HIV Munyika Yose - China

Kubudirira Kwepasi Dzekare Kwazvo uye Maonero Azvo neHIV neAIDS

China ndechimwe chekare-kare mararamiro munyika. Nzira yavo yehupenyu yakavakirwa pane tsika uye chiChinese tsika. Ko tsika inotarisana nemakore 6 000 inotarisana nehosha yakavapo makore makumi matatu apfuura here?

China - Dhiyabhorosi

Heano mamwe maonero pamusoro peChina:

• iri muEastern Asia
• nzvimbo, ndiyo imwe yenyika huru munyika yose, ine nzvimbo inenge mamiriyoni 9,6 makiromita (zvishoma pasi peUnited States)

• huwandu hwevanhu vanenge 1.3 mabhiriyoni, iyo inofanana ne20 muzana yenyika yose yevanhu
• rakagadzirwa nemapoka emadzinza anotaura mitauro yakawanda nemitauro
• hapana hurumende inozivikanwa yechitendero asi chitendero chenyu uye masangano ezvitendero anobvumirwa
• Zvitendero zvekutanga ndezveBuddha, Taoism, uye Confucian
• Tsika dzekare dzakadzika dzakadzika dzinopa hwaro hwechiChina tsika

Chimiro cheHIV muChina

Heano mamwe maonero pamusoro peHIV neAIDS muChina:

• saJanuary 2006, iyo "hurumende" inofungidzira ndeyokuti vanenge 650 000 vanhu vari kurarama neHIV uye 75 000 vanogara neAIDS. Nyanzvi kunze kweChina dzinotenda kuti nhamba chaiyo yakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo inotsigirwa nehurumende yeChina.

• kune inofungidzirwa makumi manomwe evanhu vatachiona hweHIV uye 25 000 kufa kweAIDS gore negore

Izvo zvikamu zvakanyanya zvehutachiona hweHIV zvakaoma kuongororwa nekuda kwehurumende yemigwagwa. Hurumende dzenharaunda pamwe chete dzine hurumende dzehurumende dzisingadi kuisa nhamba yakaoma pachirwere nokuda kwekutya kusarura uye kushorwa.

Vagari venyika vanoziva kuti HIV ndeyekuzeza kuuya mberi kuti vaongorwe kutya kwekudzorera kana vakawanikwa vachiita zvakanaka. Vanhu vakawanda havaongorori nokuti vanoziva zvishomanana kana kuti havana kana nezvekuvapo kweHIV. Inofungidzirwa kuti 17 muzana yevagari veChinese havazivi HIV.

Nhamba yezvipatara zveHIV kumaruwa inenge isingakwanisi kuenzanisa zvakarurama. Kushayikana kana kusavapo kwekushandisa zviedzo uye nhamba shomanana yevadzidzi vanoongororwa vanoita kuti kuongororwa kwakaoma zvikuru. Nharaunda dzekumaruwa dzeChina dzakapfuma zvikuru uye dzidzo shoma. Avo vanoziva nezve HIV havana kuongororwa pamusana pekunyadzisa kunobatanidza nehutano hunoonekwa.

Nhoroondo yeHIV muChina

MuChina, chirwere cheHIV chakatanga zvishoma pakati pe1980. Nhamba shomanana yezvirwere zveHIV yakaongororwa kuti inowanikwa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Vakuru vechiChinese vakataura kuti kupararira kune vatorwa vakabva kune dzimwe nyika uye vadzidzi vechiChinese vachidzoka kubva kudzidzira pasi pose. Hurumende yeChinese yakatumira nyevero yepamusoro yevakadzi vechiChinese kuti varege kuita zvepabonde nehurumende inonzi "vatorwa vokune dzimwe nyika" nokuti vanogona kutapukirwa. Zvichinyorwa, China yakanzwa kuti HIV ndeyeimwe dambudziko reumwe munhu.

Hurumende yepamutemo inotarisana neHIV yaiva iyo ngozi kune China yakanga isinganyanyi kukosha. Utachiona hweHIV hwaifungidzirwa kuti huri hutano hwehupombwe uye hurumende yakanzwa kuti kuChina, ungochani uye "zvepabonde zvisina kukodzera" yakanga iri dambudziko rakanyanya.

