Kutanga kunonoka asi ikozvino kwakanyanya kufambira mberi uye tariro
Iwe umwe neumwe une nhau yako yekuti MS yakadzima sei nzira yayo kune hupenyu hwako kana hunodiwa uye kuti zvakakanganisa sei ukama hwako, zvitendero, uye hupenyu. Multiple sclerosis inewo nyaya yakewo-imwe iyo yakagadziriswa sezvinoita zviratidzo zvinokonzera uye mhirizhonga inowanzotarisa muupenyu hwedu.
Nokugovana nhau ye multiple multiple sclerosis, unogona kutarisira kuwana ruzivo rwekuti takasvika sei pakunzwisisa chirwere ichi chakaoma-kunyanya mumakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira-uye kunyange kukupa zvishoma zvetariro yezvingave zviri kuuya.
Nhau dzepakutanga dzeZvingangobvira Multiple Sclerosis
Imwe yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zve multiple sclerosis yakadhindwa muzvinyorwa zveVatican muzana remakore rechi14. Mune zvinyorwa, zviratidzo zveSaint Ludwina weSchiedam zvakarondedzerwa mushure mokunge aona kuwira kubva pachikepe pazera remakore gumi nemaviri.
Akatora zvishoma kubva pakuwa asi akaenderera mberi ane zvikamu zvemakumbo asina simba, zvinetso zvekuona, nekurasikirwa kwehutano. Zvinofadza kuti mupirisita wake weparidzi akataura kuti chirwere ichi chakabva kuna Mwari, saka sainzi Ludwina akazviita basa rake kutsungirira zviratidzo nekuda kwevamwe.
Anenge makore mazana matatu gare gare, tsanangudzo dzinofadza dzeSMS dzakawanikwa mubhuku raSir Augustus Frederick d'Este, muzukuru waMambo George III weEngland. Akanyora nezvekudzoka zvakare-kurega chirwere chetachiitiko umo akawana matanho ekusava neurological kusagadzikana sekusaona matambudziko (anotenda kuva optic neuritis ), kuonekwa kaviri, kushaya simba kwemakumbo, uye zvinetso zvemuviri uye zvechirwere.
Akabva arondedzera imwe nzira yekufambira mberi yezvirwere, iyo yakazomusiya mubhedha-yakasungwa kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1848 pazera remakore makumi mashanu.
Muna 1824, kutsanangurwa kwekutanga kwemazuva ano kweSMS kwakataurwa naDr. Charles-Prosper Ollivier d'Angers. Mune basa rake rakanyorwa, akarondedzera mukomana ane makore 17 uyo akawana zviitiko zvekufamba uye zvinokonzera chikafu zvakasuruvara nekutsvaga kune moto unopisa-zvino unozivikanwa seUhthoff phenomenon .
Multiple Sclerosis Isingaoneki Denda
Muna 1868, Jean-Martin Charcot, nyanzvi yezvepurogiramu inobva kuParis, akadzidza musikana wechidiki ane kudengenyeka, kutaura kwekutaura, uye kufamba kwemaziso kusina kujairika (kunonzi nystagmus ). Apo mukadzi uyu akafa, akaongorora uropi hwake pamotopsy ndokutsanangura " plaques " ye multiple multiple sclerosis, inozivikanwawo sezviyo kana zvipembenene.
Zvadaro, mune zvakatevedzana zvehurukuro, Charcot inotsanangurwa uye yakatsanangura multiple sclerosis uye nesayenzi shure kwayo-kuti myelin inopoteredza nerve fibers yakanganisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange zvakadaro, akavhiringidzika ne "nei" shure kweMS kana kuti maitirwe sei.
Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemaelin muSMS. Zvisinei, panguva yaCharcot, vanhu vakanga vasingazivi kuti MS yakanga iri chirwere chekuchengetedzwa kwezvirwere kana kuti maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvaivepo.
Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti uye vanachiremba vakavhiringidzika neWS, yakange ichizivikanwa sechirwere chakajeka muna 1878. Munguva ino, masayendisiti akatanga kutora huwandu hweSMS hunhu hunokosha nhasi, se:
- MS inowanzoonekwa kune vakadzi kupfuura varume.
- MS ndiyo chirwere chinoshandura (kureva vanhu vane MS vane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana).
- Nharaunda (mukuwedzera kune majini) inoita basa kana kana munhu asina kusimba MS.
- MS inowanzozivikanwa nevanhu vanogara kumaodzanyemba kwemashure.
