Zvakatarisana nezvipingamupinyi mukugadzirwa kwechirwere chetachiona cheHIV , masayendisiti akaisa pfungwa huru mumakore achangopfuura pakuziva zviratidzo zvekuzvidzivirira zviratidzo zvinogona kubatsira muviri kurwisa, kana kunyange kudzivirira, utachiona hweHIV.
Uchapupu hwekuita izvi hune simba. Isu tatoziva, somuenzaniso, kuti pane ganhuro revanhu vanonzi vatungamiri vemauto vanoita sevanogona kutarisa utachiona pasina kushandisa madhiragi.
Mukucherechedza zvakanyanya kune vanhu ava, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuparadzanisa zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa.
Mukuru pakati peiyi ndiwo rudzi rwezvirwere zvemumune zvinonzi zvakanyanya neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) , iyo inowanzoonekwa muvatongi vakuru uye, kusiyana ne "zvinowanzo" zvirwere zvekare, inogona kukonzera kukasiyana-siyana kwehutachiona hweHIV .
MunaNovember 2016, masayendisiti neNational Institutes of Health vakatsanangura kuwanikwa kweBNAb itsva, inonzi N6, iyo yakakwanisa kuponesa 98 muzana yehutachiona hweHIV mune zvekare. Iyi inoveli yomuviri wechirwere, yakasarudzwa kubva kune HIV yakareba, yakanzi yakapetwa katatu pakuuraya muHIV pane iyo ipi zvayo inozivikanwa bNAb.
Kunzwisisana Kwakanyanya Kusagadzirisa Antibodies
Zvirwere zvepamuviri zvinonzi mapuroteni akafanana neY akabudiswa nehutachiona hwezvirwere kuti abatsire kurwisa zvirwere-zvinokonzera zvirwere zvakadai sebhakitiriya kana mavairasi.
Kazhinji, vazhinji vanogadzirirwa kurwisana nemhando imwe yepathogen uye imwe pathogen yoga-mamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa kuti HIV inoramba ichichinja uye inokwanisa kudzivisa kuonekwa nokusava nekunzwisisika kumunhu anodzivirira anodzivirira.
Kusiyana neizvi, bNAbs inokwanisa kutarisa utachiona hwehutachiona kunyange iyo inofadza uye inochinja, ichiratidza hutachiona kwete nehutano hwakarongeka asi neyakagadziriswa pamusoro pehutachiona (inonzi CD4 kusunga nzvimbo), izvo zvisingakwanisi kuchinja.
Kunyange zvazvo bNAb inowanzowanzobatanidzwa nekutonga kwakanaka, ivo, zvechokwadi, vachakurira mune vanhu vose vane HIV, kunyangwe pane zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mune vatungamiri vakawanda vevakuru, kuvapo kweBBB kunofungidzirwa kusina mhosva, zvinoreva kuti varipo panguva yekutachiona. Mune vasiri vamiriri vese, bNAbs inowanzoonekwa mukati memakore maviri ekutapukirwa kwekutanga, panguva iyo hutachiwana huchabatanidza mumasero uye masukisi anonzi latent reservoirs , apo acharamba akavanzwa kubva pakuzivikanwa kwekudzivirira muviri.
Masayendisiti ikozvino anotenda kuti kana akakwanisa kukurudzira masimba ekudzivirira zvirwere kuti aite bNAbs "zvichidiwa," vangave vakakwanisa kudzivirira utachiona kana kuderedza chirwere chechirwere, pasina kana pasina rubatsiro rwemishonga.
Iyo Nhoroondo Yemazuva Ese Inoshandisa Neutralizing Antibodies
Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti akatanga kutanga kuzivisa bNAbs kumashure kwema1991, kwaingova muna 2009 kuti vanyori vakawanda vanobudirira vakanyatsocherechedza vachina vatsvakurudzi. Pakati peiyi makanga mune VRC01, bNAb iyo yakanga yakasarudzwa kubva kune mumwe murume weAfrica uye yakaratidzwa zvakare kuti irege kukonzera 90 muzana yehutachiona hweHIV-1.
VRC01 inoshanda nekubatanidza kumunda weCCD4 kusunga panzvimbo yehutachiona, kudzivirira HIV kuti irege kupinda munjodzi yekuchengetedza masero.
Mhuka dzokutanga dzekuongorora kuongorora VRC01 dzakaratidza chivimbiso, nemashizha akajowa nezvirwere zvinoratidzira kurwisa kwehutachiona kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Miedzo yevanhu, zvakasiyana, yakanyanya kunyadzisa. Chidzidzo che 2016 kubva kuAIDS Clinical Trial Group chakaratidza kuti kuvhiringidzika kweVRC01 kwakagadziriswa, panguva yakanyatsorambidzwa, haina kuita zvishoma kuti varatidze kurwariswa kwehutachiwana muvatori vechikamu avo vakanga vabviswa pamishonga yavo. Injisi dzakawanda dzakanga dzisingakwanisi kuvandudza pamigumisiro iyi.
Kuwanikwa kweN6 mushonga weN6 kunofungidzirwa kuve pakati pevaya vanoiona mutsigiri wechisikigo weVRC01, zvose mumararamiro ayo ekuberekwa uye simba.
Uye kune uchapupu hwakasimba hwokutsigira maonero aya.
Pamberi peN6, vazhinji vatsva veBNAb vangave vakawandisa zvikuru asi zvinyoro-nyoro (sezvazvakanga zvakaita nyaya neVRC01) kana zvakanyanya zvikuru asi zvishoma. N6 inowanzoonekwa, kunyanya muhutano husati hwaitika, kuti ibudirire pamativi ose, kusagadzirisa 98% ye181 maitiro akasiyana-siyana eAIDS (kusanganisira 16 kubva ku20 maitiro ekuzvidzivirira kune mamwe maBNAB ekirasi yacho).
