Kuparadzanisa Chokwadi kubva kune Zvose Zvinonyengera
Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi matatu ekuongorora kwakaitwa epidemiological uye zvezvemagariro evanhu, mubvunzo wekuti iwe unogona kuwana HIV kubva mumuromo wepabonde unoramba uchivhiringidza kune vanhu vazhinji. Saka ngatitange kuburikidza nekuparadzanisa mafungiro kubva pane zvakaoma uye nhamba.
Kana kubvunza munhu angakwanisa kuwana HIV kubva pamuromo wepabonde, mhinduro yakatendeka inofanira kunge inogona kunge isingabviri. Kune chikamu chikuru, kutaura zvepabonde-kana mumashoko ekudonha (muromo-penile), cunnilingus (muromo-yemukadzi), kana anilingus (muromo-wakare) -sisiri nzira inoshanda yekutapurirwa kweHIV .
Nezvo izvo zvataurwa, shoko rokuti "rinogona" rinoratidzira pfungwa yevhangeri yokuti vazhinji vanoona zvakaoma kubvisa.
Theory and Documented Risk
Pese paunenge uchitaura nezvehutachiwana hweHIV, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pepfungwa yeiorete uye yakanyorwa. Dambudziko rakanyorwa rakabva kune nhamba chaiyo yezviitiko izvo HIV inogona kutaurirwa zvakananga kune chiito chekutaura zvepabonde. Uye, kana uchitarisa kuburikidza nemarara iyo, njodzi yehutachiona nehupombwe inonyanya kuderera . Kwete zero, zvichida, asi kuronga pedyo nayo.
Muzvokwadi, maererano nekuongorora kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia San Francisco's Centers yeAIDS Prevention Studie, mukana wekutapukirwa kweHIV kuburikidza nehupombwe husina kudzivirirwa hwepabonde hwaive nhamba yepamusoro, kunyange zvazvo vatsvakurudzi vakapfuura kusvika kuwedzera kuti "hatigoni kutonga mukana wekuti mikana yehutachiona yakakura kudarika zero. "
Kune mumwe munhu maonero, pane zvinhu zvakawanda uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kukura pangozi yega, dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya.
Nokunzwisisa uye kuziva zvikonzero izvi, unogona kuita zviri nani, zvakanyatsosarudzwa zvisarudzo pamusoro pehutano hwepabonde iwe nemumwe wako.
Kuona Ngozi Nehupombwe Tsika
Mikana yekuendesa HIV kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde mumuromo kunowanzoenderana nemhando yekubatana. Kuisa parutivi mamwe mungozi ose, mikana yehutachiona inogona kusiyanisa zvichienderana kana munhu asiri ane utachiona ari kuita kana kugamuchira zvepabonde mumuromo.
Kunyanya kutaura, njodzi inogona kuenderera kubva kune zero kusvika kune imwe muzana, maererano nekutsvakurudza kubva kuLondon School of Hygiene uye Tropical Medicine. Zvisinei, nhamba idzodzo dzinogona kuchinja kana iwe uchinge waita maitiro ehupombwe.
Pakati pavo
- Kuyeuka fallatio , zvinoreva kuti munhu asina hutachiwana ari kuita zvepabonde mumuromo kune mukomana ane HIV neHIV, inofungidzirwa kunge ine ngozi yakanyanya. Pakati pevaSododiscordant mazano (apo mumwe munhu ane HIV isina kunaka uye imwe yakanaka), zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti njodzi iri kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro pezana rimwechete pamusoro pehupenyu hwehukama. Pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) , iyo yega-yega inopinza ngozi kune inenge 0.04%.
- Ini nsertive fallatio ("kutora bhujob") hazviwanzopi zvayo inopiwa kuti ma enzymes mumateya anokwanisa kupedza chero zvishoma zviduku zvevirusi zvinogona kuvapo. Kunyangwe nemateva ane tsvina-ropa, panofanira kunge kune chiitiko chakanyorwa chekutapukira kwechirudzi ichi.
- Cunnilingus yakaratidzawo kuti inenge isingakanganisi nzira yakapiwa yokuti hakuna kumbobvira yakanyorwa nyaya yemukadzi kana mudzimai wayo kuwana HIV mushure mokunge agamuchira kana kupa muromo-zvepabonde.
- Anilingus ("rimming") inotaridzirwa seyekushaya njodzi, kunyanya kune mudiwa anogamuchira. Zvakare, pakange kusina nyaya dzakataurwa dzekuwana HIV kana mushure mekugadzirisa munhu ane HIV.
