Ndezvipi Zvitendero Zvichitaura Nezvekuberekwa Kwekuzvarwa uye Kuronga?

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Ndezvipi Zvitendero Zvichitaura Nezvekuberekwa Kwekuzvarwa uye Kuronga?

Kune vanhu vazhinji, chitendero chinoita basa rinokosha pakuita zvisarudzo pamusoro pekushandisa kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa . Izvo ruzivo rwekudzivirira kubata pamuviri hwakaverengwa kubvira kare. Matangiro ezvokurapa okutanga echiIslami, magwaro ekare echiJudha, uye magwaro matsvene echiHindu anotaura zvose zvekuti chirongwa chekuberekwa kwemishonga chinogona kukonzera kushanda kwenguva pfupi. Maonero echitendero pamusoro pekudzivirira kuberekwa anosiyana-siyana, uye kunyange izvo zvitendero zvinoratidzika sezvo zvinopesana nekudzivirira kuberekwa zvine tsika dzinobvumira kushandiswa kwemishonga . Ndezvipi zvimwe zvitendero zvinoona nyaya dzekuberekwa nekudzivirira kuberekwa? Urongwa hwemhuri hunogamuchirwa nezvitendero kumativi ose ehutsika sehutsika hwakanaka, chisarudzo chakanaka, uye kodzero yevanhu. Zvitendero zvenyika zvinoziva kuti kuronga kwemhuri kunobatsira kuvaka mhuri yakasimba, kuchengetedza hutano hwevakadzi nevana, kuderedza mwana nekuroorwa kwevakadzi, uye kudzivirira kutora kusingatarisirwi .

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ChiKristu uye vapurotesitendi veEvangelical

Nharo dzechiKristu pamusoro pekudzivirira kuberekwa dzinobva kune dzidziso dzechechi panzvimbo pane magwaro (sezvo Bhaibheri risingatauri nezvekudzivirira kubata pamuviri). Saka zvitendero pamusoro pekudzivirira kuberekwa zvinowanzove zvakagadziriswa pakutsanangurwa kwechiKristu kwakasiyana nezvechato, zvepabonde, uye mhuri. Kubata pamuviri kwakarambidzwa nechiKristu sechipingamupinyi kune chinangwa chaMwari chekubereka chikwata kusvikira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Mapurotesitendi vezvechitendero vakava vakagadzirira kubvuma kuti tsika dzakanaka dzinofanira kubva kune hana yeumwe neumwe panzvimbo pane dzidziso dzekunze.

Vazhinji vevaKristu vakatanga kufunga nezvepabonde sechipo chinobva kuna Mwari uye simba rakanaka rinogona kusimbisa sangano rewanano kana vakaroorana vasina kunzwa vaityisidzirwa nekana yekuva nevana vaisakwanisa kutsigira. Ruzhinji rwemasangano echiPurotesitendi, vezvechitendero, uye machechi anobvumira kubata pamuviri uye angatokurudzira urongwa hwemhuri sekukosha kwetsika dzakanaka. Sezvo nezvose zvese zvemufambiro wechiKristu, zvinomanikidzira kuti nhengo dzinoshandisa kuzvidzora sekuberekwa sezvinotaurwa nehana dzavo.

Evangelical Mapurotesitendi:

Kupikiswa kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa kuri kukura mumapoka eEvangelical anochengetedza anovimba zvikuru nedzidziso dzeKaturike, saka kutonga kwekuberekwa kuchiri kukakavadzana. Vamwe vanopesana nemhando dzose dzekudzivirira kubata pamuviri pasina nguva yekudzivisa asi vamwe vanobvumira kuronga kwekuzvarwa kwepanyika asi vanopesana nedzimwe nzira. Mamwe mapoka anotsigira chero nzira ipi zvayo yekudzivirira kuberekwa kunodzivirira kubata pamuviri asi zvinopesana nedzimwe nzira iyo inochengetedza mazai anogadzirwa kubva pakuisa mukati mechibereko. Muna 1954, Evangelical Lutheran Church muAmerica yakati "kuvabatsira kuti vawedzere kuonga chikomborero chaMwari nemubairo, murume nomudzimai vanofanira kuronga uye kutonga hukama hwavo hwepabonde kuitira kuti chero mwana upi zvake akaberekerwa kubatanidzwa wavo achadiwa ivo pachavo uye hukama ne nguva yekuzvarwa kwayo. "

