Kutarisa mishonga yemishonga inorwisa zvirwere uye zvirwere zvavanorapa
Mavirusi ane zvirwere zvepracticlular zvinosarudza masero emasere kuti aite. Penguva yekuberekwa, mavairusi anoparadza masero uye anoenderera mberi kuti aparadze mamwe masero.
Munguva dzema1950, achitsvakurudza maitiro ekurapa kwekenza, masayendisiti akawana makemikari maitiro anogona kudzivisa kudengenyeka kweDNA. Munguva ye1980 ne1990, mushure mechiito cheHIV chakava dambudziko, mishonga yemishonga inorwisa maitiro yakagadziriswa patsva.
Nhasi, mishonga yemishonga inorapwa inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakawanda.
Kuti uve nehutano, mushonga wemishonga inorwisa mishonga unofanirwa kutarisa kana hutachiona hwekuvhara kana kubuda kana kuputira nehutachiona apo uri mukati memusero. Mishonga yeAntiviral inofanirawo kunge yakajeka kuitira kuti isasakonzera kushandiswa kweutachiona. Uyezve, mishonga yemishonga inorwisa mishonga inofanira kuva yakasimba uye yakasimba.
Heano tsanangudzo pfupi yemamwe mishonga yemishonga inodhaka ino inowanika.
Antiviral zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa herpes simplex virus (HSV) uye varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Iyo mitatu mikuru inoshandiswa kurapa herpes simplex (herpes) uye varicella zoster mavhesi ari acyclovir, valacyclovir, uye famciclovir. Varicella zoster virus inokonzera zvose chicken pox mushure moutachiona hwehutachiona uye shingles (herpes zoster) mushure mokutadza kana kupora zvirwere.
Zvose zvitatu zvemishonga iyi zvakachengeteka uye dzine nzira dzakadaro dzekuita. Semuenzaniso, vose vanoshanda nekusunga kuhutachiona hweDNA polymerase, enzyme inoshandiswa kudzokorora utachiona hweDNA.
Nyaya, nokuti valacyclovir (Valtrex) uye famciclovir inosvika pakuwedzera kweropa, izvi zvinodhaka zviviri zvinobudirira pakurapa shingles.
Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa marwarita emagetsi (papillomavirus yevanhu)
Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa pakurapa zvipembenene zvemuviri zvinosanganisira:
- Ribavirin iyo inoshandiswawo kurapa kuporesa syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis kana pneumonia uye (zvishoma nezvishoma) fenza
- (Nyaya dzemashoko) imiquimod
Antiviral zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa chirwere (chirwere)
Fluenza inowanzokonzera chirwere mukati mechando. Nenzira yakanaka, tine zvirwere zvinopa hutachiona hwemwaka. Zvakakosha kuwana gore rako rose chirwere chinoputika nokuti dzimwe nguva chirwere chinogona kuva pneumonia, uye dzimwe nguva pneumonia inogona kuuraya-kunyanya pakati pevana nevakwegura.
Zvinodhaka zvakadai seTamiflu (oseltamivir) uye zanamivir (Relenza) zvinogona kushandiswa kudzivirira zviratidzo zvehutu uye kuderedza nguva yeurwere. Mukuwedzera kune zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira chirwere chekurwara kana chirwere chepachirwere, panewo mishonga inoshandiswa nemishonga yemagetsi mushure mekutapukirwa nehutachiva kusanganisira amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, uye zanamivir,
Antiviral zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zve cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Utachiona hweKytomegalovirus hunowanzoitika kune vanhu vanorwara zvikuru (fungidzira kusagadziriswa kwakaitwa neAIDS kana kuiswa muviri). Kufanana ne varicella-zoster virus, inokonzera herpes zoster (shingles), vazhinji vedu tinoshandisa cytomegalovirus, asi hutachiona huchagadzirisa chete kana maune masimba ehurumende ari kupera.
Mune avo vakatove vakarwara zvakanaka, zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwegytomegalovirus zvinokanganisa zvirongwa zvakawanda zvemuviri uye dzinosanganisira:
- retinitis
- esophagitis
- colitis
- brain and spinal cord (CNS) utachiona
- pneumonitis
Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kubata chirwere che cytomegalovirus zvinosanganisira valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, uye cidofovir. (Pamusana pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiwana, kushandiswa kwevigganciclovir kwakashandura ganciclovir.) Sezvimwe zvinodhaka zvekare, zvinodhaka zvekare zvinoshandiswa kurapa cytomegalovirus mune chikamu chesvina nemavhesi evirusi yakafanana neDNA uye RNA polymerase.
Antiviral zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa hepatitis
Mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inorwisa antiviral inoshandiswa kurapa hepatitis B uye hepatitis C. Zvizhinji zvezvinodhaka izvi zvakananga hutachiona hutachiona hwekubereka kusanganisira:
- nucleoside uye nucleotide analogs
- protease inhibitors
- polymerase inhibitors
Interferon, zvichida mishonga inowanzobatanidzwa nekurapwa kwehupatachi hutachiona, inoshanda nenzira dzakaoma dzinosanganisira kurwisa maitiro, zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri, uye zvinopesana nemaitiro.
Antiviral zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa HIV
Mumakore makumi matatu adarika, pakange pave nekuvandudzika kukuru mukurapa kwekutapukirwa kweHIV, uye vamwe vanhu vane chirwere ichi vari kurarama AIDS. (AIDS ndiyo yakanyanya kuipa yehutachiwana hweHIV inowanikwa mushure mokunge mazinga emasero matsvuku eropa muropa anowira zvine ngozi pasi.)
Kune marudzi akawanda emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya:
- protease inhibitors
- fusion inhibitors
- nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- kwete nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- entry inhibitors
- HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)
Iyi mishonga inotarisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwekudzoka kwehutachiona. Yezvinyorwa, retroviruses inopindura nenzira yekushandura zvakasiyana.
Ndapota cherechedza kuti urongwa uhwu hahuna huwandu, uye kune mamwe mimwe mishonga inobata zvirwere zvehutachiona. Nekuenzana kwakananga, nzira dzekuita dzakanyanya kuoma kupfuura zvataurwa pano. Pane kudaro, ndapota fadzwa ichi chinyorwa sechinyorwa pamusoro.
Sarudzo Sources
Elston DM. Chitsauko 231. Antiviral Zvinodhaka. Mu: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. eds. Fermpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Yakasvika musi waJuly 01, 2015.
Safrin S. Antiviral Agents. Mu: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015 Yakasvika muna July 01, 2015.