Izvo zvinorevei zvinorevei? Mune chirwere chemakiriniki chekuchengetedzwa kwemishonga uye kubudirira, kuwana kuti izvo zvakagadzirwa nedzimwe (ruzivo) "zvinyorwa zvinokosha" inzira yesayenzi yekureva kuti chigumisiro chakanga chisingaiti chakaitika nengozi. Nokudaro, mugumisiro wacho unogona kunge wakakonzerwa nemigumisiro yemishonga yakadzidzwa.
Kunzwisisa P-Maitiro
Zvechokwadi, kusvika kumhedziso iyoyo hakusi nyore sezvazvinonzwika.
Vatsvakurudzi vanowanzoshandisa nzira inonyatsozivikanwa uye yakavimbika yekuyera uye kuongororora zvitsva kubva pakudzidza kudzidza. Inonzi "p-kukosha" uye inowedzera mukana wekuti zvidzidzo zvekudzidza zvakaitika nechiitiko.
I-p-value inopa chikamu chehutano ihwohwo, zvichibva pane zvidzidzo zvidzidzo zvemigumisiro yekudzidza. Saka, kana p-inokosha iri 0.01, pane 1% inenge yakaita kuti chigumisiro chacho chikaitika nekuda kwechiitiko uye 99% mukana wekuti hausi-kuti, pane kudaro, wakakonzerwa nemigumisiro yemishonga.
Iyo yakanyanya kudonhedzwa-p-yehutano-0.05 - iyo iyo, kana p-inokosha iri 0.06, zvino inofungidzirwa kwete inowanzokosha. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana p-inokosha iri 0.04, ipapo mugumisiro wacho unoverengeka unokosha.
Chii Chinonzi "Kushushikana Kwepfungwa"?
Iwe unogona kuziva kuti shoko rokuti "null" rinobatanidzwa ne "zero." Mune rudzi urwu rwehuwandu hwekuyera, vatsvakurudzi vanotanga nokufungisisa kusiyana kwepakati pakati, semuenzaniso, mushonga mutsva uye mukuru.
Izvi zvingaita sezvisinganzwisisike sezvo vachida kuziva kana itsva yacho iri nani kune yakwegura. Asi inoshanda. Heino nzira:
Ngatitii kuongorora kwakanyatsogadzirirwa kuona kana mushonga mutsva uri nani kune wakwegura. Izvo zvisingaoneki zvinotaurwa sezvinoti, "Hapana misiyano mumigumisiro (murwere zvinogumira) pakati pemishonga mutsva X nemishonga yakakura Y." I-p-inokosha ye 0.04 iyo inoshandura ku: Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvekudzidza, pane mukana we4% kuti hapana musiyano pakati pemishonga miviri.
Zvechokwadi, izvo zvinoreva kuti kune 96% mukana wekuti pane musiyano pakati pavo.
"Chinorevei" Chinorevei? A Real-Life Muenzaniso
Kuti tishandise muenzaniso chaiwo, regai titarise kuRWADI kudzidza kwevanhu vane multiple sclerosis (MS). Ichi chidzidzo chakafananidza mushonga weCopaxone naRebif .
Chimwe chigumisiro (chigumisiro) chakadzidza chaive chakawanda nguva yakapfuura vasati vatanga varwere veSMS vadzoke shure kwemavhiki 96 ekuve mishonga. (Izwi rekutsvakurudza nokuda kweizvi "nguva yekutanga kudzokazve.") P-kukosha kwechiyamuko ichi chaiva p = 0.64, zvinoreva kuti, nokuti p-yepamusoro yaive yakakwirira kupfuura 0.05, pakanga pasina kuwandisa kwemashoko pakati pezvi nguva kusvikira kutanga kudzokera kune varwere pane mishonga. Yakatsanangurwa zvakasiyana, pakanga paine mukana we 64% kuti pakange pasina nhamba yakasiyana-siyana.
Zvisinei, chimwe chiitiko chakadzidzwa chaive nhamba yezvipembenene zvakashanda zvakaonekwa paMRI zvinyorwa zvemapoka maviri. Izvozvo zvakaitika kuti vatori vechidzidzo vaibata naRebif vaiva nevhareji ye 0.24 MS masvone pa scan, asi avo vanotora Copaxone vaiva nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvinokwana 0.41 pa scan. Muchiitiko ichi, p = 0.0002, zvinoreva kuti ichi chaive chiitiko chinowanikwa.
"Chinorevei" Chinorevei Kune Vaya Varwere Uye Vanachiremba Vavo?
Zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti "nhamba inokosha" haireve kureva kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kuchipatara chakakosha kana chinoreva kune mumwe nomumwe.
Somuenzaniso, musiyano muhuwandu hwemasaisai eE MS anoshandiswa muhutano hukurukurwa pamusoro apa muduku, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hunokosha. Saka zvichida haisi iyo chikonzero chikuru chiremba anosarudza imwe yemishonga pane imwe. Chiremba angapa zvimwe zvikonzero zvakanyanya kuwedzera mukugadzirisa kurapwa. Somuenzaniso, mishonga 'yechirwere, madhura, uye injection nguva dzose.
Zvinhu Zvicharamba Zvichengetedza Paunotarisa Chipatara Chidzidzo Chinyorwa
Sezvo iwe ungangopokana, pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvinokonzera (semuenzaniso, vangani vatori vechikamu vanoverengerwa kana kuti zvakawanikwa sei zvinogona kuenzaniswa) izvo zvinogona kukanganisa chidzidzo chechipatori chekupedzisira p-value results.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kuziva kuti p-zvigaro zvinorevei zvakakosha kunzwisiswa kuti chii icho ruzivo kubva kuchipatara chinoreva kune vanotsvakurudza, vanachiremba, nevarwere.
Verenga zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvishoma (muchidimbu muchidimbu) chekudzidza. Inogona kupa mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemishonga pane iwe unogona kuwana kubva kune imwe mutsara mutsara mune imwe chikwata chokudhinda kana bhurocha musoro.
Kunobva:
Mikol DD, Barkhof F, Chang P, Coyle PK, Jeffery DR, Schwid SR, Stubinski B, Uitdehaag BM; RARIRA Chikamu Chekudzidza. Kuenzanisa kwemukati interferon beta-1a ne-glatiramer acetate kune varwere vane relapsing multiple sclerosis (REbif vs Glatiramer Acetate mukudzokazve MS Disease [REGARD] kudzidza): a multiticentre, randomized, parallel, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Oct; 7 (10): 903-914.