Chirongwa cheHepatitis B

Varume vari pangozi yakakura yechirwere ichi

Hepatitis B kuputika kwechiropa kunokonzerwa nehutachiona. Munyika yose, kune mamiriyoni anopfuura 400 mumiririri asingagumi wehepatitis B. Pakati pevanhu 200 000 vanobata chirwere cheHpatitis B gore rimwe nerimwe muU.S., 10 kusvika ku15 000 vanoenderera mberi kukudziridza chimiro chisingaperi chechirwere. Varume vanowanikwa katanhatu kupfuura vakadzi kuti vave vatakuri venguva refu yehutachiona hweH hepatitis B (HBV), asi zvikonzero zveizvi hazvisati zvanyatsojeka.

Mhando dzeHepatitis B

Pakati pevakuru vanowana chirwere cheHepatitis B, 95 muzana vanojekesa hutachiona uye havaendi kuti vave nechimiro chisingaperi chechirwere. Vamwe vanhu vane zviratidzo zvishomanana kana kuti hapana zvachose, saka vangasaziva kuti vane HBV kana kuti vakave nayo.

Vanhu vakawanda vakuru vachabvisa chirwere zvacho zvachose mumwedzi mitanhatu. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti ma antibodies anodzivirira paanenge achirwisana nehutachiona zvinoreva kuti vanhu vakambove vasina huchazombofanira kushungurudza nezveHBV zvakare-vachave vasina kudzivirira.

Kune marudzi matatu ehepatitis B kutapukira:

1. Utano husingagumi hwevatachiona hwehupatitis B hahupindi kune vamwe uye, kunyange zvazvo vangave nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekrrhosis uye kenza yeropa kune vanhu vazhinji, vanowanzogara hupenyu hwehupenyu. Utachiona hunogona kuve huchigadziriswa kana zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvichibva zvanyanya kupera, zvakadai munguva yekurwara kwakanyanya, panguva yekurapa nemishonga inofanirwa kugadzirisa zvirwere zvakadai sekenza kana AIDS, kana nemishonga yakadai steroids.

1. Chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzera hepatitis B chinotapukira zvikuru. Munhu ane iyo ingangodaro yakatsvaira uye yakanganisa chiropa kunyange kana munhu wacho asina zvishoma kana kuti asina zviratidzo. Vanhu vane rudzi urwu rwe hepatitis B vanowanzova nechirwere chinopfuurira chinotungamirira ku-cirrhosis. Vashanu kubva kuzana kubva muzana kubva muzana vane kuregererwa kwemazvirokwazvo, vanoita sevasingaiti kune vamwe, uye havagoni kuramba vachiwedzera kana kuderedza kuora kwechiropa, kunyange dzimwe nguva kugadziriswa kwehutachiona kunoitika.

1. Chirwere chisingaperi chine hepatitis B chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona nekuchinja kusingaperi kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwaHepatitis B. Vaya vane nayo vane mikana yekupindira kune vamwe uye inofungidzirwa kuti inopesana nemishonga kune dzimwe mhando dzechirwere.

Transmission

Hepatitis B inoparidzwa kuburikidza nemvura yakasvibiswa yomuviri yakadai seyi:

• Ropa
• Sweat
• Misodzi
• Saliva
• Semen
• Zvinyorwa zvemakumbo
• Mwedzi
• Mukaka wemazamu

Kudengenyeka kunogonawo kuitika kana uchishandisa sirinho imwechete somunhu ane hutachiwana, sekuwana kuwedzerwa ropa risati rasvika muna 1975 (zvinodiwa neropa zvino zvakarongedzwa munyika dzakawanda) uye kuwana matanho kana kurova muviri.

