Mhando dzeDhiagnostic Tests uye Zvavanogona Kukuudza
Kune miviri miviri yakasiyana yeongororo inoshandiswa kuona kuvepo kwehutachiona (TB) mabhakitiriya-Mantoux test test uye interferon gamma release release, rudzi rwekuedza ropa. Kana ruvara rweganda rako rakanaka, zvinoreva kuti une hutachiona hweBabteria asi hausi iye ane utachiona uye hunogadzirisa hwechirwere; iyi inonzi TB inopera.
Chiremba wako achaita kuti awedzere kuongororwa, kusanganisira chifukidzo che X-ray uye chikwata chekutsvaga kuti uone kana iwe une TB inoshanda.
Mushandi wako wehutano achakurudzira chirwere cheTB chinonyanya kukoshesa iwe kubva pachikonzero chekuedza, kuwanikwa kwekuedzwa, uye mari. Kazhinji, hazvikurudzirwi kuwana zvose zvekuongorora ganda uye kuongorora ropa.
Mukuwedzera, chiremba wako achaita kuongororwa kwemuviri uye ozoenda pane nhoroondo yako yezvechiremba. Zvimwe zvirwere, zvakadai seHIV uye chirwere cheshuga, zvinogona kukuisa pangozi yakanyanya yeTB.
Kuongorora kweganda
Muedzo weganda reMantoux unoshandisa tuberculin yakanatswa protein (derivative) (PPD), mhinduro ine zvimwe zvikamu zvebhakitiriya reTB. Sirasi ine nheyo shoma shoma yakazadzwa nePDD solution, iyo inobva yajowa pasi peganda pahuma yako.
IPDD inokonzera majekiseni akawanda emune masero, anozivikanwa seT-cells, kuti azive yakagadziriswa injected semusungo wekutyisidzira, zvichiita kuti ganda riite.
Nhamba yemhinduro yacho inotsanangurwa kuti ione kana mumwe munhu asina kunaka kana akanaka kune TB.
Kusiyana nehutachiwana hunoiswa mukati, chirwere chePDD hachina kunyanya kuti chinosiya chikamu chiduku, chakasimudzwa, chakasimudzwa cheganda chinonzi "wheal" panzvimbo yejojo. Pakupedzisira magumbo anonyangarika mumakore emaawa mazhinji, asi kana ikasawoneka, kuedza kunofanira kudzokororwa.
Mhinduro
Kushanda kweganda kunosvika pakakwirira kwemaawa makumi maviri nemaawa makumi manomwe nemaawa makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri mushure mokunge PPD ijowa. Unofanirwa kudzokera kumutarisiri wako wehutano munguva iyoyo kuti uve nemhinduro yako inoshandurwa zvakanaka. Kumirira kwenguva refu kana kwete kwenguva yakareba zvinogona kukonzera migumisiro yakarurama.
Chiremba wako achatsvaka nzvimbo yakasimudza, yakaoma yeganda inonzi induration. Hukuru hwayo huchagadzirisa kana iwe uri mukana kana kuti usina kunaka kweTB, uye chiyero chei chinoratidza TB kune iwe unofanana nedzimwe njodzi dzinogona kuva nadzo.
Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vane hutano vanofanira kunge vane huwandu hwakareba (15 mm) induration kuti avo vane zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa pamuviri, vanoti nekuda kweHIV, kana kuti vave vachangobva kuonana nomumwe munhu ane TB inopinda (5 mm). An induration duku kudarika iyo inoratidza kuti hapana chirwere cheTB.
Chiyero chakanaka chichaitawo kuti kuve nekubwinya uye kunhuwa.
Nhema-mhedzisi uye nhema-positi zvinowanzozivikanwa nekuongorora kweganda pane kuongorora ropa. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekutonga kusina kunaka kweganda rekucheneswa kana kusanzwisiswa kwezvirevo zvaro. Chimwe chenhema-chakaipa chinogonawo kuitika kana iwe uchangobva kuonekwa neHIV; iyo inogona kuonekwa nemaune immune inogona kunge isina kukura kwemavhiki masere kusvika ku10 mushure mekusangana nemaabhakitiriya.
