Arthritis Inogona Kuguma Apo Simba reMusununguko Rinotyisa
Chii Chinonzi Immune System?
Mune masimba ehurumende ishungurudzo yakaoma yemasero, masukisi, uye nhengo dzinoshanda zvakabatana kudzivirira muviri kurwisana nevatorwa vokunze. Kunyanya, avo vanopinda kune dzimwe nyika ndivo michina inogona kukonzera utachiona (mabhakitiriya, zvipembenene, kana fungi). Mune masimba ehurumende anobatsira kuchengetedza vatorwa vokunze kunze kwemuviri, kana kana vakapinda mumuviri, kuti vawane uye nokuaparadza.
Simba reMusunungurire Rinoshanda Sei?
Mune masimba ehurumende anoshanda seinoyevedza yekukurukurirana. Apo muvengi anopinda kunze anopinda mumuviri, maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvemasimba anorambidzwa. Panguva iyoyo, maune masimba emasero anoshandiswa uye anotanga kubudisa makemikari ane simba. Masero omusununguko anotaurirana nekubata zvakananga mumuviri kana kuti vanogona kutaura nekusunungura makemikari anotumwa.
Ganda rinoshanda sechikonzero chekutanga chekupinda mishonga. Vasviki vanogona kupinda mukati kuburikidza nekucheka kana kuputika muganda, kunyange zvakadaro. Zvinyorwa zvekudya uye zvekuputira zvinogonawo kuva nheyo dzekupinda kune dzimwe nyika asi ivo, zvakare, vane zvigaro zvekudzivirirwa kune vanopinda (semuenzaniso, mukoko mumhino, kufuridzira kana kunyura kuti varambe vachipinda mumhino nemapapu, mudumbu rinoparadza vanopinda mumatumbo). Kana zvipembenene zvinopinda mukati mezvipingamupinyi izvi zvekutanga, zvinotofanira kuzviita kuburikidza nemadziro ezvokudya, kupumhidza, kana kuti mauroreti kuti uwane masero epasi.
Ndima idzi dzakabatanidzwa nemasero epithelial akavharwa mumusara wekumuchesi kubatsira kubvisa kutakura kwevavengi kuti vapinde mukati memasero.
Iko mucosal pane nzvimbo inogadzirisa IgA, kazhinji kacho rudzi rwekutanga rwechirwere chinosangana nehutachiona hunopinda. Pasi pe epithelial layer, masero ezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira macrophages, B masero, uye T masero, kumirira vaparidzi vanogona kupfuurira mberi kwezvipingamupinyi zviri pamusoro.
Pave paya yapfuura, varwi vanofanira kubva vasvika kunze kwekudzivirirwa kwevanhu vazhinji kwema innate immune system (patrolling phagocytes, maseru anouraya T, uye kubatsiridza). Kana vapambi vacho vachiita kuti zvipfuura zvidziviriro zvese, zvinosangana nezvombo zvakasarudzwa zvemuviri wemagadzirirwo emagetsi, zvikuru ma antibodies uye masero eT ane zvikwata zvinotungamirira kune zvinangwa zvavo.
Ndeipi Basa reMasero Emunodzivirira?
Mune masimba ehurumende ane boka remajeri paakagadzirira (kusanganisira lymphocytes uye phagocytes). Kunyange zvazvo mamwe masero omusununguko anorwisa vose vanopinda, vamwe vanodzidziswa kuti vatarise pane zvinongororwa chete. Masero ose omumunondo anotorwa kubva kumusana wemadziro emasero mumapfupa emapfupa. Izvo zvisingasviki masero, mukupindura kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvektokines nemamwe mapikicha emakemikari, inova maune immune masero (T cells, B cells, kana phagocytes).
B masero uye T masero ndiwo marudzi e-lymphocytes. B masero anovhara zvirwere mumvura yemuviri. Zvirwere zvinorwisa zvirwere zvinopinda kune dzimwe nyika (kuita seantigens) zvinowanikwa dzichifamba mumvura dzomuviri asi zvirwere hazvigone kupinda masero. T, masero, kune rumwe rutivi, ane zviputi zvakadai semaspirin-seyakagadziriswa pamusoro penzvimbo iyo inoona zvikamu zveantigens pamasero ane utachiona.
T masero anokwanisa kutungamirira uye kutonga mafungiro emusana, kana anogona kurwisa zvakananga maswere anokonzerwa kana ane kenza.
Mapogocytes masikati masero machena anotya varwi vekune dzimwe nyika kana dzimwe nyika. Monocytes inorudzi rwepagogote inopararira muropa. Apo monocytes inopinda mumasukisi, inoshanduka kuva macrophages. Sezvo macrophage, vanokwanisa kubvisa muviri wekare masero nemarara. Macrophage zvakare inogona kuratidza bits zvekunze kweanorgen kuti inokwezva kufanana kwe-lymphocytes. Vanowedzerawo zviratidzo zvemakemikari izvo zvinokosha kuti zvirwere zvemuviri zvirunge. Granulocytes, mast cells, platelets, uye masero e-dendritic anewo basa rinokosha mukudzivirira kwezvirwere zvemuviri.
Immune system masero anotaurirana pamwe nekusunungura nekupindura kune makemikari vatumwa, vanozivikanwa se cytokines . Ma cytokines, anosanganisira interleukins, interferons, uye kukura zvinhu, mapuroteni anovanzwa nemasero ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kuita pane mamwe masero, achiita kuti zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa mumuviri zvirwe kune vanobva kunze kwenyika.
Kusurukirwa Kunofanira Kuchengetedza Utano Hwakanaka
Kunyange zvazvo takazivisa kuti maitiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirirwa mumuviri anotichengetedza sei kubva kune vakadzingwa kune dzimwe nyika uye mugumisiro wehutano, kurwara kwekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere kunokosha mukudzivirira chirwere pamwe chete. Kushushikana kwepachivirimu kunotsanangura kuti T kana B lymphocyte dzinoremekedza sei muviri wemhuka dzomukati dzichitsvaga vatorwa vokunze. Kushushikana kwepachimviriro kunokosha kuti kudzivirira maitiro ezvirwere mumuviri asazvidzivirira masero emuviri.
Kana muviri wechirwere chemuviri usina kukwanisa kushanda zvakanaka, muviri unobereka masero eT uye ma antibodies anorwisana nemaantigen mumasero ayo uye masukisi, mune mamwe mazwi, achizvidzivirira pacharo. Kana izvi zvikaitika, masero ane utano uye maviri anokanganisa, uye chirwere chemoto chinogona kukura. Rheumatoid arthritis uye lupus mienzaniso yezvirwere zvisingagumi . Kunze kwehupenyu hwemagadzirirwo ega, masimba ezvirwere zvezvirwere anokwanisa kuve nemhosva yezvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere, zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri, uye zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere.
Sources:
Immune System. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. December 19, 2011.
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Immunity and Immunological Diseases. Primer paRheumatic Diseases. Klippel J. Mapeji 94-97. Yakabudiswa neArthritis Foundation. Rudzi rwechitatu.