Kunyange zvazvo nhamba idzi dzichiratidza kuti njodzi yeHIV yakaderera kubva pane vanhu vanoona, iyo haifaniri kureva kuti inongova yakaderera kubva pane imwe pfungwa. Zviri pachena, pane ngozi yakawanda yaunayo, hurukuro yekuwedzerwa ichave
Zvimwe Zvimwe Ngozi Dambudziko
Zvichida chinhu chimwe chete, chinonyanya kukosha mukugadzirisa mukana wehutachiona hutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana. Zvichinyatsojeka, iyo yakakwirira yehutachiwana hweHIV , hukuru hwehutachiona kana munhu wacho. Kusiyana neizvi, mutachiona husingaoneki wehutano hunofananidzwa nehuwandu husina hanya.
Kune zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa ngozi inogona kuitika:
- Kuzvinyima panguva yekuita zvepabonde nemuromo kunonzwisisika kuva riskier kupfuura kutaura kwepabonde pasina kunyora, kunyange pasina humwe uchapupu hwokuti kuvharidzira ndiyo chete inokonzera utachiona.
- Kucheka, kubvisa kana maronda mumuromo wemunhu kunogona kupa nzira yekufambisa. Kumugumo uyu, hutano hwakanaka hwemeno hunofanira kuonekwa kuti hubatsire kuderedza chirwere chechiropa chechiropa uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemuromo.
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde zvinotapurirana zvepabonde, zvakadai sedhiphilis uye gonorrhea, zvinogona kukonzera zvironda zvekuonda kana kuparadza mishonga yakaoma mucosal yemukadzi kana anus. Zvirwere zvakadai sezvizvi zvinowanzoenda zvisingaonekwi, kunyanya kana zvikauya mumutsipa, mumadzimai kana kuti rectum.
- Zvironda kana zvironda zvinokonzerwa neHIV zvakadai se candidiasis kana herpes simplex zvinogonawo kukanganisa kuchena kwemukati nemuromo nehuro. Nokutora utachiona hutachiona hweHIV, hutachiwana hwehutachiona humwe uye hwemuromo hunogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.
- Kuwedzera kweHIV mumadzimai emadzimai kunogonawo kuwedzera panguva yekuenda kumwedzi semasero anotapukira HIV anoteurwa kubva mumuviri. Izvo zvinogona kuitika kana munhu akawana urethritis, kuputika kwakanyanya kunogona kuwedzera kukonzerwa kwehutachiona kunyange kune vanhu vane kumwe kusingaoneki kwehutachiona hwehutachiona.
Nzira Dzokugadzirisa Njodzi
Zviri pachena, nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza ngozi yekutapukirwa ndeyokuita zvepabonde zvakachengeteka . Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana iwe unowanzoita zvepabonde vakawanda kana usina chokwadi nezvehutano hwehutano hwepabonde. Izvi zvinosanganisira makondomu nemazino emeno kune avo vanoita cunnilingus kana anilingus.
Pane dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuderedza kuderedza ngozi.
- Kana iwe une HIV, kutanga nekuchengetedza kuratidzira kweraretroviral therapy kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi yekuparadzira utachiona kune vamwe. Iyo nzira, inozivikanwa semushonga sekudzivirira (TasP) , yakaratidzwa kuderedza ngozi yekutengesa zvepabonde pakati pevashandi vevasodiscordant ne 96%.
- Kana iwe usina HIV, unogona kukumbira chiremba wako kuti ataure kuti HIV inotanga kuitika (proeplax) prophylaxis (PrEP) , kamwe chete-zuva remishonga yemishonga inogona kuderedza ngozi yako yehutachiwana nepamapfumbamwe kubva muzana.
- Nguva dzose kuongororwa kweHIV kunokurudzirwa kune vanhu vari pangozi yakawanda yehutachiona, kusanganisira MSM, injecting drug user s, uye vanhu vane vazhinji vanoita zvepabonde. Periodic STD screenings inokurudzirwa zvakare.
Pakupedzisira, kukurukurirana kwakafanana nekudzivirira kwenguva refu kweHIV. Pasinei nokuti une HIV-kana kuti haina HIV, zvakanyanya kukuvadza zvinobva pakusiya zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzira dzekukurukura zvepabonde zvakachengeteka kana kuti ungazivisa sei hutachiona hweHIV kune umwe munhu waunenge uchifambidzana naye.
Sources:
Baggaley, R .; Muchena, R .; uye Boily, M. "Kugadziriswa kwehutano hwehutachiona hweHIV-1 hunoitika." International Journal of Epidemiology. 2008; 37 (6): 1255-1265. DOI: 10.1093 / ije / dyn151.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Zviratidzo Zvinokosha: Kudzivirira Utachiona kuburikidza nekuchengetedza uye kurapwa - United States." Kuipa uye Kufa Kwemavhiki Gwaro (MMWR). December 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
> Woods, L .; Chahroudi, A .; Chen, H ;; et al. "Oral Mucosa Immune Environment uye Oral Transmission yeHIV / SIV." Immunol Rev. 2013; 254 (1). DOI: 10.1111 / imr.12078.