Mavhinga uye Kuedza Kweropa
Kuongororwa ropa kunogona kuziva mabhakitiriya eTB kune imwe nzira yekuongorora kweganda-iyo inowanzodiwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Kana kuongorora ropa kwako kwakanaka, chiremba wako anogonawo kutora sampu yeputum uye akaikurira kuti aone kana iwe une chirwere cheTB.
Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
Kuongorora ropa kunoshandiswa kuvepo kuvapo kwebhakitiriya reTB kunonzi interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs). Nezvi, ropa rinounganidzwa muzvidimbu zvakakosha uchishandisa nete, uye zvino inotumirwa ku laboratori yekuedza. Izvo hazvina chikonzero chekutsungirira kutevera uye zviwanikwa zviripo mumaawa makumi maviri nemaviri.
Kune zviyero zviviri zveGRA zvinogamuchirwa neDain and Drug Administration (FDA):
- QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test (QFT-GIT)
- T-SPOT.TB muedzo (T-Spot)
Iko kuongororwa kweropa kunowanzodiwa nokuti inowanzove yakajeka kudarika ganda rekuongorora. Icho chikonzero, chikamu, nekuda kwekuti zvinowanzoitika kuti vanhu varasikirwe nguva yekuda maawa 48 kusvika ku 72-maawa ekuongororwa kwakanaka kwemigumisiro yavo yechiratidzo.
Kuongorora ropa kunowedzerawo kudarika kuongorora kweganda kune vanhu vakagamuchira bharipi Calmette-Guerin (BCG), chirwere chechirwere chetachiona chinoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda dzine huwandu hweHIV.
A positive TB test inoreva kuti, pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwako, iwe wakave wakananga uye wakabatwa neTB. Muchiitiko ichi, mamwe maedzo anodiwa kuti aone kana iwe une TB inopera, iyo inokonzera zviratidzo uye haina kupararira, kana TB inoshanda.
Sputum Culture
Kana ganda rako kana chirwere cheropa chiri chakanaka kune bhakitiriya reTB, chiremba wako achaita zviyero zvinotevera, kusanganisira tsika ye sputum (phlegm) sampuli. Sputum inonzi fluid fluid inobudiswa pamapapu semugumisiro wekurwara. Muenzaniso unogona kuiswa mumutambo wekuedza kana petri dish kuti uone kana mabhakitiriya anokura. Mycobacterium tuberculosis inowedzera kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, saka inogona kutora kusvika mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kuti ive nemhinduro yakarurama.
Imaging
Kuongororwa kwakanaka kwebhakitiriya yehutachiona kuchaitawo kuti utungamirire chikwata che X-ray. Kana iwe une TB inoshanda, chigumisiro chemuedzo uyu kazhinji kacho chisingawanzoitiki, zvichida kuratidza nzvimbo yemafuro.
Dzimwe nguva, TB inowanikwa mune nhengo kunze kwemapapu; mune izvozvi, CT inotarisa, uye MRIs inogona kushandiswawo zvakare.
Kusiyanisa Kuongorora
Zvimwe zvezviratidzo zve (TB) -kushama, fivha, kurasikirwa kwechido, kuora kwekurema, uye usiku kusvetuka-zvinoratidza zvirwere zvehumwe humwe zvirwere, kusanganisira izvo zvinobaya mapapu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Bhakteria mapapu mapfupa (empyema)
- Chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chepachimona (COPD)
- Pneumonia
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Kutapukirwa nefungus, yakadai seye histoplasmosis
- Kuvharirwa neimwe mycobacterium
- Kanza yemaperembudzi
Bhati yakazara yekuongororwa kweTB, pamwe chete nemiedzo chaiyo yezvirwere zvataurwa pamusoro apa, inotungamirira kune zvakajeka kuongororwa.
> Sources:
> Merck Manual, Consumer Version. Tuberculosis (TB). https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/tuberculosis-and-leprosy/tuberculosis-tb#v785596
> University of Michigan. Michigan Michigan Medicine Health Library. Zvimwe Mamiriro Ezvo Nezvimwe Zviratidzo zveTibhii (TB).
> US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chinyorwa Chechokwadi: BCG Vaccine. Yakapedzwa musi waSeptember 12, 2016
> US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chokwadi Chinyorwa: Tuberculin Skin Test. Yakapedzwa musi waSeptember 8, 2016.