Kutanga pakupera kwemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe uye ekutanga kwema90, utachiona hweHIV hwakabva huchiita sechinetso chiri kukura pakati pevashandisi vezvinodhaka.

Kunyange zvakadaro, hurumende yakanzwa kuti HIV yakanga iri "chirwere chekuMadokero," sekuda kwavo dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka. HIV yakanyorwa kuti "chirwere chechigodhi" uye chimwe chekuti China yakanga isiri chikamu che.

Asi kubva pakati pemakore ekuma 90 kusvika pakutanga kwe2000, HIV yakatanga kupararira munzvimbo dzose dzeChina. Chikonzero chetambudziko rakapararira rakadaro rakagadzirirwa kuva ropa risina kuchengeteka.

Hurumende yeChinese yakabvumirana nekutengeserana kwekutsvaga ropa munzvimbo dzeChina. Kunyange zvazvo paive nemitemo munzvimbo yekusimbisa hutano, vazhinji vezvivande zvekuunganidza zvivako vanocheka makona kuitira kuti vawedzere mari yavo. Maitiro avo ekuunganidza akajekesa zviuru zvevanhu kune HIV.

Zvombo zvekuunganidza zvakashandiswa nguva dzose kune vatachiona vakawanda uye ropa rakaunganidzwa kubva kune vanoverengeka vakapa rakaparadzaniswa. Vakuru vehurumende vakaparadzanisa nhengo dzeropa vaida uye vakadzokorora zvakare zvakasara zveropa rakakonzerwa zvakare kuva vapei, vachidaro vachibudisa pachena vanopa HIV, hepatitis C nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotakura ropa.

Pakazosvika gore ra2000, rakapiwa zvikuru neropa risina kuchengeteka, nhamba yeHIV inokonzerwa nehurwere, ichiita kuti hurumende yeChina isimudzire chirongwa chekusava nehutachiwana cheHIV nekuramba.

Tsika Yokuita Zvepabonde

Sezvakataurwa, zvakawanda zvechiChinese tsika zvinovakirwa pamitambo yekare. Imwe tsika yakadai ndeyekuita zvepabonde uye kusarura kune vakadzi. Kuita zvepabonde kunowanikwa musangano uye mumwe nomumwe. Zvakanaka uye zvakaenzana zvekutariswa kwevakadzi zvinopesana netsika netsika dzezvitendero. Kuita zvepabonde kwakadzika midzi zvokuti dzidziso dzakawanda dzinobvunza mubvunzo unofungisisa, "vakadzi ndevanhu vose"? Vakawanda vanobvunza mubvunzo kana varume nevakadzi vane maonero akanaka.

Kunyange mumanzwiro ehupfumi, kuita zvepabonde kwakazara. Vakadzi vanoonekwa semakwikwi evarume vashandi. Kuita zvepabonde kwakatowedzera kusarudza kuva nevana. Chiito chekusarudza kubvisa pamuviri kwevakadzi ndeyechiito chakajairika zvokuti chiyero chevana vacheche kuvana vacheche chiri kuwedzera. Kuita zvepabonde kunokanganisa huwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV kuburikidza nekuraira kuti vanhu vakadzidziswa sei nezveHIV uye vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pekuita zvepabonde zvakachengeteka.

Peji mbiri inokurukura uyo ane hutachiwana, hutachiwana hwekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV, uye kuti ndeupi hutano hweHIV huripo.

Ndiani Akabatwa?

Sezvinowanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, HIV yakabva kune chirwere chevanhu vari mumapoka mashomanana akakonzerwa nehutachiwana kune chirwere chinowanika kune vose vanogaramo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mapoka aya akakwirira anokonzerwa nehuwandu hwenyika.

