Tuberculosis (TB) chirwere chinopararira chinokonzerwa nemhepo chinokonzerwa naMycobacterium tuberculosis , bhakitiriya inokura uye inoparadzanisa mukati memasero. Utachiona, hunotanga mumapapu, hunoita kuti hurumende dzizivikanwe se tubercles. Nokufamba kwenguva, chirwere chinogona kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo, kusanganisira itsvo, uropi, uye musana. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa nokuda kwehutachiona, kunyange kurapwa hakusi nyore kana kushanda.
TB haisi chinhu chinowanzoporwa muUnited States uye inogona kuuraya kana isina kusiyiwa.
Nhoroondo Pfupfupi
TB yakange yakapoteredza makumi ezviuru zvemakore. Yakawanzonzi "kushandiswa" nekuda kwekureruka kwekureruka kunogona kukonzera. Pasati kuma1940, apo antibiotic streptomycin yakavapo, pakanga pasina zvakawanda zvaigona kuitwa nokuda kwechirwere. Mhepo yakachena, kudya kwakanaka, uye chiedza chezuva chakambofungidzirwa kuti chaibatsira, asi hachiwanzoshanda nguva dzose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanachiremba vakaedza kubvisa chirwere chinorwara. Kubva pamazana emakore ekuma17 kusvika kuma1900, zvinotendwa kuti mumwe wevanhu vashanu akafa nechirwere chetachiona.
Kunyange zvakadaro muurayi anotungamirira munyika yose, chirwere chetachiona hachina kupararira muUnited States kupfuura zvaimbova, kunyange zvirwere zvichange zvichiwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), matambudziko 9 272 eTB akaudzwa muUnited States muna 2016.
Kudzokazve kweTB muUnited States kwave kuchifananidzirwa muchikamu chekuenda kune uye kubva kunyika umo TB inogara, pamwe nekubatana nehosha yeHIV.
Zviratidzo
Apo munhu ane hutano anokonzerwa neTB, masimba avo emagetsi anowanzogadzirisa hutachiona uye anoita kuti mabhakitiriya eTB aende maitiro asina kushandiswa anokonzera zviratidzo uye haaparidzi; Izvi zvinozivikanwa seAIDS inotapukira.
Zvinokwanisika kurarama neTB inotapira isina kumbobvira yakatanga mafomu anoshanda echirwere chacho.
Kana hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakakosha, zvisinei, hutachiona hunogona kushanda, hunokonzera zviratidzo uye zvirwere zvinopararira. Inenge 3 kubva muzana kusvika ku5 kubva muzana yevanhu vanokura TB yakaoma mukati megore rekugamuchira chiitiko chakanaka kubva mumuviri weTB.
Chiratidzo chechirwere cheHIV chinokanganisa chibereko chakaipa chinogadzira phlegm yeropa uye chinogona kupedza mavhiki matatu kana kupfuura. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwepfupa, kuneta, kurasikirwa nechido, kuora muviri, fever, chills, uye usiku sweats.
Zvinokonzera
Tuberculosis chirwere chinokonzerwa nemhepo, chinopararira zvikuru nemadonhwe akabudiswa mumhepo mushure mekunge munhu anopikisa akakokera, achipfira, kana kuti sneezes. Ngozi yehutachiwana yakanyanya kune avo vanopedza nguva yakawanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akavharwa-akadai se ndege, bhazi, kana nzvimbo duku-yevanhu vane utachiona.
TB ndiyo dambudziko rakakomba reutano munyika dzakawanda, kunyanya kusimukira. Yakanzi "chirwere cheurombo" nokuti inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nehutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu hunoita kuti vanhu vararame, vane nzara, nezvimwewo. Kunyange zvazvo tuberculosis ishoma kudarika muUnited States, inoramba iri dambudziko muzvipatara, mumajeri, uye munzvimbo dzekugara dzisina pokugara, umo maitiro akazara anowanika.