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Mapurotesitendi - Southern Baptist uye United Methodist

Sangano rePurotesitendi rakakura kupfuura dzose rePurotesitendi, Southern Baptist, rinotsigira kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzokuronga mhuri nevakaroorana. Dhidziso reMitemo neChristian Liberty Commission rinobatsira kuona kuti chechi inogona kuwana nzira dzekushandisa chokwadi chebhaibheri kune tsika, hutungamiri hwevanhu, uye nyaya dzekusununguka kwechitendero. Izvi zvinogadzira muenzaniso webhaibheri seurongwa kuburikidza nevaKristu vanogona kuongorora nhepfenyuro yemitemo uye yechitendero inotarisana nemhuri mumagariro ezuva ranhasi. Chechi inofunga kuti kushandiswa kwekuberekwa kwepamusoro , senzira yekugadzirisa nhamba yevana vari vaviri vane uye senzira yekuparara kwemakore evana, ichisarudzo chetsika chinosara kune umwe neumwe. Zvisinei, Southern Baptisti inotaura kuti vaviri vakaroorana vanoshandisa nzira yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri inodzivirira kubata pamuviri.

United Methodist Church:

MaMethodist, sangano rechipiri rePurotesitendi guru rehurumende, rinoparidza kuti vose vakaroorana vane kodzero uye basa pamunamato uyewo mutoro wekutora mimba maererano nemamiriro avo ezvinhu. Sangano reUnited Methodist pamusoro pekuchengetedza Parenthood rinotsanangura kuti senzira yekusimudzira zviyero zvitsvene zvehupenyu, zvose zvinogona kuitwa zvinofanira kuitwa neharaunda uye vabereki kuti vaone kuti mwana wose anopinda munyika ine muviri wakanaka uye anoberekerwa munzvimbo yakagadzirwa kubatsira mwana kuti asvike pane zvaanogona. Ndicho chikonzero maMethodisti anobatsigira rubatsiro rwehurumende uye kubatanidzwa mubasa rekuita mhuri.

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ChiJudaism

Maonero ekuberekwa kwekuzvarwa anosiyana pakati peOrthodox, Conservative, uye Reform mapazi echiJudha. Torah inokurudzira kubereka kwakakura; MaRobodhox anobvuma kuti kuva nezvibereko uye kuwedzera ibasa revarume. Asi maRabhi akawanda anobvumira kuzvitakura mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kubata pamuviri kunokanganisa zvakanyanya mukadzi. Bhuku raGenesisi rinotaura nezvepanguva yepabonde "Onan" akadurura mbeu yake pasi "( kubvisa ). Ichi chaiva "chakaipa pamberi paIshe" uye akarangwa nekufa kwaOnan. ChiJudha chinoshandisa ndima iyi kuti ione nzira dzinobvumidzwa dzokudzivirira kubata pamuviri. Nemhaka yekuti mapiritsi ekuberekwa haakonzere kusvibiswa uye haidzivisi mbeu kuti isafambire mumugwagwa wayo wakazara, iyo uye mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira kubata pamuviri inoshandiswa pamusoro pemigwagwa yekudzivirira "kupera kwembeu."

Mutemo wechiJudha unofunga nezvevana chikomborero. Saka murume angarega kurega kubereka kana kuvharidzirwa kusvikira abereka mwana. VaJudha vanochengeteka uye vanovandudza vanofunga kuti kubatsirwa nekudzivirira kuberekwa (hutano hwevakadzi, hukama hwemhuri, kana kudzivirira zvirwere) zvinotsigira murairo we "kusarudza hupenyu" zvakanyanya kupfuura kana zvikaputsa murairo we "kubereka uye kuwedzera."