• IV Vashandisi Zvinodhaka - Munyika umo inenge nhatu kubva muzana yevagari varo vashandisi vezvinodhaka vana, vanhu ivavo vanoverengera vanenge makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvehutachiona hweHIV. China ine zero kushivirira mitemo yezvinodhaka zvinoreva kuti ani naani anobatwa achishandisa zvinodhaka anofanira kuenda kumubatanidzwa akaiswa mujeri remishonga yekuvandudza. Mumwe angafunga kuti nzvimbo yakadai ingava nzira yakakwana yekudzidzisa nezveHIV. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvehutachiwana hweHIV neAIDS sechikamu chekugadzirisa zvinodhaka kwave kuri kunonoka. Kudzivirira mharidzo kwave kusinganisirwa kune mashomanana mapepa anotsanangura njodzi yeHIV uye kudzivirira.

• Ropa Products - Pasinei nezvinetso zvose neChina chinopa ropa munguva yakapfuura, hurumende inoramba ichirambidza kutengeswa kwemishonga yeropa. Zvivako zvekupa ropa zvinotungamirirwa nebatsiro, zvichireva kuti vazhinji vezvitoro vanocheka makona kuti vawane mari yakawanda, kunyange kana zvinoreva kuputsa mutemo. Inofungidzirwa kuti anenge 10 muzana yehutachiona hutsva huripo kubva kune utachiona hweropa. Enzanisa izvozvi kuUnited States, uyo ane hutachiwana hwehutachiwana kubva mumitambo yeropa yakabviswa, uye iwe unonzwisisa dambudziko guru rakasvibiswa neropa riri muChina.
• Vashandi vepabonde - Dambudziko rinowedzera reupfambi muChina rinowanzofadzwa nehupfumi hwenyika. Ufeve haubvumirwi nomutemo muChina nehurumende inotsigirwa zvivako zve "rehab" zvevakadzi ivavo vakabata mari vachitora zvepabonde. Zvisinei, nzvimbo dzekugara dzinodzidzisa huipi hweupfambi uye kwete hutano hwehupombwe hwekuti hupombwe hunoisa kune vakadzi vanobatanidzwa. Kushandisa kondomu kwakajeka. Vakadzi vakasungwa nokuda kwekutakura makondomu, vanofungidzirwa kuva chiratidzo cheupfambi. Nemhaka yeizvi, vashandi vepabonde havawanzoiti kushandisa kondomu. Izvi zvakabatana nehutano hwemhando dzepabonde zvinogadzirisa vakadzi vazhinji kuti vasatungamirire mune zvekuita zvepabonde zvakachengeteka.

• Varume Vanoita Zvepabonde Nevarume (MSM) - Kunyange zvazvo ungochani hahuri pamutemo, inotyisa. Icho chisarudzo chinoderedza kuwanikwa kwehutano hwehutano hwakachengeteka uye dzidzo yeHIV. Varume vanoita gay vanonzwa kuti hapana nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekuti vataure nezvezvipingamupinyi uye zvinetso. Varume vanorara vanokurudzirwa kuti vadzivirire ungochani hwavo nekuroora vakadzi. Vakawanda vanoita asi vanoramba vachiita zvepabonde zvisina ngozi nevamwe varume, vachiisa madzimai avo pangozi yakawanda kana vachiita zvepabonde mukati mewanano. Kunyange zvazvo MSM isingagoni kuverenga nhamba yakawanda yezvirwere zveHIV iye zvino, inenge hafu ye MSM yose inoita zvepabonde isina kuchengeteka, saka nyanzvi dzinotya izvi zvichaita kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwenhamba ye HIV itsva nokukurumidza.

• Miganhu - China vane mamiriyoni 120 vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanofambisa zvikuru, vachifamba munyika yose uko basa rinotora. Izvi zvinoita kuti vaonekwe neHIV. Kuenda kunzvimbo itsva, dzisina kujairika, vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanozeza kuwana hutachiona hweHIV kana pane. Vanogona kufamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo uko makondomu ari nyore kana kuti zvakaoma kuwana. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vari varume vasina kuroorwa vasina varume. Mari yavanowana inokosha uye dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pamishonga nemishonga kuitira kuti varwise kusurukirwa kwekuve mumugwagwa. Varume ivavo vakaroorana, vadzoka kubva kunzvimbo dzavo uye nzvimbo yavo madzimai avo pangozi nekuita zvepabonde zvisina ngozi navo mushure mekuita zvepabonde zvisina ngozi mumugwagwa.

