Vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri evanhu, chetatu chevanhu vepasi rose , vanotapukirwa nehutachiwana (TB). Maererano neWorld Health Organization, pane mamiriyoni gumi nezviviri mamiriyoni matsva uye kufa kwemamiriyoni 1,7 kubva muchirwere muna 2016 chete. IUnited States yakabhadhara 9 272 yevaya vatsva zvirwere.
Kunyange utachiona hwebhakitiriya ndicho chikonzero chinogadziriswa cheTB, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukuita kuti uwane chirwere chacho.
Kuziva kuti zvinhu izvi ndezvipi zvingakubatsira kuti uite chimwe chinhu uye kuderedza ngozi yako yehutachiona.
Mabhakitiriya
Tuberculosis inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya mumhuri yakaoma yeMycobacterium.
- Mycobacterium africanum
- Mycobacteria bovis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
M. africanum , sezvinoreva zita racho, rinowanikwa muAfrica, asi M. tuberculosis inokonzera tuberculosis mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Aya mabhakitiriya maviri anokonzera kuwanda kwechirwere cheTB muvanhu. M. bovis akaratidzika pakuti inonyanya kukosha mombe. Kunwa michero yemakisi isina kukodzera kana zvimwe zvakasununguka kumhuka dzinotapukirwa zvinokonzerwa nehomwe yehutachiona hwehutachiona hwevanhu.
Mycobacteria inopinda uye inorarama mukati memasero muzvirwere zvedu zvomuviri zvinonzi macrophages. Macrophage inowanzouraya ma microbes uye zvirwere, asi M. tuberculosis ine yakasviba yakawanda capsule inodzivirira iyo yezvinokonzera mishonga ine chepfu iyo macrophages inoshandisa kurwisa iyo. TB inogona kukwanisa kubereka mukati ma macrophage.
Iyo TB inobvira sei
Kuti unzwisise kuti mabhakitiriya aya anokonzera utachiona sei, unoda kunzwisisa mutsauko pakati pekutapukira kweTB uye yakashanda .
Mumwe munhu ane hutachiona husina kuputika ane mabhakitiriya eTB mumuviri wavo asi haana chirwere chinoshanda. Pasina zviratidzo zvakadai sefivha, chills, kukohwa, uye kurasikirwa , hazvipindi.
Pane kudaro, mabhakitiriya anorara akarara mumuviri wavo. Vose vanenge 5 kusvika ku10 kubva muzana yevanhu vane TB inopfuvura vacharamba vachiwedzera hutachiwana hweHIV munguva yavo yeupenyu. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mukati memakore maviri ekutanga ehutachiona.
Vanhu vane TB inoshanda, kune rumwe rutivi, vane zviratidzo zvakadai sezvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa. Izvo zvinotapukira zvikuru uye zvinogona kuparadzira chirwere chacho. Pavanenge vachikandira, sneeze, vakapfira mate, kana kutaura, mabhakitiriya anonzi tubercia anosunungurwa mumvura madonhwe. Chero ani anonyengedza madonhwe aya anogona kukura utachiona hweHIV mumapapupa.
MuUnited States, kutapurirwa kweTV ndiko kunowanzoitika mukati megore nemitengo iri pasi pakuwa.
Medical Factors
Pane hutano hunoita kuti uwedzere njodzi yekuve nehutachiona.
Immunosuppression
Izvo simba rekudzivirirwa mumuviri rinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma mumuviri wako kurwisana nehutachiona uye zvichida kuti TB inopera inoshanda. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti tive nehutachiwana neHIV pakutanga. Iwe unogona kuzvigadzirisa mafungiro anobva pane chimwe chezvinotevera:
- Zera: Zvirwere zvemuviri zvemuviri zvekare uye zvakanyanya zvekare zvinowanzove zvisina simba.
- Chemotherapy: Mishonga iyi inorwisa kenza asi inowedzera simba rako rekudzivirira muviri.
- Corticosteroids: Ani naani anotora steroid remuromo kwenguva yakareba, iyo yakaenzana ne 15 mg prednisolone kwemwedzi kana kupfuura, ane simba rekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri.
- HIV / AIDS: Ngozi yekutapurirwa TB inofungidzirwa kuti inowanikwa kanopfuura makumi matanhatu kune vanhu vane HIV. Sezvo chirwere cheHIV chinopfuurira kana kufambira mberi kuAIDS, njodzi yeTB inowedzera.
- Zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa muviri: Kudzivirira muviri kuti urege kurongeka (mwoyo, tsvete, kana chiropa), vanhu vanowanzozotora mishonga inorarama kwenguva refu.
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors: Mishonga iyi yebiologic inowanzoshandiswa kurapa mamiriro ekurapa seCrohn's disease, psoriatic arthritis, uye rheumatoid arthritis.
