Iwe haufaniri kuwana chirwere kubva kuwedzerwa ropa.
MuUnited States, vanopa ropa uye ropa ravo zvakanyatsorongedzwa kuti zvirege kudzivirira kutapurirwa.
Hapana chakakwana, asi njodzi dzakaderera. Zvirwere zvitsva, zvirwere zvisingawanzopfuura zvinogona kudarika kufunga - kana kuti labori haisi yakakwana.
Pane ropa rakapiwa muUnited States gore negore. Mamiriyoni 9,5 anopa ropa.
Ndiyo inenge 1 mu33 vaAmerica gore roga roga. Mamiriyoni mashanu anogamuchira kudarika kwemamiriyoni 14 pagore.
Munyika yose, kwete ropa rose rakaedzwa pamwe chete ratingadi. Maererano neHIV, mugore ra2012, nyika 39 dziri kuedza kuongorora zvipo zvose zvinokonzerwa nehutachiwana hunokosha (HIV, Hep B, Hep C, syphilis) uye inenge hafu yezvipo munyika dzisina mari yakawanda dzinoongororwa mumabhandi ane unhu hwehutano, zvinoreva kuti pane kuedza kuve nechokwadi kuti zviitiko zvebazi zvinotarisirwa kuva zvakarurama.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinoedzwa?
MuUnited States zvirwere zvinotevera zvinongororwa neongororo dzinotevera:
- Mabhakitiriya - Bhakitiriya Mutsika
- Hepatitis B - Hep B surface antigen uye core antibody
- Hepatitis C - Hep C antibody uye nucleic acid amplification test (NAT)
- HIV - HIV-1 neHIV-2 anti-nucleic acid kukurudzira (NAT) yeHIV-1
- HTLV - HTLV-I uye HTLV-II antibody
- Sirifi - Anti-treponemal (syphilis) antibody kuona
- Virus yeNew West - NAT yeWest Nile Virus
Ropa rakaedzwa nokuda kweChagas kuburikidza neTrypanosoma cruzi antibody test. Kune vamwe varwere ve CMV-negative (immunocompromised or transplant patients) ropa rakaongerwa CMV.
Babesia, chirwere chinokonzera chirwere, chimwe chezvirwere zvinowanzopfuura kuburikidza nekuonekwa muUnited States sezvo kuedza kusingawanzoitiki.
Inogona kurapwa nyore nyore kana ichiongororwa uye zvirwere zvinowanzova zvinyoro. Zvimwe zviitiko - zvinomiririra nhamba shomanana yekuwedzerwa - zvakaitika uye ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa inokonzerwa nehuwandu hunouraya hunobatanidza nehutachiona hwekuwedzerwa ropa.
Ndezvipi zvipo zvinorambidzwa?
Iko kune mibvunzo yakawanda yekuongorora kuvhara vapeereri pangozi yehutachiona hunogona kuraswa neropa.
MuUnited States, vatsigiri vanofanira kumirira kuti vape ropa kana vane fivha, vari pamishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana kurapwa kweTB, munguva pfupi yapfuura vaiva nechirwere chepenyu (MMR - Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Chicken pox, Shingles, Yellow Fever, Polio, Hepatitis B, Chibhokisi). Vaya vakasungwa kana kuvharirwa mujeri, jeri, vasungwa vanosungwa nemaawa 72 vanofanira kumirira gore rimwe chete kuti vape.
Iwe unoda kumirira kana mugore rekupedzisira, wave uine gonorrhea kana syphilis, kuwedzerwa ropa, kana kuti tattoo mune imwe yezvizhinji zvematongerwo enyika izvo zvisingatungamiri kushandisa mavara.
Ropa harina kuongororwa marariya. Iwe unoda kumirira makore matatu kana iwe wakarapwa kune malariya kana wakararama makore mashanu kana kupfuura mune imwe nzvimbo ine malaria. Iwe unoda kumirira gore rimwechete kana wakamboenda kunharaunda ine malariya.
Ikokowo kune mvumo kune varume vakamboita zvepabonde nevarume, izvo zvino zvinogadzirisa kupa ropa kune avo vasina kumboita zvepabonde mugore rapera.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti varume vanoita zvepabonde havabvumirwi nemirayiridzo yeDDA kuti vape ropa kana vakaita zvepabonde nemurume mugore rapera.
Iwe haugone kupa ropa kana iwe wakambotanga kushandisa madhiragi kunze kwechirongwa chechiremba, wakashanda mubasa rekuita zvepabonde, kana kuti wakava nemumwe wevamwe vezvikwata zvakanyanya kune ngozi yeHIV.
