An antibody , anozivikanwa seye immunoglobin, inonzi protein yakasikwa Y yakavigwa nemamwe marudzi emasero eropa ane simba rekuona zvirwere (infective agents) zvakadai semavirusi uye mabhakitiriya. Iro mazano maviri e "Y" anokwanisa kuvhara pane imwe pathogen kana kuti inotapurirwa sero pane chinangwa chakasiyana chinonzi antigen (inozivikanwawo sean antibody generator).
Mukuita kudaro, an anti-antiplate anobudirira anoratidza pathogen yekutengesa, kana nokuiuraya kana kuidzivirira kupinda mune imwe sero ine utano, kana nokuisa zviratidzo zvepurotesiti yakawedzera kuti inopoteredza uye kuparadza muvengi muitiro inonzi phagocytosis [kubva kuAkare Greek kuti " kudya "(phagein) uye" sero "(kytos)].
Zvirwere zvinoshandiswa nemasero machena anonzi B-lymphocytes, kana B-masero. Munguva yekusununguka (asati aberekwa) nematanho ekuberekwa (nechecheche) mahara, zvirwere zvinotapurika kubva kuna amai kusvika kumucheche kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kunonzi kutora mishonga. Kubva ipapo, mwana achatanga kuzvimiririra achibereka zvirwere, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwema antigen (kushandiswa kwemagetsi) kana sechikamu chemuviri wezvirwere zvemuviri (innate immunity).
Vanhu vanogona kubudisa marudzi anopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi ezvirwere, umwe neumwe achidzivirira kune imwe rudzi rweAntigen. Shanduro yekuchengetedza antigen-inosungira pane anoropi iyo inonzi paratope inowanikwa pazano re "Y" uye inovhara pane imwe nzvimbo inowanikwa pane antigen inonzi epitope.
Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yeparatope inobvumira maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri kuti aone kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kweantigens.
HIV Antibodies uye Antigens
Kana hutachiona hweHIV hukaitika, zvirwere zvinotaridzika zveHIV zvinokonzerwa nekuteerera maantigen mukati mevhiki kana maviri ekutsvaga. Mishonga inokonzerwa nehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana: p24 antigen, iyo inowanzotanga kuonekwa; uye gp120 uye gp41 antigens, izvo zviri zviviri zviri kuwanikwa pamusoro pehutachiona.
Kana kamwe utapukirwa, zvirwere zvinoramba zvichirarama hupenyu uye zvinopa chinangwa chetachiona cheHIV antibody (inosanganisira kuwanikwa mune zvekutengesa zviri mumba-kuedza ). Chizvarwa chechina chezvizvarwa zvinoshandiswa zvino zvinokwanisa kuona zvose zveAIDS antibodies uye p24 antigen, kupa hurumende, kusimbiswa kwakakwana kwehutachiwana hweHIV.
Sources:
Janeway, C .; Travers, P .; Walport, M ;; uye Shlomchik, M. Immunobiology, 5th Edition - Immune System mu Utano uye Kurwara. 2001; Garland Science; New York City; ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "June 18, 2010, Kubvumirwa Tsamba - ARCHITECT HIV Ag / Ab Combo." Silver Spring, Maryland; yakabudiswa musi waDecember 22, 2009.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA inobvumira kutanga kuongororwa kuongororwa kwekuona kuti HIV-1 antigen neHIV-1/2 antibodies." Silver Spring, Maryland; shanduro yakabudiswa musi waAugust 8, 2013.