Hepatitis B inogonawo kupararira panguva yekuberekwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana, panguva yekurapa, kuburikidza nehuwandu hwemabasa, uye munguva yepabonde. Kuva nechipatara B hazvirevi kuti munhu anotapukira kune vamwe vanhu, vamwe vanhu vane HBV ndivo vanotapukira.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzevanhu dzinogona kuziva kuti dzine hepatitis. Nokuti pane dzimwe nguva zvishoma zvishoma zviratidzo zvisingagoni kuneta, somuenzaniso, kuti zvinogona kuongororwa apo kuongororwa kweropa kunoitwa-dzimwe nguva nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingaenderani, zvakadai sepakutanga kupa zvipo zveropa, nekuda kwe inshuwarisi, kwehutano hunoongorora, kana zvichienderana nekukuvadza kwakabatana kwebasa.

Acute Hepatitis B

Mumuviri wayo wakaoma, zviratidzo zvehupatitis B zvinogona kuita kuti munhu wacho anzwe achirwara zvakanyanya. Vamwe vanogona kutenda kuti vane chirwere ichi apo vamwe vangave vasina zviratidzo zvachose.

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira jaundice, fever, kurwadziwa mumimba, kusava nenzara, kushushikana, kurutsira, kuneta, ruvara rwemavara, ruvara rwemavara, maziso uye maronda. Chiropa chinogonawo kuwedzerwa uye chinyoro.

Fulminant hepatitis iyi yakasimba asi inonyanya kuwanikwa yehepatitis yakaoma . Inogona kutanga nekuneta uye kunetseka, asi, mukati memavhiki mashomanana, zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinotumidzwa. Inenge mavhiki maviri mushure mokunge jaundice inokura, incephalopathy inokura.

Encephalopathy inenge isina simba kana kuti yakachinjwa mupfungwa. Muchimiro chayo chinyararire, pangave nekukanganwa kwenguva pfupi yekurasikirwa, kukanganwa, kusagadzikana kwekutaura, hutsika hune hutsika kana kuchinja maitiro, kana kuchinja mumararamiro ekurara.

Mune maitiro ayo akaoma, munhu angave akarasikirwa zvikuru nekuyeuka (asingazivi zuva, gore, zita ravo kana kuti kero), kuvhiringidzika, kuratidzira mafambiro asina kukodzera, kushamwaridzana kwakashata, asterixis (kusadzivirirwa kwemaoko), fetor hepaticus ( kunhuwa kunhuvhuta mweya), uye coma. Kusvikira kuzana nezana nezana yevanhu vane chirwere ichi chinonzi hapatitis chisingatauri chichafa pasina chiropa chekuisa .

Chronic Hepatitis B

Zvakare, zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvingasiyana uye vanhu vazhinji havazozivi kuti chinhu chakanyanya chakaipa chakashata kana kuziva zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuneta kana kunyarara, jaundice, uye chiropa chakawedzerwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, kana chirwere chisingaperi chisina kubviswa nemuviri kana kuti hachibudirwe kurapwa uye kurapwa, chirwere chechiropa kana kusakundika kwechiropa kunogona kuguma.

Kuongorora Ruzi Ropa

Kuongorora ropa kunoratidza kuvepo kwechirwere uye chii chinokanganisa. A hepatitis B serology yepurojekiti yeropa ichapa hutano hwakajeka hwechirwere chehepatitis chiripo sezvo kune maitiro akasiyana ehutachiona.

Chiropa Basa
Kuongororwa kweropa kunoratidza kuti chiropa chinoshanda zvakadini asi hachinyatsoongorori zvose zvezvinhu zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana izvo chiropa chinotarisirwa mumitumbi yedu. Vanocherechedza huwandu hwehuputi hwechiropa, transaminase uye cholestatic enzyme, bilirubin, uye chiropa cheprotein, iyo yose inogona kuchinjwa nechiropa cheropa.

Kukura kwehutachiona muropa hakurevi kuti nguva yakawanda chiropa chinopisa kana chakaipa. Kukwirira kwezvinhu izvi kunogonawo kuitika semugumisiro wehutachiona hwechiropa, zvirwere zvechiropa, nekushaya mwoyo. Maitiro akaenzana eAST uye ALT transaminase ari kusvika 0 kusvika 40 IU / L uye 0 kusvika 45 IU / L maererano. Mune chirwere chisingaperi chine hepatitis B, mazinga acho anowanzova maviri kusvika katatu pamusoro pehutano hwakanaka.