Kunyange zvazvo kufambira mberi kwave kuitwa mukuvandudza kwakanaka MS, pakanga paine kushayikwa kwekufambira mberi maererano nekurapa MS. Zvechokwadi, unogona kushamisika kuziva zvimwe zvekurapa kwekuedza kunoshandiswa kurapa vanhu vane MS (iyo isina kushanda):
- ropa kurega
- nyuchi kumatemberi
- nyama kudya
- arsenic
- magetsi kukurudzira
- majekisi egoridhe nesirivha
Chirongwa cheMhuka cheSMS Chinobudiswa
Kushayikwa kwemashoko anobatsira anonzi MS kwakaratidzika sekukurudzira masayendisiti nekutsvakurudza pamusoro peSMS kwakaenderera mberi kuchinja. Zvadaro Sangano reKutsvakurudza muNervous and Mental Illness (ARNMD) rakaumbwa muna 1921, richibvumira pfungwa uye tsvakurudzo paSMS kuti iite uye yakasimbiswa kubva kumakore makumi mashanu apfuura.
Kuwana kukuru kwakaitika muna 1935 apo Dr. Thomas Rivers muNew York City vakawana mhando yemhuka yeMS, inonzi experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Akaita izvi nekupora mhuka dzine myelin ine utano uye zvino kubudisa maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira pamhuka yangu ye myelin.
Muenzaniso weEEE iye zvino ndiyo dombo guru rekona muSMS tsvakurudzo. Ichokwadi, mishonga inotanga kuedzwa muEEE isati yaedzwa kuvanhu. Iyi mhando yemhuka zvakare yakazoita kuti pfungwa yokuti MS inorwara-inopesana-kunyange zvazvo kuwirirana uku kwaisazogadzirwa kusvikira kuma1950.
Kutsigira nekutsvakurudza mu Multiple Sclerosis
Muna 1945, mumwe mukadzi anonzi Sylvia Lawry akaisa chiziviso muNew York Times (munun'una wake Benjamin aive neMS) achitaura kuti "Multiple sclerosis: munhu wose akadzoka kubva kwairi anofadza kukurukurirana nemurwere."
Nhamba huru ye mhinduro dzakamukurudzira kuti atange sangano revatungamiri vane gumi ne11 neurology nevamwe vatsigiri neshamwari, vakanzi National MS Society. Basa raMutemory rakagadzikana neNational MS Society rakaita kuti pave nokuumbwa kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders uye Stroke muna 1950.
Nekuumbwa kwezvikwata zvakakosha, kutsvakurudza paSMS kwakabudirira. Pano pane tsvakurudzo dzakawanikwa uye pfungwa dzakagadzika pakati pemakore ekuma1900:
- kuumbwa kwe myelin uye nhengo yaro muhutano hunoratidza
- ukama huri pakati pemasikirwo evanhu uye huropi hwavo uye musipinha (uye kuti MS yaiva chirwere chinopesana nemasimba)
- kuwanikwa kwemaorigoclonal mauto mumutsipa wepelinha wevanhu vane MS
- pfungwa yokuti hutachiona hunogona kutanga kana kubatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweMS
- kuwanikwa kwemajini anosanganiswa neMS
- kushandiswa kwemitemo yekuongorora MS
Kunyange zvakadaro, panguva ino, maZE emishonga haana kuongororwa nesayenzi, zvinoreva kuti yakabva pane maonero uye kwete data kubva kuongororo. Semuenzaniso, nyanzvi dzakawanda panguva iyoyo dzaidavira kuti MS yakagadziriswa kubva mune dambudziko remvura, saka vanhu vane MS vaibatwa neropa rakanyanya.
Yokutanga MS Scientific Study
Pakupedzisira, muna 1969, kudzidza kwekutanga kutungamirirwa nevanhu vane MS kwakapedzwa. Muchidzidzo, vatori vechikamu vane maitiro akakomba eM MS akagamuchira ACTH kana placebo. ACTH inonzi hormone inowanzobudiswa nemucherechedzo wepituitary (chirwere chiduku chinonzi pea-size in brain). Iko inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwe steroid, iyo inoshanda kubvisa muviri wemunhu
Mhinduro yakaratidza kuti boka rakagamuchira ACTH kune avo vakagamuchira placebo rakakurumidza kugadzirisa kubva kune MS. Ichi chidzidzo chaikosha pakuratidza kuti steroid inogona kuderedza kupisa kweSMS zvakare . Izvo zvataurwa, steroid haiti kuderedza kufambira mberi kweSMS.
Kufananidza kwe Multiple Sclerosis
Kufungidzira zvishandiso zvakakurumidza zvakagadzirwa izvo zvakabvumira vanachiremba kuti vaone zviri nani maitiro echirwere cheMS. Idzi dzaisanganisira kutanga kweCAT kuongorora mumakore ekuma1970, zvichizotevera kuve nekugadziriswa , uye, pakupedzisira, MRIs yakashandiswa kwenguva yekutanga mukutanga kwema1980 kufungidzira kuti uropi hwomunhu ane MS. MRI teknolojia yakaenderera mberi kuchinja zvikuru uye yakashandura zvose kuongororwa kweMS uye kugadzirisa kuti munhu ari kupindura sei kurapwa zvakanaka.
