Kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki, kuedzwa kwekuedza kunogona kudzivisa kukwana
Kunyange zvazvo mukana wenhema wenhema uye wenhema usiri hutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV huri pasi, dzimwe nguva hunoitika. Zvavanoita zvinonyanya kutungamirirwa nezviitiko zvakawanda, kusanganisira rudzi rwekuedzwa runoshandiswa, kukwana kwemichina yekuongorora ikozvino, uye kunyange nguva iyo kuedzwa kwomunhu kuchiitwa.
Nhasi, nhamba dzisina kururama dzehuwandu hweUnited States dzakapoteredza 0.003 muzana, kana katatu kubva pane zviyero zve 100 000.
Nhema dzenhema dzakaderera-dziri pakati pe 0.0004 muzana uye 0.0007 kubva muzana - nemhaka yemuitiro wekutanga maitiro akanaka anotsigirwa nechipiri chekuedzwa.
Nhema Nemaonero Nezvakaipa Nhema
Nokutsanangurwa kwayo yakafara, chikonzero chakanaka chakanaka ndechimwe chisingatauri munhu asingagoni kutapukirwa neHIV seAIDS. Kusiyana naizvozvo, zvakaipa zvenhema ndeye izvo zvisiri izvo zvinoratidza munhu ane HIV.
Kuongororwa kweHIV kunoshanda nekuona HIV inopesana nemaviri muropa kana mumata. Zvirwere zvepamuviri zvine mapuroteni akafanana neY akabudiswa nehutachiona hwekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere kuti abatsire muviri kurwisa vatorwa, vakadai seHIV.
Nokudaro, mune chikonzero chenhema-chisingaiti, muedzo unokundikana kana haukwanisi kuona ma antibodies ane HIV. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kwete nekuda kwekuedzwa pachako, asi nokuti munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV anoedzwa nguva isati yasvika panguva inonzi " window window ." Iko panguva iyi iyo maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere hazvina kubhadhara HIV zvakakwana kuti zvirambe zvichinyatsoonekwa nekushandiswa kwemazuva ano.
Kusiyana neizvi, inhema inonyanya kuitika apo kuongororwa kweHIV kusina kururama kunoratidza munhu asina HIV-anti-anti-HIV semunhu anopesana neHIV. Pane imwe nguva isingaiti kana izvi zvichiitika, kazhinji nokuti maantigen akafanana neaAIDS anowanikwa. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekudzivirira muviri, zvakadai se lupus , zvakave zvichizivikanwa kuti zviite saizvozvo.
HIV Kuongororwa Kururama
Munharaunda yakawanda, muyero wezvakaipa zvenhema uye zvipo zvenhema zvinonyanya kugadziriswa nekunzwisisika uye kunyanya kwekuedzwa kunoshandiswa. Muchikamu chekuongororwa kweHIV:
- Kunzwisisa kunotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwehupo hwechokwadi hunofanirwa kuonekwa saizvozvi. Nhamba dzezasi dzekunzwisisa dzinofanana nezvakawanda zvisiri izvo.
- Kunyatsorondedzerwa kunotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwemhosva yezvokwadi iyo inowanikwa zvakadai. Nhamba yepamusoro yehuwandu inofananidzwa kune dzimwe dzakaipa zvenzira.
Ikozvino chizvarwa chekuongorora HIV chinonzi chakarurama chaizvo. Ropa-based HIV ELISA rine kuratidza kunzwisisika kwepakati pe99.3 kubva kune 99.7 muzana, ine ruzivo rwepakati pe99.91 muzana uye 99.97 muzana. Kana ichibatanidzwa neWestern blot, izvi zvinoshandura kune imwechete yenhema kubva kune miedzo yose ye 250,000 muhuwandu hweUnited States. Zvitsva, chizvarwa chechina chinoshandiswa kuongororwa , izvo zviongorori zveHIV antibodies and antigen, zvinonzi zvine kliniki inonzwa senhamba ye 99.9 muzana.
Ropa-Kubva / Kuramba Muchirevo
Iko kunotsvaga kuongororwa kweHIV kwakave kwakakurumbira mumakiriniki ezvehutano uye, munguva pfupi yapfuura, se-over-the-counter, in-test test. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zviyero zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvinoratidzika zvakajeka kune izvozvi zvevane-blood-based partner, vane zvikamu zviviri kubva pasi kunzwisisika.