Kurwisa kweHIV

Kwete kusvika muna 1998 China yakave nenyika, nguva refu yekurwisa HIV. Pfungwa yekondomu yakashambadzirwa yakaderedzwa nehurumende yeChina mushure mokunge mutambo waitamba kamwechete pane muterevhizheni weterevhizheni muna 1999. Makondomu aionekwa semashandisirwo emagetsi echechirwere neChina State State of Industry and Commerce uye akadziviswa kubva kune airwaves. Izvozvo zvakaramba zvichiripo kusvikira muna 2001 apo Chinese Ministry of Health yakagadzirisa makondomu se "maikirwo emishonga" panzvimbo pezvinhu zvepabonde. Kunyange zvakadaro, makondomu haasi chikamu chinogamuchirwa cheChina chakanyanya, hachikwanisi uye hachina kunaka.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura yakaudzwa kuti kudzingiswa kunogona kuva nzira inobatsira yekuderedza ngozi yekutapurirwa kweHIV.

Kutenda ndechokuti kudzingiswa kunogona kuva sarudzo yakanaka kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seChina dzine zvishoma zvokushandisa kupa kondomu dzidzo nekuparadzirwa. Zvisinei, imwe nyaya iri muChina Daily yakashuma kuti vakuru vakuru vakanga vasina kutengeswa pamigumisiro yekudzingiswa uye vaisazobvumirana nemutemo.

Dzidzo yekudzikisa njodzi uye mapurogiramu ekutsinhanisa nenyuchi iri kuwedzera kuChina. Hurumende yeChinese yakarayira kuti dzidzo yeHIV neyekuedza kuziva zvaifanira kutungamirirwa kuvanhu vose mukuedza kuchinja kusarura uye kushorwa. Muna 1998 China yakavimbisa kutanga chirongwa cheHIV mune zvikoro asi kusvikira nhasi hapana chirongwa chakadaro chiripo.

Mapoka makuru ehutambudziro anoramba achiitwa zvipembenene zvehutachiona hweHIV. Varume veGayan havana hutiziro kubva mukusarura, vachivhiringidza zvikuru nemabasa ekudzidzisa vanhu. Makirasi anoda kufambisa kana kutanga mishandirapamwe yehutachiwana hweHIV inoshuva kuita kudaro nokuda kwekutya kukuvadza zvakanyanya mufananidzo wavo wevanhu.

Hurumende yeHIV Care

Pasinei nekukura kweHIV, vashomanana ndivo vanogona kuwana hutano hwakakosha hweHIV. Hurumende inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemitambo yemishonga yemishonga yeHIV; zvisinei, izvi zvakawanikwa zvakasara uye zvehurombo hwakanaka. Kune avo vane ruzivo rwemishonga iyi, migumisiro yacho inoshamisa zvakanyanya kudarika zvinyorwa zvepamutemo, zvichiita kuti kuomerera kunetseke. Pakazosvika 2004, vanhu vanenge 12 000 vaitora utachiona hweHIV nguva dzose.

Hurumende yakatanga izvo zvichiti Four Frees uye One Care Policy . Icho chiitiko chinosanganisira:

• Kusununguka kunofanirwa kumaruwa uye mune zvemari kunetseka munzvimbo dzomumaguta.
• Kuongororwa kweHIV pasina mazano uye kupa mazano.
• Mishonga yakasununguka kune vakadzi vane pamuviri vane HIV.
• Chikoro chesununguko chevana vasina nherera neHIV neAIDS.
• Kutarisirwa kweHIV uye rubatsiro rwezvemari kune avo vanogara neHIV.

Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yacho yakanaka, ichiita kuti ichokwadi ndeye kure kure.

_Sources:

_{Kanabus, A .; "" HIV / AIDS muChina "; Avert.org; 10 Feb 2007.}

_{Li, Chenyang ;; "Sage uye yechipiri." Zvepabonde: Confucianism Ethics uye Gender. " Vhura Dare 2000 . 17th. Shanduro; Chicago 2000.}

_{Dhipatimendi reUnited States .; "Chikamu Chinozivikanwa: China"; Washington DC: 01 Jan 2007.}