Mitemo yechiJudha ye niddah (kuchena kwemhuri) haibvumiri kuti mukadzi ave nepabonde panguva yake. Kana mukadzi wechiOrthodox achida kushandisa kushandisa mimba , angasarudza nzira iyo inoderedza mikana yekuwedzera ropa. ChiJudha chinoratidzawo kuti vakaroorana vanoshandisa piritsi inosanganiswa . Pamusana pekuda, varoti vechiJudha vanoedza kuedza nguva yavo vasati varoorana kuti vaderedze mikana yekuve nayo musi wavo wechato. Izvi ndezvokuti mushure mekuroorana, vevaJudha vanenge vachangobva kuchata vanofanirwa kurega kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yega yega nguva, inozivikanwa seYichud . Yichudhi inobvumira kuguma kwemuchato uye ichidikanwa pasi pemutemo wechiOrthodox wechiJudha.

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ChiHindu

Hinduism inokurudzira kubereka mukati memuchato, asi hapana kana kushorwa kunopesana nekudzivirira kubata pamuviri . Vakawanda vechiHindu vanobvuma kuti kune basa rekuva nemhuri panguva iyoyo yehupenyu hwehupenyu. Saka havakwanisi kushandisa shanduko yekuberekwa kuti varege kuva nevana zvachose.

Mhemberero dzechiHindu dzeMutauro dzinorumbidza mhuri huru (iyo yaive yakajairika munguva dzekare). Asi, magwaro echiHindu anokumbira mhuri shomananawo aripo iyo inowedzera kusimbisa kwehana yakanaka yevanhu. Saka urongwa hwemhuri hunoonekwa sehutsika hwakanaka. Ive Upanishads (magwaro anotsanangura mazano echiHindu) anorondedzera nzira dzokudzivirira kubata pamuviri, uye mamwe magwaro echiHindu ane mazano kune izvo vaviri vanofanira kuita kuti vakurudzire kubata pamuviri (nokudaro kupa mhando yehutano hwekudzivirira).

Maonero ekudzivirira kubata pamuviri anosiyana zvakasiyana pakati pevadzidzi vechiHindu. Kunyange zvazvo Gandhi achikurudzira kuzvidzora sechimiro chekudzivirira kuberekwa, Radhakrishnan (muzivi mukuru wechiIndia) uye Tagore (munyori akakurumbira mumabhuku emazuva ano eIndia) vakakurudzira kushandiswa kwemashonga ekudzivirira kubata pamuviri . Nharo dzinofadza kuberekwa kunobatanidzwa kubva kudzidziso dzetsika dzeHindu. Dharma (dzidziso yechitendero nemitemo yevaHindu) inosimbisa kukosha kwekuita nekuda kwenyika. Vamwe vaHindu, saka, vanotenda kuti kubereka vana vakawanda kupfuura imwechete kana kuti zvakatipoteredza kunogona kutsigira kunopesana neiyo code yechiHindu. Kunyange zvazvo kubereka kunokosha, kubata vana vakawanda kudarika kunogona kutsigirwa kunobatwa sekutyora Ahimsa (mutemo usingatauri wekuzvibata).

Muna 1971, kubvisa pamuviri kwakanyoreswa muIndia, uye pane kazhinji kacho kusina kukanganisa kwacho. India ine vanhu vakawanda, saka kukurukurirana pamusoro pekudzivirira kubata pamuviri kunonyanya kuwedzera pamusoro pekuwedzera kupfuura pane tsika kana maitiro evanhu. India ndiyo nyika yekutanga yekugadzira hurongwa hwehurumende hwevanhu hunoenderana nehutano hwekuzvarwa.

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ChiIslram

Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekudzivirira pamuviri kunogona kuwanikwa mukutenda kweIslam. Nokuti kubata pamuviri hakubvumirwi pachena muKorani, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzeMuslim dzinobvuma kuronga mhuri. Asi, vamwe vanotendawo kuti kuberekwa kunorambidzwa sezvo Qur'an ine murairo weku "kubereka uye kuwedzera muhuwandu." Nyanzvi idzi dzinoti Mwari chete ndiye anogona kugadzirisa nhamba yevana iyo murume nemudzimai vachange vaine.

Mangwanani eSunni Muslim mabhuku anotsanangura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokudzivirira kubata pamuviri, uye anoratidza kuti tsika yeAzl ( kurega ) inogamuchirwa netsika sezvo yakashandiswa nemuporofita Muhammed. Sunni dzidziso nokuda kwekudzivirira kubata pamuviri inoratidza kuti chero mishonga ipi zvayo isingabatsiri kutsika inoenderana netsika yakadai seAzl saka inogamuchirwa.