Kunyange zvazvo kururamisa kwezviedzo izvi kuchiri kuonekwa sepamusoro, US Food and Drug Administration yakarondedzera kuti vazhinji seimwe yevamwe gumi vari mukati-mimwe miedzo inoenda kumusha inobereka chikonzero chakaipa chenhema.
Zvidzidzo zvakazvimirira zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwekushandisa (semuenzaniso kukwana kusagadzikana) uye kuongorora nguva isati yasvika ndizvo zvinonyanya kuipa mhosva, kunyanya sezvo huwandu hwemishonga inowanikwa mumatehwe inonyanya kuderera mushure mekunge utachiona huchangobva kuitika. Pasinei nezvikanganiso izvi, CDC inobatsira kushandiswa kwemukati-kuedza kwekuAmerica nekuda kwekugona kwavo, nyore nyore kushandiswa, uye kugona. Zvinowanzonzi senzira yekuwedzera kukugamuchirwa kwekuongororwa kweHIV mumharaunda yakasarudzwa apo vazhinji vanenge 21 muzana yehutachiwana vanoenda kune vasingazivikanwi.
Paunotora HIV mumba, unogona kuderedza dambudziko rekukanganisa kwenhema kuburikidza ne:
- Kutevera mirairo yemuumbi wekugadzira uye kutaurirana nekutengesa kwevatengi kana zvigumisiro zvikasanzwisisika.
- Kuvimbisa kuti hausi kutora muedzo kare kare. Vanhu vanowanzokura maitiro ehutachiona hweHIV mumazuva makumi matatu ekutapukira, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva inogona kutora nguva yakareba-kusvika kumwedzi mitatu mune dzimwe nguva.
- Kurapa mhinduro yakaipa yemuromo nekuchenjerera kana iwe uchitenda iwe uri pangozi yakakura yehutachiona.
Kana usina mubvunzo pamusoro pemigumisiro yako yemu-musha kana usina chokwadi kana kusunungurwa kwave kuchiitika, funga kudzokazve mumavhiki mashomanana kune imwe nzvimbo inotenderwa kuongororwa neHIV pedyo newe. Iwe unogona kuwana imwe kuburikidza uchishandisa nzvimbo iri kuIndaneti paHIV.gov.
Shoko Rinobva
Muchiitiko chekuti wakave wakarangarirwa neHIV, kana kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa, kugoverana nesero, kana kuti kondomu yakaipisisa, enda pakarepo kuchipatara chako chaipo kana kuti mukamuri rekukurumidzira kuti uwane kurapwa kunonzi post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) , iyo inogona kuvhara utachiona kana yakatanga munguva pfupi mushure mekutsvaga.
Kana ukangosvika, iwe uchapiwa kuedza nokukurumidza kuti uone kana iwe une HIV kana kuti usina HIV. Kana iwe usina HIV, iwe uchapiwa hurumende nzira mbiri kusvika katatu mishonga inorwisa maitiro ehutachiona ayo waunoda kutanga pakarepo uye kutora vhiki ina.
Chero chaunenge uchiita, usamira. Kunyange zvazvo PEP inogona kutanga nemaawa 72 ekutsvaga, inofungidzirwa ichishanda kana yakatanga mukati maawa 24 ekutanga.
> Sources:
Malm, K .; von Sydow, M .; uye Andersson, S. "Kuitwa kwezvikamu zvitatu zvechizvarwa chechina chinokonzerwa neHIV antigen / antibody testay s mukuongorora kukuru kwevanopa ropa uye zviratidzo zvechirwere." Transfusion Medicine. 2009: 19 (2): 78-88.
Branson, B ;; Owen, S ;; Wesolowski, M .; et al. "Kubhizheni Kuongororwa Kuongororwa kweHIV Kurwisa: Mazano Anowanikwa." US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia; June 27, 2014.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Kutanga Kukurumidza Kumba-Shandisa HIV Kit Yakagamuchirwa Kuti Uzviongorore." Silver Springs, Maryland. April 13, 2013.
Pant Pai, N .; Balram, B ;; Shivkumar, S .; et al. "Musoro-ku-musoro kufananidzwa kwehutano hwekurumidza kukurumidza-yeku-kutarisana neHIV nehutano nehuwandu-neropa rekuenzanisa: kurongeka kwakarongeka uye meta-analysis." The Lancet Infectious Diseases. January 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.