Chronic Medical Conditions
Zvinotevera zvinogona kuwedzera mungozi yekutapukirwa kweTB:
- Chirwere cheCeliac
- Chronic hepatitis
- Chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chemapapu (COPD)
- Cirrhosis
- Chirwere cheshuga
- Gastric inpass surgery
- Mutanha wemusoro nemutsipa
- Chirwere chepoyo
- Silicosis
Mamiriro aya aya anowedzera sei njodzi yako yeTB haina kuzivikanwa, asi inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nemigumisiro yechirwere chekudzivirira muviri uye kuti muviri wako unotora sei michina. Kana iwe uine imwe yemamiriro aya, tora matanho ekuderedza kuvepo kwehutachiona hweHIV.
Lifestyle Factors
Kune zviitiko zvisingave zvehutano zvinokonzera TB zvinogona kuva zvizhinji mukati mekutonga kwako. Zvinosuruvarisa, urombo, kusava nemusha , uye kuderedzwa kwekuwana rubatsiro rwehutano kunogona kuita kutarisa zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonetsa.
Kudya uye Kudya
Nherera yakashata inobatsira pakupararira kweTB. Kushaya kudya kunovaka muviri hakusi kungowedzera simba rekudzivirira muviri asi rinotungamirira kukurasikirwa. Vanhu vane uremu huri (hutsika mashoma index ye <18.5) vanowanzove vane hutachiwana kupfuura vanhu vane BMI yakakwirira.
Apo zvinosvika kune zvimwe zvibereko, tarisa kune iron uye Vitamin D. High iron mazinga muropa inogona kukurudzira kukura kwemycobacteria, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanzwe zvirwere zveTB. Vitamini D inopesana, ichidzivirira kukura kwemycobacteria. Nenzira iyi, kushayikwa kwevitamini D kune ngozi yehutachiona.
Pese pazvinenge zvichibvira, zvakakosha kudya chikafu-chikafu chekudya uye kuchengeta utano hwakanaka. Nzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika hazviiti nguva dzose kuti zviitike kuita izvozvo.
Nzvimbo
Vanhu vanoberekerwa munzvimbo dzakagadziriswa neHIV zvinonzwisisika kuwedzera mungozi yekusvitsa mabhakitiriya. Nyika dzinotevera, kubva kune dzakawanda kusvika kudarika nguva dzose, dzinokwana 64 kubva muzana yezviitiko zvose zvehutachi.
- India
- Indonezhiya
- China
- Firipaini
- Pakisitani
- Naijeriya
- Chamhembe Afrika
Iwe unogona kusakwanisa kudzora kwawakaberekerwa asi iwe unogona kudzora kwaunoenda. Pachine zvishoma, tora matanho kana uchienda kunzvimbo idzi.
Living Conditions
TB inogona kupararira nokukurumidza apo vanhu vari pedyo. Kuwanda kwemamiriro mukati memunharaunda kana kunyange mumba kunowedzera njodzi yakawanda. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana paine urombo hwemhepo mukati meimba.
Nzvimbo dzokugara dzisina pokugara, kunyanya, dzinogona kuwandisa uye haisi nguva dzose dzakachengetedzwa zvakanaka. Kana iwe uine ruzivo rwekukwereta imba kana kutenga imba, funga kuchengetedza kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwako.
Kudhakwa Kwemishonga
Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvakanyanya kune vanhu vane utachiona hweHIV. Kusvuta fodya kunowedzera njodzi yako yakaita seviri. Kushandiswa kwemishonga isina kukodzera, kungava jekisi kana kusina injirisi, uye kunwa 40 gramu (imwe pint yewaini, zvitatu 12-ounce doro, kana maawa mana emvura yakasvibiswa sevodka kana whisky) kana zvimwe doro nezuva rinowedzerawo maitiro eTB kutumira.
Ndizvo zvaunofarira kuti urege kusvuta uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Kana iwe ukanwa doro, ingoita izvozvo muchidimbu.
> Sources:
> Global Tuberculosis Report 2017. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Yakapedzwa musi waDecember 1, 2017.
> Horsburgh CR. Epidemiology yeTiberculosis. Mu: UpToDate, Lerner SP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Oeltmann JE, Kammerer JS, Pevzner ES, Moonan PK. Tuberculosis uye zvinodhaka muUnited States, 1997-2006. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jan 26; 169 (2): 189-97. doi: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.535.
> Tuberculosis (TB): Kusiyana pakati pe Latent TB Inorwara uye TB Dzaase. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/ltbiandactivetb.htm. Yakapedzwa musi waNovember 21, 2014.
> Tuberculosis uye HIV Infection. World Health Organization.http: //www.who.int/hiv/topics/tb/en/. Yakavandudzwa February 2018.