Pasinei nemafungiro akasiyana-siyana, Islam inotsanangura kuti kubereka mukati memhuri ndeyemabasa echitendero, saka kune kubvumirana kwekudzivirira uye kubvisa pamuviri kubatana. Nzira dzakawanda dzechiIslam dzichabvumira kushandiswa kwekuberekwa kwepabonde apo hutano hwemamai huri nyaya kana kuti hupenyu hwemhuri hunogona kuregererwa. Kutenda kwechiIslam kunonyanya kuisa upenyu hwehupenyu hwevanhu, saka kukwanisa kupedza kuberekwa kunobvumira amai kuti vave nenguva yakawanda yekuchengeta mwana mumwe nomumwe. Munyika yeShia Islamic, kubata pamuviri hakusi kungodzidziswa kune vakaroorana, asi kunokurudzirwa kuvaduku pamwe chete. Kudzora kuberekwa kunotsigirwa nezvikonzero zvemari; inobatsira kuchengetedza upenyu hwemai uye kupa vana vake. VaMuslim vanofungawo kuti kuberekwa kwepabonde kunobatsira kuchengetedza kukwezva kwemukadzi, nokudaro kuwedzere kufara kwomuchato. Kune vakadzi vechiMuslim, kuronga mhuri ndiko zvinokosha pakupa simba ravo. Kutenda kwechiIslam kunobvumira ruzhinji rworusununguko mukududzira, izvo zvinoratidzirwa nezvakasiyana-siyana mukuronga kwemhuri kuburikidza nemapoka akasiyana echiMuslim nenyika.

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Taoism, Confucianism uye Sikhism

Uchapupu hwekuvhara pamuviri hunodzoka shure kwezviuru zvemakore muChina. Zvitendero zveChina zvinotsigira kukosha kwekuenzanisa nekubatana mumunhu oga, mhuri, uye munzanga. Sezvo kuva nevana vakawanda kwazvo kunogona kukanganisa urongwa uhwu, urongwa hwemhuri hwakave chikamu chinokosha chepabonde hwevanhu mune zvose zveTaoism uye Confucianism. Muzvitendero zveChinese, zvepabonde uye kufara kwepabonde zvinoremekedzwa uye zvinopembererwa pamwechete nekudiwa kwekuenzanisa. Kuenzanisa kunofanirwa kunziwo kunaka pakubereka. Zvichipa izvi, pane kushorwa kwechitendero kune kubata pamuviri, uye kubvisa pamuviri kunobvumirwawo.

Mukati, Taoist haisi kupesana nekudzivirira kubata pamuviri. Kudzora kuberekwa kunogadziriswa nemigumisiro yakaipa iyo inogona kuguma nekuzvitakura kusingadiwi . Confucians, kusiyana neTaoists, vanoisa zvakanyanya kufunga nezvekuberekwa kupfuura pane mufaro uye unyanzvi hwokuita zvepabonde. Confucians haasi yekutenderwa kuberekwa nekuberekwa sezvavanonyanya kufunga nezvekudziviswa chero kupi zvayo pamutemo wavo wakapiwa naMwari wokubereka. Zvisinei, ivo vachiri kutenda kuti murume nemudzimai vane basa rekuita urongwa hwemhuri.

Sikhism:

Hapana mubhuku reSikh rinoshora kushandiswa kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa . Urongwa hwemhuri hunonzwisisika hwakasimudzirwa nemunharaunda. Murume nomudzimai vanosarudza kuti vangani vana vavanoda uye vanogona kutsigira, kuti vashandise sei kana kuti vasashandise kubata pamuviri, uye rudzi rwekuberekwa kwekushandisa kushandisa. Kubata pamuviri mazano kunonyanya kukosha pane zvinodiwa nemhuri. Kunyange zvazvo maSikhs asina kukanganisa kuberekwa, havabvumirwi kuishandisa senzira yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri kunokonzerwa nekuita upombwe.

