa kweDNA inoitika, inogona kugadziriswa, kana sero inopinda nenzira yekugadzirirwa sero rufu (apoptosis).
Chikonzero chekuti hatisi vose vanowana kenza nguva dzose ndeyekuti tine nzira yekugadzirisa kukanganisa kusingadzivisiki kunowanikwa muDNA yedu. Mamwe emajini edu anonzi tumor suppressor genes. Tumor suppressor jeni code yepuroteni inogadzirisa DNA yakaora mumasero edu. Apo chirwere chinodzvinyirira maitiro echinyakare chinoshandurwa, vanonyora mapuroteni asingashande pamwe chete pakuita basa iri rokugadzirisa, uye masero anokanganisa anobvumirwa kurarama nekuwanda uye pakupedzisira anova chirwere (kenza).
Chii Chinokonzera Kancers Kuti Ive Hereditary?
Mubereki mumwe nomumwe anopa kopi yemagene avo kumwana wavo kuitira kuti mwana aberekwe ane makopi maviri ega rimwe nerimwe mumuviri wavo (rimwe kubva kuna amai uye rimwe kubva kuna baba). Vanhu vazhinji vanoberekwa vane mavara maviri akaenzana ejeni rimwe nerimwe, asi kune mumwe munhu ane nhanho yakagadzirirwa mune imwe kemukari inodzvinyirira chirwere (iyo inowanzochengetedza kenza) zvinoreva kuti njodzi yekenza inowedzera.
Zvirwere zviviri zvinozivikanwa zvinopesana nemagenjini ndezve BRCA1 uye BRCA2 majeni. Mazana emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchinja-siyana mune imwe ye BRCA1 uye maGene2 eBCA2 akawanikwa, mamwe acho akatsunga kuva akaipa uye kuwedzera mukana wekenza kana mishonga inoshanduka yakaiswa kune vana.
Mhuri Nyaya Yekenza: Uri Mungozi Here?
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kune mamwe marariya anonyanya kuwanda kupfuura vamwe kuti ave nechirwere chemajini. Ikoko kunewo kanzura inomhanya pamwe chete mumasumbu. Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu ane mhuri yekenza yepamuviri-yekutanga yekamu neyeimwe hama ine chirwere chepancreatic unogona kufungidzira BRCA2 mutenhe mutende. Vanhu vane kenza yekoloni vane ngozi shoma yekuwedzera kenza yemazamu. Mukutsvaga njodzi, mazita ekupa mazano mazano anotarisa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana:
- Nhamba yehama dzakarwara nekenza (zvose zvinokonzerwa nekenza uye chero kenza.)
- Mhando dzekenza (sezvakambotaurwa kare, mamwe kanzira inowanzoita mumhuri kupfuura vamwe.)
- Kubatana kwekenza mhando - Hazviwanzozivikanwe kuti kusanganiswa kwekenza kunogona kufungidzirwa kuva nehutano hwakawanda hunosanganiswa kunyange kupfuura nhengo mbiri dzemhuri dzine kenza pane imwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, BRCA2 kuchinja kwemajeni ingangodaro yakave yakagadzirirwa nekenza yepabonde mune imwe nhengo, kenza yemaawa yevamwe mune imwe, kenza yeprostate mu3, uye kancreatic kanzira mune 4th. Kusanganiswa kwakadai sekudai kunogona kunge kunonyanya kukosha kudarika kuwana kenza yemazamu mumhuri nhanhatu kana vasere. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu wese anofanira kutora nhoroondo yemhuri yakangwarira yekenza mumhuri dzavo kuzokurukura nevanachiremba vavo.
- Kanzira uye zvepabonde - Muenzaniso wehutano huri nehutano pamusana wehutano hwemhuri ndiyo kenza yemazamu, apo kenza yemazamu muvarume inowanzova nechibereko chinowanikwa pane kenza yevakadzi muvakadzi.
- Nhamba yehama dzine chirwere inokosha zvakare. Zvechokwadi, mungozi yako ekuva nekenza yekoloni yakakura kana amai vako, babamunini, uye mukoma wavo vane chirwere ichi panzvimbo yekuva nemumwe chete wehama idzi vane chirwere.
Kunyora nhoroondo yako yemhuri yakakwana kunogona kukubatsira kuti uone kana iwe wakaberekwa nekenza. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kusarudza kutsvaga maitiro ekudzivirira mazita kuti vaone kana vakatakura gene inotated. Pachine zvishoma, uye iye zvino kuti tine mazita emarudzi akawanda anoedzwa, munhu wose anofanira kunyora nhoroondo yakazara yekenza mumhuri yavo yakareba kuti iongororwe nevanonyanya kuongorora chiremba panguva yepanyama.