Zvakawanda zvekubudirira kwazvo zvinogona kuve zvakarongeka sechirongwa chechirwere chechirwere chechirwere, chinochibvumira kuchengetedza makodhihydrate "mhirizhonga yemasuo" iyo inodzivirira mamwe mabBB kubatana nehutachiona.
Ko N6 ichazarura Dhivanho kune chirwere cheHIV here?
N6 inofanira kunge yakakwanisa kugadzirisa migumisiro yakafanana mumatambudziko evanhu, ingadai iine yekutanga muongorori akabhadhara kusiyana kwehutachiona hweHIV, zvose pamunhu uye muhuwandu hwevanhu.
Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti hazvizogadziri zvipingamupinyi zvakafanana zvakaonekwa pakutanga kweVRC01 miedzo, iyo inonyorera inoculation yakaneta yakakundikana kudzokorora kubatsirwa kwekutonga kwevakuru. Saizvozvowo, pane humwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti tinokwanisa kukurudzira masimba ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kuti atange ma antibodies aya ari oga, zvishoma nezvakawanda zvakaringana kuti zvionekwe kuti zvinodzivirira.
Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru zvinotarisana nevatsvakurudzi ndezvekuti kuiswa kweumwe chete bNAb kwakaratidza kuti kwakaoma zvikuru. Kazhinji kutaura, apo masayendisiti anoedza kupinza mhinduro, muviri unopindura nemhinduro inopesana, iyo inonyatsopedza simba. Zvechokwadi ndiyo nzira yomuviri we "kuisa mabheki" pachirwere chemuviri chekuzvidzivirira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti hachibatsiri (sezvinoitika nezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira ) kana kuti zvisingabatsiri (sezvinoitika nemaune immune suppressive disorders).
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinotambudza ndezvivako zvisingabatsiri umo HIV inogona kuramba yakadzivirirwa kubva pakuonekwa kwemakore nemakumi emakore. Dambudziko nderokuti: kutanga kwekupararira kwehutachiona kunogona kushandiswa neBNAbs; Izvo zvakavanzwa kunze mumagetsi emakamuri hazvigoni. Inongova "kukanda" HIV pasina kuvanza kuti bNA mabhidhiro yekuita chirwere chisingaperi, chinopisa. Iyo nzira yakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirirwa, inowanzozivikanwa se "kurova-kuuraya," nhasi inonzi inonyanya kukosha pakati pekutungamirira boka rekutsvaga HIV.
Remangwana reBNAb Research
Pasinei nokuti masayendisiti anogona kukunda chero chezvipingamupinyi izvi hazvifaniri kuonekwa. Zvatinonyatsoziva ndezvokuti N6 iri kure kupfuura mamwe maBBab ano ari kuongororwa, zvose muhupamhi hwayo uye neutralizing.
Pamusana pekuita kwayo, N6 yaizoita kuti ive yakakosha kupfuura VRC01 apo inogona kukwanisa kuiswa mujasi subcutaneously, kwete ne IV. Uyezve, kukwanisa kwayo kubvisa zvese zvinokonzera utachiona hweHIV zvinoreva kuti inogona kushandisa senzira yekuvirira nekudzivirira utachiona.
Kunyange zvazvo mumwe achida kusvika kune tsvakurudzo nemashoko ekuchenjerera, pamapepa iyo yose inoratidzika kunge ichivimbisa. Chikamu chinotevera chaizowedzera ku vivo mhuka, zvichida kutanga pane imwe nguva kutanga kwegore ra2017.
Zvichakadaro, miedzo miviri yeChikamu II inotanga kutanga muna 2017, ichiongorora kushandiswa kweVRC01 sechimiro chekudzivirira HIV (inowanzozivikanwa seHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, kana PrEP ).
Maitiro makuru evanhu achaona kana VRC01 inogona kupa chidziviriro chekudzivirirwa pakati pevanhu vane HIV-vasina kupa zvirwere zviviri zvekuvhiringidza. Yokutanga ichaitika munzvimbo 24 muBrazil, Peru, neUnited States, nekunyoresa varume 2 700 uye transgender vanhu vanoita zvepabonde nevarume . Wechipiri achawana vakadzi 1 500 muBotswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, uye Zimbabwe.
> Sources:
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> Chun, T .; Sneller, M .; Seamon, C .; et al. "Chiitiko cheKukanganiswa Kwekusavhiringidzika Kwevanhu Vasingaoneki VRC01 nezveHIV Plasma Rebound." Musangano weRevroviruses uye Mikana Yakasangana (CROI); Boston, Massachusetts; February 22-25, 2016; Conference abstract 311LB.
> Eroskin, A .; LeBlanc, A .; Mavhiki, D .; et al. "bNAber: database yepamusoro yekutapukisa maitiro." Nucleic Acid Research. January 2014; 42 (Dhiyabhorosi Nyaya): D1133-1139.
> Kuzvipira kweHIV kwakaedzwa Network (HPTN). "HPTN Studies: Chidzidzo Chekudzidza - HVTN 704 / HPTN 085 uye HVTN 703 / HPTN 081." Washington, DC.
> Huang, J .; Kang, B ;; Ishida, E ;; et al. "Kuzivikanwa kweCD4-Binding Site Antibody kune HIV yakaswedera pedyo-Pan Neutralization Breadth." Kusurukirwa. November 15, 2016; 45 (5): 1108-1121; DOI: 10.1016 / j.immuni.2016.10.027.