Vakawanda vechiSikhh vanoshandisa kubata pamuviri; asi, kune vamwe, kuberekwa kunobatanidzwa nekuchiva uye kunoonekwa sekuvhiringidza kune zvakasikwa zvekuzvarwa. Ikoko hakunawo mutemo wechitendero pamusoro pekubvisa pamuviri. Vamwe havasi kutsigira iyo nokuti vanotenda kuti fetus ine mweya. Asi chisarudzo ichi chinoonekwa sechisarudzo chemunhu oga.

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ChiBhudha

MuBuddhism, hapana dzidziso yakasimbiswa pamusoro pekudzivirira kubata pamuviri . Dzidziso yeBuddhist yemazuva ano inobatsira kubereka pamusoro pekudzivirira kuberekwa, saka vamwe vanozeza kupedzana nehupenyu hwekuzvarwa kwehupenyu. MuBuddhist angagamuchira nzira dzose dzekudzivirira asi asi nedhigirii dzakasiyana dzekuzeza. Zvakaipisisa zvachose kubvisa pamuviri kana 'kuuraya munhu kuti ave.'

MuBuddhism, hukama hwakanaka ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutonga mutsika. Pfungwa inobatana neizvi ndeyeBuddhism zvitendero nezvebasa remubereki. Buddhism inoparidzira kukosha kwevanhu kutarisira vana vavo, saka vanogona kukura nehupenyu hwakanaka hwehupenyu. Dzidziso dzeBuddhist, saka, sotsigira kuronga kwemhuri kwakakodzera apo vanhu vanofunga kuti zvingava mutoro wakaremera ivo pachavo kana nzvimbo yavo yekugara nevana vakawanda. Kuita kuberekwa kunobvumira vakaroorana kuronga kuva nehuwandu hwevana uye kudzivirira nhamba yakawanda yekuzvitakura. Mabuddhist anotenda kuti urongwa hwemhuri hunofanirwa kubvumidzwa uye kuti hurumende yakanaka inofanira kupa iyo masangano.

Kuderedza mapiritsi nemakondomu ndiyo nzira dzakagamuchirwa, uye mamwe maBhudha anosarudza makondomu. Maererano naMechai Viravaidya, vezvematongerwe enyika uye mutsigiri muThailand, "magwaro eBuddhist anoti vana vakaberekerwa vakawanda vanokonzera kutambura, saka bhudhidha haisi kupesana nekuronga mhuri uye isu takaguma taine madamoni vachidira mvura tsvene pamapiritsi nemakondomu nokuda kwetsvene mhuri isati yatengeswa yakaenda kumisha. " Anokurudzira vaBhudha kuti "vasanyadziswa nekondomu. Inobva pamuti weRubber, kufanana nebhokisi re tennis. Kana iwe unonyara nekondomu, unofanirwa kuve wakanyadziswa nebhokisi tennis. Pane rimwe rubha mairi. Iwe unogona kuishandisa sebhokisi, sekutenderera kwekuyoka nyoka nekucheka zvakadzama uye kushandisa mhete yekondomu seboka rebvudzi. Icho chibereko chinoshamisa. "

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Mormonism

Kuronga kwekuzvarwa hakubvumirwi zvakananga neChechi yeVatendi vaMazuva Ekupedzisira. Chechi inotenda kuti chisarudzo chaicho kana kusashandisa kubata pamuviri ndechimwe chinofanira kugoverwa nemurume, mukadzi, uye Mwari. Vakaroorana vanokurudzirwa kubatsirana sekuenzana. Kurera vana ibasa dzvene rinoswededza vakaroorana vari pedyo naMwari. Maererano neChechi yeLDS, vana ndechimwe chezvikomborero zvikuru muupenyu, uye kuberekwa kwavo mumhuri ine rudo nekukurudzira kunokosha kune zvinangwa zvaMwari zvevanhu. Apo murume nomudzimai vane simba mumuviri, vane ropafadzo uye mutoro wokuunza vana munyika uye kuvabatsira. Chechi haina kupa zvakananga maererano nenhamba uye nekugara kwevana, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwemishonga mukuronga mhuri.

