Ndiani ari pangozi yakakura?
Kuendesa nekuwana kweHIV kubva kunhengo dzepabonde kune yakakwirira mumamiriro ekudzivirira kondomu, pasi pevakadzi nevarume. Kunyange zvazvo njodzi inowanzova yakakwirira pakati pevakadzi nekuda kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehutachiona (hunosanganisira hukuru hwemasiki muhutu hunogona kuputsa HIV), varume vari pangozi nezvose kubva kune zvirwere zvepabonde zvakaparadzana (maDDS) kusvika kune dambudziko rekudzingiswa kuwedzera pangozi iyo.
Dambudziko rekutengesa muvakadzi
HIV inogona kuwanika muropa, semen, pre-seminal fluid ("pre-cum"), kana kuti vaginal fluid yemunhu ane utachiona. Chigadziko chemukadzi chinogona kubvarura uye kubvumira HIV kupinda mumuviri, pamwe nekuwana mukana weHIV kuburikidza nehutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona uye chibereko chechirwere chivepo.
Kana utachiona hweHIV huri pachena kune hutachiona, utachiona hwemunharaunda hunorwiswa nemasero emunondo ekutanga, kusanganisira masero macrophage uye dendritic. Kushandiswa kwemasero aya kunobatsira kugadziriswa kubva mumuviri wezvirwere mumuviri umo masero ezvidziviriro anozvidzivirira, kusanganisira CD4 neCD8 T-seli , zvinokurudzirwa kurwisana. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvekuti CD4 masero ayo anonyanya kutarirwa neHIV nokuda kwehutachiona. Kana izvi zvikaitika uye kudzivirirwa kwemitsara yekutanga kusingagoni kuva nevasviki veHIV, kuzarura kunowedzera kupfuura kungofanirwa. Iyo inova utachiona.
Kutengesa Ngozi Mumarume
Kuburikidza nehurume pane zvimwe zvingangova nehutachiwana hweHIV kupfuura mudzimai wake wepabonde, HIV inogona kupinda kana kuburikidza neurethra (mukova uri pamucheto wepenis) kana kuburikidza nekucheka maduku kana maronda akazaruka pachirume.
Uyezve, varume vasina kudzingiswa vanowanzova vanotambura neHIV pane varume vakadzingiswa . Ikoko yebhakitiriya iripo pasi pepamberi inogona kubudirira nekuda kwemamiriro emvura. Mune maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira anotarisa kuburikidza nekukonzera kudzivirira kwekudzivirirwa kwemasimba ekuchengetedza zvirwere kuti uchengetedze utachiona huripo.
Zvakare, zvinoshamisa, CD4 masero anogona kudanwa kumiganhu yekutanga yekudzivirirwa, zvichiita kuti kutapura zvive nyore.
Zvirwere zvepabonde
Zvirwere zvepabonde zvinotapira zvinoshanda zvishoma kana zvishoma nenzira imwechete. Kunze kwezvironda zvehutachiona zvakasununguka zvinogona kuita kuti nzira iri nyore kupinda mumaropa (kubva kuDDS sa syphilis kana herpes simplex ), zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzera kupindura kwemuviri mune mishonga, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kwekutapurirwa kweHIV kana kuwana zvimwe zvingaitika kana pasina HIV .
Kudzivirira HIV Kuendesa
Kana ukasarudza kuita zvepabonde, shandisa kondomu yekupedzisira kuti udzivirire iwe newawakaroorana naye kubva pangozi yeHIV nedzimwe zvirwere. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kondomu yakakonzera inobudirira chaizvo kana yakashandiswa zvakanaka uye nguva dzose. Kana mumwe munhu aine chirwere chinonzi allergic kusvika ku latex, mapurasitiki (polyurethane) makondomu emurume kana mukadzi anogona kushandiswa. (Ngwarira makondomu emakwayana akasaiti kudzivirirwa kubva kune HIV neDDS).
Uyezve, varoorana vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya HIV neyekuwedzera maitiro ekudzivirira:
- Munhu ane hutachiwana hweHIV, murume kana mukadzi, anofanira kuiswa pamishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuti agone kuregererwa kwechirwere kuti zvionekwe . Kana izvi zvikaitika, mungozi yekuendesa kune mumwe munhu asingabatanidzi inogona kuderera kusvika kusvika 90%. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekurapa kweHIV sekudzivirira (TasP) .
- Vose vasina HIV, musikana kana mukadzi, vanogona kutora utachiona hwekutanga hweHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), pepiritsi yezuva rimwe nerimwe inogona kuderedza dambudziko rekuwana HIV kubva kune 70-90%. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekushandisa sei Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) .
Sources:
Liu, C .; Nzara, B .; Tobian, A .; et al. "Kudzingiswa Kwevarume Kunoshamisa Kunoderedza Kuwanda uye Mutoro weGenital Anaerobic Bacteria." mBio. February 15, 2013; 4 (2): e00076-13.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Zviratidzo Zvinokosha: Kudzivirira Utachiona kuburikidza Nekutarisirwa uye Vanorapwa t - United States." Kuipa uye Kufa Kwemavhiki Gwaro (MMWR). December 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Nhungamiro yeChirongwa cheVachipatara vachifunga nezvekushandiswa kwePreexposure Prophylaxis yekudzivirira hutachiwana hweHIV muHeterosexual Active Adults." Kuipa uye Kufa Kwemavhiki Gwaro (MMWR). August 10, 2012; 61 (31): 586-589.