Kupa Mazano Okugadzira uye Kuedza
Zvakakosha kupfuurira kuburikidza neruzivo rwemajini kana uri kutarisa maitiro ekuongorora. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti iwe unzwisise nzira yekuedza nemigumisiro uye yakagadzirirwa chero zvingave zviri mhinduro. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvekuti mamiriro ezvinhu ari pangozi angave anozivikanwa pane izvo zvisati zvava kuongororwa zvinowanikwa, asi zvichibva munhoroondo chete zvingave zvakakurudzirwa kuti iwe uwedzere kuongorora kuongororwa kwakaitwa.
Kuenzanisa kwemajeni kunonzwika sezviri nyore sekukurumidza kuongororwa ropa, asi hazvisi nyore. Semuenzaniso unokurumidza, kana uine nhengo yemhuri iyo yaive nekenza yepazamu uye imwe shanduko mu BRCA2 geni, kuchinja kwakadaro kunogona kuongororwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, jira rakazara kuti riongorore matanho ose mu BRCA2 geni chete inogona kutengesa zviuru zvuru zvemadhora. Kufunga izvi ichangobva kuongororwa, unogona kuona kuti izvi zviri kuitika.
Mukufamba kwenguva uye nehupenyu hwemagetsi evanhu, chirongwa ichi chinofanira kuvandudzwa, asi sayenzi ichiri, munzira dzakawanda, mumucheche.
Vamwe vanotora kufunga uye kukurukura nemuongorori wezvemajini musati mava neruzivo rwekuberekwa kwakaitwa zvinosanganisira:
- Iwe waizoitei uye iwe unganzwa sei kana iwe wakadzidza kuti wakanga uine maitiro ehutachiwana kune rumwe rudzi rwekenza?
- Izvozvo zvakaguma zvakadini?
- Chii chinonyatsokuudza iwe?
- Ndezvipi zvisingakwanisi kuedza?
Kuongorora maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinogona kukuudza kuti iwe unotarirwa kune rimwe jen mutende rinogona kukusimudzira kune imwe nzira (kana kupfuura) yekenza. Kune vakawanda kanzira, kune kutya kuti maitiro ekuberekwa achapa vanhu vimbiso dzenhema pamusoro pokusava nehutano. Ngatitarisei nezvekenza kaduku.
Chirwere chepabonde: Is It Genetic?
Kanzera yemazamu inomhanya mumhuri inenge inenge 10 kubva muzana yemakondomu echechi inoonekwa se "genetic."
Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva ne BRCA1 / BRCA2 kuchinja kwegene uye kenza yemazamu. Apo Angelina Jolie aive nechigadziro chake chekuchengetedza nekuda kweimwe yezviitiko izvi, vanhu vakawanda vakafarira kuongororwa kwemajeni aya. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuongororwa kwemajeni aya hakusi nyore sekungotora "kuongorora ropa" sezvo kune nzira dzakawanda umo BRCA1 neGCA2 dzegeneti zvinogona kuchinjwa.
BRCA1 neBrCA2 vane chiremera chekudzivirira majini. Aya mazamu akawana nhaka muzvinyorwa zvekutsvaga, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvose mapepa ejeni yako inofanira kuchinjwa kuitira kukudziridza kenza yemazamu. Kana uri kutarisa kuedza, usapotsa pfungwa idzi kana iwe kana iwe usingafaniri kuva nekenza yemazamu yechirwere.
Iti genetics yemukenza zvirokwazvo inonyanya kuoma kupfuura iyi. Semuenzaniso, pane zvinogona kuchinja mumascogenes - mazamu anenge akafanana nekutengesa motokari. Nekuchinja uku, zvinogona kungova kuchinja mutauro mumwechete wegene (autosomal inowanikwa.) Kusiyana neizvi, zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinopesana nejeni zvakagara nhaka sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa. Mukuwedzera, kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinokonzera uye nzira dzakanyanya kuoma kuti dzisarudze pano, uye akawanda kanzira inokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana (kune zvishoma zvisiri izvo zvinokosha) kusanganisira zvose oncogenes uye chirwere chinopesana nemagenhi, uye kuchinja kukuru, zvakare, kunoitika shure kuberekwa.
Prostate Cancer
Chirwere cheprostate chinogonawo kumhanya mumhuri, uye panoita seinobatana pakati peprostate nekenza yemazamu .
Kana iwe uine mhuri yekenza yeprostate, iva nechokwadi chokuti utaure nachiremba wako. Somuenzaniso, kuongorora kwePSA kunogona kuchengetedza hupenyu , asi haisi yevasingazivi. Chirwere cheprostate chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwepamusoro, sezvo chiitiko chinokonzerwa nekenza yeprotate inofungidzirwa kuva yakakura se60 kubva muzana, kunyange zvazvo 5 kusvika ku10 muzana chete inofungidzirwa kuti inobatana nemararamiro emagenene emagetsi. Kana baba vako kana mukoma wako vaine kenza yeprostate, ngozi yenyu inopfuure kaviri yemumwe munhu asina nhoroondo yemhuri yehosha.