Kunyange zvazvo mashoko mazhinji aripo ari kurambidza kubata pamuviri, hapana mharidzo yavose kubva kune chero muapositori achikurudzira kushandiswa kwayo. Vose vatungamiri veChechi vanoparidza mharidzo imwecheteyo: Kushandisa kuberekwa neRD kunopesana nezvinodiwa naMwari, saka kushandiswa kwemishonga hakusi kukurudzirwa zvakananga. Mharidzo iri muLDS General Handbook inosiya iyo kusvika kune vakaroorana vaviri vanosarudza. Mushure mekufungisisa uye kunyengetera, kana vakaroorana vakasarudza kuti havafaniri kuva nevana panguva ino, kubata pamuviri kunogamuchirwa (kwete kungozvidzivirira chete), sezvo Chechi inoziva kuti hukama hwepabonde hune nzvimbo inokosha mukuratidza uye kuratidzira chisungo cherudo .

Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti mhuri huru inowanikwa pakati peMormon haisi yekutadza kwavo kushandisa kubata pamuviri; chokwadi, maMormon vanogona kunge achishandisa nzira dzemazuva ano dzokudzivirira kuberekwa semamwe marudzi ose. Misiyano inogona kunge ine kuti kubata mishonga hakugone kushandiswa kusvikira mushure mekuberekwa kwevana kwakaitika kana kushandiswa nguva shoma, kuitira kuti maMormon asvike pamhuri yavo yakakura-yakakura.

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Roma Katurike nevaPresbyterian

Chechi yeKaturike Katurike inorambidza zvepabonde kunze kwekuroorana, naizvozvo dzidziso dzaro pamusoro pekudzivirira kubata pamuviri dzinofanira kunzwisiswa mukati memamiriro ezvinhu emurume nemudzimai. Katurike ndiyo chete kutenda kukuru muUnited States inorambidza kushandiswa kwemishonga. Chechi inodzidzisa kuti zvepabonde zvinofanira kuva zvose zvisingabatsiri uye zvekubereka vana, saka zvinopesana nemakemikari ese uye nzira dzekudzivirira kubata nekuberekwa uye dzinozviona dzisingagamuchirwi netsika - dzinoti nzira dzekudzivirira kuberekwa dzisingabatsiri dzinodzivisa kubereka kwepabonde, kuita kuti kubata pamuviri kutadza.

Urongwa hwemhuri dzakadai sekudzivirira nguva nenguva ndiyo chete nzira yekudzivirira inobvumirwa neChechi. Ikatechism yeChechi yeKaturike inoti zvepabonde zvine chinangwa zviviri: "kunaka kwevakaroorana pachavo uye kutumidzwa kwehupenyu (2363)." Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji veKaturike havabvumirani nekurambidzwa kwekuberekwa kwekuberekwa; Zvechokwadi, kuongororwa kunoona kuti vanenge 90% vevakadzi vechiKaturike vanoita zvepabonde vane makore ekuberekwa vanoshandisa nzira yekudzivirira kuberekwa kunorambidzwa nechechi.

Chechi yePresbyterian:

Presbyterianism inokurudzira zvakakwana kufanana kwakakwana kune zvingasarudzwa zvekuberekwa . Kutaura zvazviri, Chechi yePresbyterian yave ichirudzira mutemo unoda kuti makambani einishuwarenzi awane mari yekudzivirira kuberekwa, achitaura kuti mazano ekudzivirira kubata pamuviri ari chikamu chekuchengetedza kwehutano hwakakosha uye akanyevera kuti kutakura kusingatarisirwi kunogona kutungamirira kumazinga akakwirira ekufa kwevacheche uye kushaya vana pamuviri , uye kutyisidzira hupfumi hwemhuri. VaPresbyterian vave vachikurudzira Congress uye mutungamiriri wenyika kuti vaise huwandu hwokuronga mhuri mune chero chinangwa chekuchengetwa kwehutano munyika.

_Sources:

_{Blumenthal (2007). Kukunda Maitiro Edzidziso muKuchengetedza Kuberekwa . Baylor College of Medicine.}

_{Chibatanidzwa chechitendero chekusarudzwa kwekuberekwa (2006) Chitendero chekuona nezvekudzivirira . Dana kuJustice.}

_{Thomas (2007) Upenyu hwemhuri . The Light Planet.}