Kuti udzivise CJD, vabatsiri havabvumirwi kutora chirwere chesvini kana kuwedzerwa ropa kubva kuUnited States. Iwe haugone kupa ropa kana iwe wakagara mu UK kubva muna 1980-1996 kwemwedzi mitatu haugone kupa, kana vaigara kune dzimwe nheyo dzeuto dzeUnited States muEurope kwemwedzi 6, kana muEurope kubva muna 1980 kwemakore mashanu.
Ropa rezvipo harigone kuitika kakawanda. Nopa ropa rega rega mazuva makumi mashanu nemaviri, maplatelet mazuva ose manomwe (kusvika kune makumi maviri nemaviri pagore), plasma mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere (kusvika kusvika 13 nguva pagore)
Chii Chinonzi Ngozi?
Ngozi yeHIV inenge 1 mu2 mamiriyoni.
Ngozi yeHepatitis B inenge 1 muna 200,000 (Tora vaccinated!)
Ngozi yeHeptitis C inenge 1 mu 2 mamiriyoni.
Iko kwagara ichitinetsa kuti Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere (vCJD) - kana Mad Cow Disease - ichapararira neropa. Izvi hazvina kumboonekwa, asi kuchenjerera, avo vangave vakaratidzwa (avo vaigara munzvimbo umo Mad Cow Disease iri kupararira mumhuka) haabvumirwi kupa ropa.
Icho Chirwere Kana Ndichinzwa Ndakarwara Sezvandiri Kuwana Ropa Here?
Chaizvoizvo, kune maitiro akawanda kuropa izvo zvisingabatanidzi nezvirwere. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa sezvirwere asi zvirwere zvenyu zvemagunha zvinopindirana neropa idzva, kwete kune mabhakitiriya, virusi, chirwere chepachivi, kana zvimwe zvirwere.
Vakawanda vane kugadzirisa kweropa kune rimwe ropa kana kune chero zvikamu muropa - kusanganisira mishonga kana zvokudya (zvakadai sezvo zvinogona kuwanikwa nemakungu anodyiwa nemupi).
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro inosanganisira
- fever
- chills
- chivara cheganda
- nausea
- kukurumidza kutsva mwoyo, kupera kweropa
- kunetseka kufema
- kunzwa kunetseka
- chifuva kana kurwadziwa shure
Izvi zvinogona kuva zvinyoro. Izvi zvinogonawo kunge zvakakomba. Iva nechokwadi chekuudza mukoti wako kana chiremba pakarepo kana uine zviratidzo izvi. Kugadzirisa kunogona kutarisirwa nevashandi vehutano.
Pane zvimwe zvingaita zvakare. Ikoko kunogona kugadzirisa kuropa, kunyanya kana kuenzaniswa kweropa kwakanga kusina kukwana. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti muviri uparadze masero eropa, zvichikonzera hemolysis kana kubuda kwemasero matsvuku eropa. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya (Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction) kana kunonoka (Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction kana Delayed serologic kuwedzerwa ropa). Ikoko kunogonawo kuva nekukuvara kwemapapu (kuwedzerwa-kuwirirana kwakagadzirwa nemapapu kukuvadza) uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita.
Wakave Iine Utachiona Here?
Ropa harisi nguva dzose iri rakachengeteka. Kuongorora kutsva kwakashandura izvi. Nyaya yekutanga yeHIV yakaparidzwa kuburikidza neropa yakaonekwa muna 1982. Muna 2001, inofungidzirwa, vanhu 14 262 vave neAIDS pamusana pekuwedzerwa ropa. Dzimwe nyika dzakanonoka kuongororwa kunyange kwenguva yakareba - kuedzwa kwakanga kusina kukwana muJapan neGermany zvakare mushure mokunge dzimwe nyika dzakatanga kuchengetedza ropa risina HIV.
Hapana munhu akambowanikwa ane HIV-2 kubva kuwedzerwa ropa muUnited States. Ropa rakaongororwa chete nemasikirini, kwete nehutachiona pachayo nokuti hutachiona hahuna huwandu muUnited States. Vane 4 vopa ropa vakambove vawanikwa vane HIV-2 kubva muna 1998.
Ikoko panewo maitiro eWest Nile Virus (yakatanga kuziviswa muna 2002) uye Chagas inoparidzirwa nekuwedzerwa ropa munguva yakapfuura.