Predisposition to Colon Cancer
Pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonzwisiswa nekenza yekoloni - kana kuti "mhando" dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa. Kwose kwakapoteredza 20 kubva muzana yevanhu vanova nekenza yekoloni vane nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere. Chimwe chimiro chekenza yekoloni inogona kuderedzwa nenzira shomanana:
- Iwe unogona kuva nenhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yekoloni.
- Iwe unogona kuva nenhaka yekodhoni yemukondombera yakadai seLynch syndrome (kanzvadzi isina-polyposis kanzira yakakosha (HNPCC)), mhuri yemadenomatous polyposis syndrome, kana juvenile polyposis syndrome .
- Iwe unogona kuva nechirwere chechirwere chinoputika mumhuri yako, chakadai seCrohn's disease kana ulcerative colitis, iyo inogona kukonzera njodzi yako yekukura nekenza yekoloni.
Mimwe Kanzira uye Mazino
Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwekenza zvinokonzera kanzira dzakawanda uye kanzvadzi dzakasiyana-siyana kuwedzera kune izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvine ruzivo rwemazwi. Vanhu vazhinji havazive zvimwe zviitiko zvekuberekwa, somuenzaniso, kuti 55 kubva muzana yehutachiona hwehutano hwemunhu hunokonzerwa nemararamiro , kana kuti, vakadzi vanoputa vane vane mutsauko we BRCA2 vane kaviri kengozi yekuva nekenza yemapapu . Izvi zvinongomanikidzira kuti sei zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako uye kugovera nhoroondo yemhuri yakanyatsocherechedza.
Ko Geni Rinogona Kuedza Kukuita Kuti Usasvibisa Inishuwarenzi Yako Here?
Sangano reHeral Health Insurance Rokuita uye Kuzvidavirira Mutemo (HIPAA) rinodzivisa kusarurwa nevanhu vanobva kuongororwa kwemajini kwekenza pamusoro pekugona kuwana inshuwarisi yehutano. Izvozvo zvakati, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kwemajini maererano nekushandiswa kwemainishuwarenzi ehupenyu nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu aungagona kubvunzwa pamusoro pemayero akadaro.
Icho Chizvarwa Chinokonzera Kurapa Nguva Dzoipa Here?
Zvichida iyo yaiva nzira yakangwara yekuunza pfungwa inokosha uye yekupedzisira. Zvechokwadi, iwe hauzombodi kugoverwa nekenza, kana kutakura geni rinosanganiswa nekuva nekenza. Asi kuve nekuziva nezvehutachiona hwehutano - nekuita pamusoro pekuziva izvozvo-kunokusiya iwe pane imwe nzvimbo iri nani kupfuura iwe kana iwe usina ngozi. Sei zvakadaro?
Zvinenge 10 kubva muzana zvekenza yebonde zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvizvarwa, zvinoreva 90 muzana kwete. Vakadzi vakawanda vane nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazamu vanonyatsochenjerera pamusoro pekuongorora uye nekukurumidza kuona vanachiremba kana vane bundu. Kune avo vasina nhoroondo yemhuri, pangava nekushaiwa kwekuziva kumwe kana angafunga kuti zvichida bundu haisi chinhu nokuti hapana mhuri yezvakaitika. Muchiitiko ichi chiitiko mukadzi ane ruzivo rwekuzvarwa anogona kutora chiito nekukurumidza - uye ave nekenza yake yepabonde inowanikwa pane imwe nzvimbo yapfuura inoporesa yechirwere - kupfuura mukadzi asina nhoroondo yemhuri.
Kwete-Geni Rekenza Rinogona Kuramba Mumhuri
Semashoko ekupedzisira, iva nechokwadi chekutevera mararamiro ekudzivirira chirwere chekenza. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinoratidzika kuti zvinotungamirira mumhuri zvingasava nehutachiona zvachose uye panzvimbo panzvimbo nekuda kwekutsvaga kumwe. Muenzaniso ungadai uri mhuri yevasina kusvuta iyo yose inova nekenza yemapapu. Panzvimbo pekuve iko kuenzaniswa kwemasvikiro, zvingangove kuti vose zvavo vakaiswa pachena kune radon mumusha.
Sources:
American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. The Genetics of Cancer. Yashandurwa 08/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/cancer-basics/genetics/genetics-cancer
Hall, M., Obeid, E., Schwartz S., Mantia-SMaldone, G., Forman, A., naM M. Daly. Kuongorora maitiro ekuberekwa kwechirwere chepabonde: BRCA1 / 2, Lynch syndrome, uye kupfuura. Gynecologic Oncology . 2016. 140 (3): 565-74.
National Cancer Institute. Cancer Genetics Overview - Health Professional Version (PDQ). Updated 01/15/16. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/overview-pdq
National Cancer Institute. The Genetics of Cancer. Updated 04/22/15. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics
National Cancer Institute. Genetics yeCrostate Cancer - Health Professional Version (PDQ). Updated 02/12/16. http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-genetics-pdq