Avo vane utachiona hwakasimba hwemasimba ndivo vari pangozi yeTB. Izvi zvinosanganisira vana, vakwegura, avo vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvezvirwere kana chirwere (seHIV), avo vanotora zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri (zvakadai mukurapa kwechirwere chemotokari kana mushure mekugadziriswa kwechirongwa), uye vanhu vanorapwa nekenza.
Kuziva
Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti une TB inoshingaira, taura iwe mupi wehutano wehutano kuti agadzire kuongororwa kweTB . Iyo inowanzoshandiswa-inoshandiswa ndeye Mantoux yeganda rekuongorora, iyo inoshandiswa nekujova zvishoma zvebhakitiriya reTB pasi peganda pahuma yako. Kana iwe uine maitiro ekuzvidzivirira mumuviri, kuzvimba kuchaguma panzvimbo yejojo mukati meviri kusvika kwemazuva matatu.
Dzimwe nguva chiyero cheganda chinogona kupiwa nokukurumidza pashure pokusviba kubhakitiriya (vasati vhiki masere kusvika kune gumi) kuitira kuti mutezo wekudzivirira utachiona uite. Kana iwe ukaedza kuve wakanaka, iwe uchazoongorora zvakare, kusanganisira chifukidzo che X-ray uye tsika yebhakitiriya kana kuongorora kukuru kwekwenyuka-up sputum (phlegm).
Panewo kuongororwa kweropa kunoshandiswa kutsvaga TB, inozivikanwa se interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), kunyange zvazvo isingashandisi nguva dzose.
Kurapa
Tuberculosis inobatwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Mishonga inowanzosanganisira vhiki masere kusvika masere ekubatanidzwa kwemishonga ine mana, inotevera nemimwe mishonga miviri, kwehuwandu hwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumapfumbamwe. Nzira chaiyo yakatemerwa iwe inobva pane yako nyaya uye hutano hwakakwana.
Zvakakosha kutevera mirayiridzo yechiremba wehutano hweTB, kunyange mushure mokunge zviratidzo zvinopera. Nzira yakakwana yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inofanirwa kuuraya dzose bhakitiriya reTB. Kusakwanisa kupedza nguva yakazara kunogona kutungamirira mukurapa kusingabatsiri, kwenguva yakareba yehutachiona, uye ma antibiotic-asingagadziri TB, nzira dzokurapa dzisingasviki uye dzine zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nemishonga yekutanga.
Kudzivirira Kutengesa
Kana ukawana chirwere chechirwere chechirwere chechirwere, iwe ucharayirirwa kuti usapinda chikoro kana kuchikoro kusvikira chiremba wako asarudza kuti hausati wapararira (kazhinji anenge masvondo maviri kusvika matatu atanga kurapwa, asi izvi zvinotora kusvika mavhiki matanhatu). Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, chengetedza kure nevarume vamunogara muchionana navo. Yeuka kuti ufukidze mune zvisikwa uye uzvirasire muhomwe yakasimbiswa.
Mune zviitiko zvizhinji, varwere vane TB inoshanda vanoongororwa uye vanobatwa mune zvipatara zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingabatanidzi izvo zvinomanikidzirwa kuti zvisiyane nevamwe. Mushure mekusunungurwa kubva kuchipatara, vakuru vakuru vehutano vachakupai mazano ekudzoka kubasa kana kuchikoro. Vanhu vawakambotaura navo vanofanira kuongororwa nehutachiona.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyangwe kuongororwa kuti ane hutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kutyisa, kufungidzira kwakanaka. Zviitiko zvakawanda zveHIV zvinorapwa uye zvinoporesa chero bedzi iwe uchitevera mirayiridzo yechiremba wako uye wotora mishonga yako sezvakanyorwa.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control. Kurambana kweTiberculosis Kuchengeta. Tuberculosis (TB). https://www.cdc.gov/tb/?404 ;https://www.cdc.gov:443/tb/default
> Mime CA, et al. Medical Microbiology. 1993. Mosby-Year Book Europe Limited. London.
> Salyers AA uye Whitt DD. Bhakteria Pathogenesis: Nzira yeMatomu. 1994. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC
> World Health Organization. Tuberculosis. http://www.who.int/tb/en/