Liver Proteins
Albumin, prothrombin uye immunoglobulins-zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa neropa-zvinongororwa uye zvisingaenzaniswi zvinoratidza chirwere chakaipa cheropa. Nguva yeprothrombin inoda kuongororwa, zvakare, nokuti chiropa chinounza zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinodzima zvinoda kumira kubuda ropa.

Chiropa Chirwere
Chiropa chinoputika chimwe chezvakakosha uye zvakanyatsoongorora kutsvaga zvinogona kugadzirisa zvinokanganisa nechiropa uye kuti zvakakanganisa sei. Sezvo zvirwere zvizhinji zvechiropa zvinokonzera nhengo yose yakafanana, samuenzaniso shoma inowanikwa nehupsy, inowanzoitwa pasi pesimba remunharaunda, icharatidza chero kusakanganisika. Kune vakawanda, chirwere chinotungamirirwa chiropa chinonyatsochengetedza uye chinoshanda chekuongorora.

Kurapa

I-FDA (Chakudya neDrug Administration) yakagamuchira mhando mbiri dzemishonga, alpha interferon uye lamivudine. Alpha interferon, inopiwa nejojo, inosimudzira muviri wemuviri uye inotarisirwa kwemavhiki makumi matanhatu. Inodhura zvikuru uye ine miviri yakawanda, zvishoma zvacho zvakakomba. Lamivudine, inotorwa nemuromo kwemavhiki makumi mashanu nemashanu, kunyange zvazvo ine zvigaro zvisingabatsiri, haisi kwenguva yakareba seinterferon. Kudzoka chinhu chinowanzoonekwa uye kushandiswa kwayo kunogona kutungamirira kumagetsi ekudzivirira.

Mhinduro dzezvinoshandiswa kumishonga mumapurogiramu akabudirira ekurapa zvinosiyana. Muna 2002, FDA yakaratidza kuti "inopfuura 50 muzana kune varwere vane mazinga eAT makuru kupfuura mavhiri mashanu epamusoro-soro yemagariro evanhu, asi pasi (20 kubva kune 35 kusvika ku35 muzana) kune varwere vane urwere hweAlt pasi peviri nguva yakakwirira yezvakanaka. "Muzvirwere vane hutano hweAlt zvishoma pane kaviri kamupamusoro kumucheto wenguva dzose, mhinduro dzematauri dzakashata uye kurapwa kunofanira kuderedzwa."

Imwe mishonga yemhando-nucleotide analogue adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) -offers inogona kuva yechitatu uye yakagamuchirwa neDAA mukurapa hepatitis B munaSeptember 2002.

Acute Hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B inorapwa zvichienderana nekuzorora uye mvura zhinji. Iwe unogona kunge usingadi kuzorora pamubhedha; zvinoenderana nekurwadziwa kwako unonzwa sei.

Kana iwe uchikwira kwazviri, saka hapana chikonzero nei usingafaniri kuenda kunoshanda. Zvakakosha kutungamirira hupenyu hwakanaka, saka rega kusvuta (edza zvakaoma!) Uye udye kudya kwakanaka. Zvechokwadi rega doro kwemwedzi mishoma apo chiropa chinoda nguva kuti uwane.

Chronic Hepatitis B
Kune vanhu avo miviri yavo isingakwanisi kubvisa hutachiona, HBV ichaenderera mberi kuva mamiriro ezvinhu asingagumi. Pasina nguva yakareba pakanga pasina kurapa kwehepatitis B; zvisinei, pane ikozvino mishonga inowanikwa inove inobudirira zvikuru.

Nguva yemberi inotarisa yakajeka uye masayendisiti uye makambani ekushandisa zvinodhaka vari kutarisira kuti, mumakore mashomanana anotevera, kurapa kuchawanikwa kuti ichapa mushonga kune wose ane chirwere chechipatara B.

Kurapa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunowanika kune vanhu vane chirwere chisingaperi chehepatitis B kunyange zvisiri kukurudzirwa kune vose vane utachiona. Chirwere chinotarisirwa kubviswa kwehutachiona hweH hepatitis B nekugadzirisa zvirwere zvakasimba zvechiropa.