Kurapa kweMaplex Sclerosis
Nekufambira mberi kwakanakisisa kwekufungidzira kwakauya zvidzidzo zve MS maitiro. Aya mazano, anozivikanwa semishonga -kuchinja marapirwo , ave akawanikwa kuderedza nhamba uye kuoma kweSMS zvakare zvakare-kunyange zvazvo pasina kurapa MS kana kudzivirira zviratidzo zvinoramba zvichiita sekuneta kana zvinetso zvekunzwa zvinowanzouya nekuenda kune vanhu vane MS. Mishonga yakadaro inosanganisira:
- Chirwere chekutanga-chinoshandiswa mishonga inoshandiswa, inonzi Betaseron (interferon beta-1b), yakagamuchirwa muna 1993. Yakatevera naAvonex (interferon beta-1a), Rebif (interferon beta-1a), uye Copaxone (glatiramer acetate).
- Muna 2006, yekutanga yakashandisa kurapwa kwakagamuchirwa kune MS inonzi Tysabri (natalizumab) .
- Muna 2010, mishonga yokutanga yemishonga inonzi MS yakagamuchirwa, inonzi Gilenya (fingolimod), iyo yakapa sarudzo kune vanhu vasingagoni kubvumira mishonga inoda kuiswa kana kuti vanhu vane MS vakaramba vachiwedzera kunyanya pasinei ne interferon therapy.
- Izvi zvakateverwa nekugamuchirwa kwemishonga miviri yemuromo, Aubagio (teriflunomide) muna 2012 uye Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) muna 2013.
- Muna 2014, chimwe chiitiko chakakonzera mishonga inoshandura zvirwere inonzi Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) yakagamuchirwa kuvanhu vakanga vasina kukodzera kugadziriswa kune maviri kana kupfuura mamwe marapirwo-kuchinja kurapwa.
- Muna 2016, Zinbryta (daclizumab), imwe mishonga inorasikirwa yakagamuchirwa.
- Muna 2017, Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) yakagamuchirwa kuti isabatanidzwa zvakare nekudzokazve mafomu eMS asiwo yekufambira mberi MS-yekutanga MS therapy kuita izvi, izvo zvinokurudzira.
Ramangwana reMaplex Sclerosis
Ramangwana reMS rinopenya, sezvo nyanzvi dzinopfuurira kurongedza ruzivo rwavo nekuwedzera mazano avo ekutsvakurudza. Imwe nzvimbo huru yekutsvakurudza ikozvino inowanikwa ndeyekudzidzira myelin kugadzirisa. Kunyange zvazvo kurapwa kwemakore makumi mana ekupedzisira kwakakonzera masimba ezvirwere uye kuti myelin yakaipa inogona kudzivirirwa sei, nyanzvi dziri kutarisa kuti uropi hunogona sei kudzorera myelin kana yakanganisa-maonero echokwadi zvechokwadi ekuporesa.
Zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinotarisirwa kutsvaga zvinosanganisira basa rekudya, gutakura mabhakitiriya, vitamini D, uye genetic mutations muMS. Uyezve kuongororwa ndeyekuti mazano anobatsira sei, sa yoga, anogona kubatsira munhu kutarisa zviratidzo zvayo zviri nani.
Pakupedzisira, nyanzvi dzakawana nzira dzekubatsira vanhu vane MS vachirarama zvakanyanyisa. Kubva pakurapa kwekurapa kunobatsira vanhu kusimbisa mushutukutu mushure mekudzokazve kuita zvirongwa zvinobatsira vanhu kurwisana nekuneta kweSM , vanhu vazhinji vane MS uye vadiwa vavo vanogona kurarama zvakanaka nechirwere ichi-chishamiso chinoshamisa pachavo.
Shoko Rinobva
Nyaya yeSMS ichaenderera mberi, sezvo nzira yakatsauka, inokanganisa yekunzwisisa chirwere ichi chakakomba uye zvisikwa zvayo zvose uye zvakavanzika zvichiri kuenderera mberi. Asi kufambira mberi kwakaitwa mumakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira kwakakura. Uye nezvo, kune tariro-tariro iyo inowanikwa nevaya vanoona MS mazuva ese uye vanoziva kuti mushonga uchasvika rimwe zuva, kana kwete kwatiri, pane avo vari shure kwedu.
> Sources:
> Birnbaum, MD George. 2013. Multiple Sclerosis: Muongorori weChitareji weKutsvaga uye Kurapa, Shanduro yechipiri. New York, New York. Oxford University Press.
> Murray TJ. Nhoroondo ye multiple multiple sclerosis: kuchinja sarudzo yechirwere kwemazana emakore. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Feb 1; 277 Suppl 1: S3-8.
> National MS Society. 2016. Zvirwere-Kuchinja Kurapa kweMS .
> Rolak LA. 2016. National MS Society: The History of MS: The Basic Facts.
> Rolak LA. MS: The Basic Facts. Clin Med Res . 2003; 1 (1): 61-62.