Prognosis

• Inenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvevanhu vane chirwere chechipatara B chisingagumi vanoramba vachikudziridza cirrhosis gore negore.
• Kwemakore mashanu, mikana yekuwedzera yekudzidzira chirwere chendrhosis ine 15 kusvika 20 muzana.
• Makore mashanu ekupona kwechirwere mushure mekunge chirwere cheprhosis chinowanikwa chiri pakati pe 52 ne80 muzana.
• Kana chirwere cheprhosis chakakomba (cirrhosis pamwe chete nezvinetso zvakadai sokubuda ropa uye encephalopathy) zvinokura, kuparara kunoterera kusvika pakati pe14 ne32 muzana.
• Nehuwandu hwehutachiwana hwekenza , vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni pasi rose vanofa gore negore kubva kune zvinetso zvehepatitis B.

Zvirwere zvisingabatsiri kune avo vane zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Varombo hutano hutano
• Kuwana kusakwana kwehutano zvirongwa, kusava nemari, kusachena kwehutsanana, nezvimwewo.
• Nguva yakwegura
• Zvirwere zve hepatitis D uye hepatitis B pamwe chete
• Zvirwere zve hepatitis C uye hepatitis B pamwe chete
• Hematitis yakagadziridzwa
• Kuenderera mberi kushandiswa kwedoro doro mushure mekuonekwa kwechirwere chehepatitis

Cherechedza: Hepatitis D (HDV) inogona kuvapo chete nehutachiona hweH hepatitis B. Hepatitis D inoparidzirwa nenzira imwechete yeHepatitis B uye inogona kubatwa panguva imwecheteyo neHBV (co-hutachiwana) kana kuti inotevera HBV chirwere. Co-utachiona inozivikanwa kuchenesa muviri zvakanaka (90 kusvika 95 muzana). Mune nyaya yeupinfection, 70 kusvika ku95 muzana inotanga kuve yakanyanya kuipa kwenguva refu yeHVV.

Kudzivirira

Mushonga unowanikwa uye unorayirwa kune avo vari pangozi kana mukubatana nehosha. Ikoko chirwere chinokwana 90 kusvika 95 muzana chinoshanda mukudzivirira hepatitis B uye chimiro chisingaperi chechirwere.

Makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe muzana eNhengo dzeUnited Health Organisation dzakatora chirongwa chekudzivirira zvirwere zvehutachiona hweHpatitis B. Zvinosuruvarisa, mari yehutachiona uye nzira shoma yekuparidzirwa kwechirwere ichi zvinoreva kuti kuitika kwehutachiona hweH hepatitis B kunoramba kuchikwira.

Vanhu vanoziva kuti vane utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hweH hepatitis B vanogona kutora matanho ekudzivirira kuuraya vamwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemarara yakasvibiswa, kushandisa mabheji emasero akasiyana uye zvikasi, usingatauri masero netsvimbo nevamwe, nguva dzose uchishandisa makondomu , uye kudzivisa kurara kwepabonde .

Kana basa rako rinosanganisira kushanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira, iwe unofanira kubvunza chiremba wako kuti akupe mazano pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye chero zvipi zvingave nazvo kune utano hwako hweramangwana. Vanhu vose vanotapukirwa ne hepatitis B vanofanira kuwana chirwere che hepatitis A kudzivirira kutapukirwa.

Kutsungirira

Kana ukaona kuti une hepatitis B, usaora mwoyo. Tsvaga chiremba anoongorora hepatology kukupa mazano pamusoro pemishonga yakanakisisa uye kuti unokwanisa sei kuwedzera hutano hwako kurwisa hutachiona.

Yeuka, iwe hausi woga. Kune mamiriyoni evanhu vane hepatitis B. Tsvaga boka rekutsigira kunharaunda kuburikidza neIndaneti kana kukumbira boka rako rezvechiremba ririkupa kutarisira kwako masangano anobatsira anowanikwa kwauri.