Zviratidzo uye Miedzo yeHigh Highing Autism
Iwe hauna kumbobvira wanyatsonzwisisa hurukuro, uye unoda kutaura nekombiyuta kupfuura mumwe munhu. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti une Asperger Syndrome (AS)? Kutaura zvazviri, kubva pakabudiswa kwemazuva ano ekuongorora zvirwere, hakunazve kuongororwa kunonzi Asperger Syndrome. Asi zvinokwanisika kuti iwe uri munhu mukuru uyo anoongororwa neous (mild function) ye autism spectrum disorder (kana chirwere chakafanana kana chakafanana).
Zviratidzo zveKushanda Kwekushandisa Autism muVakuru
Kana iwe uri munhu mukuru uyo akakwanisa kuzviita kuburikidza nechikoro chesekondari kana kunyange yekoroji uye kuwana kana kubata basa (kunyange nezviratidzo zvingave zvakabatana ne autism), mikana yako autism yako yakaoma. "Unyoro" kana hukuru hwekushandira autism, zvisinei, zvinogona kunge zvakaoma zvikuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zvine chokuita nekukurukurirana kwevanhu pamwe nemhinduro dzemanzwiro- uye kana iwe uri kunze kwekumba kwako munyika yezana remakore rechi21, unofanirwa kuita zvekunamatira uye kurarisana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekurwa kwechisimba munharaunda yese .
Kutaurirana Kwemagariro Evanhu Zviratidzo
Izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvingasangana nazvo zuva nezuva. Zvinogonawo kuva zviratidzo zvawakaona semwana muduku asi wakadzidza kutarisira nguva. Dzinogona kusanganisira:
- Dambudziko nekududzira "chakavanzika chinangwa" munzanga yevanhu. Somuenzaniso, munhu wose asi iwe unoratidzika nenzira imwe neimwe unoziva nguva yekutaura, nguva yekunyarara, chii chokupfeka, inzwi rei izwi raunoshandisa.
- Dambudziko nekushandisa mukana wakarurama kana inzwi rezwi, kana kusarudza mazwi "akarurama" kune mamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa mutauro wakarongeka mumamiriro asina kurongeka, taura nenzwi guru mumamiriro ezvinhu "akanyarara," kana kushandisa izwi rakanyanyisa kana iwe uri kunzwa kunzwa kwakasimba.
- Kuva nekutambudzika kududzira mutauro wemutauro uye inzwi rezwi nenzira yakarurama. Semuenzaniso, mumwe munhu waunowana kushevedzera kunonakidza sezvaanopfuura, kana kukukoka iwe kuti ubatane navo muchikwata cheboka. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti vari kuratidza kufarira rudo kana ushamwari huri nyore? Inzwi rako rinotaridzirwa rinoratidza kutsamwa kwechokwadi here kana kunyunyuta?
- Zvinetso nekuchengetedza kukurukurirana, kunyanya kana zvisiri pamusoro unofarira iwe. Vanhu vane ruzivo rwevamwe vanowanzoona zviri nyore kuchengetedza "kutaura zviduku" pane nhamba ipi zvayo yemamiriro ezvinhu, kubva pamitambo yeTV kuenda kune makuhwa. Vanogona kuita izvi kunyange kana kuratidzwa kana vanhu vari kungonyanya kufadza kwavari. Vanhu vane autism, zvisinei, kazhinji vanoda kutaura kwenguva yakareba bedzi nezvezvinhu zvinofarira ivo pachavo; vangave vane dambudziko rekuona kuti shamwari yavo yekukurukurirana inodhakwa.
- Kunyanya kufunga nezvehurukuro inofarira. Vamwe vanhu vakuru vane autism vanofadzwa nehurukuro chaiyo yekufarira iyo vanoiwana inenge isingaiti kuchinja nyaya yacho. Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko risingaoneki kana shamwari dzako nevanoshanda navo vose vachigovana kufarira kwakadaro asi zvinogona kuva nharo paunenge uchitaurirana nemhuri kana vavakidzani vane zvido zvakasiyana.
- Dambudziko nekuziva nguva uye sei kubvunza mibvunzo kana kuita zvitaurire iwe unoziva kuti ndezvechokwadi. Semuenzaniso, ndezvipi kuti uudze mutenzi wako kuti pfungwa dzavo hadzingashandisi? Zvine nguva yakakwana here kubvunza mumwe munhu "chii chakakonzera kurambana?" Vanhu vane autism vanoona zvakaoma kuziva nguva yekutaura; semugumisiro, vangasarudza kusareva zvachose.
- Dambudziko nekuchinja. Vanhu vazhinji vane autism vanosarudza kuziva chaizvo zvichazoitika zvakare. Vakawanda vanosarudza kuita zvinhu zvakafanana mune rimwechete zuva rimwe nerimwe, kudya kudya kumwechete, kutora nzira imwechete, nezvimwewo. Upenyu, zvisinei, hunokanda mipira yakawanda yemapuranga; zvinogona kuva noutano kune vanhu vemu autistic kuti vashandure nokukurumidza pasina kushanda nesimba kana kushungurudzika mupfungwa.
Zviratidzo uye Zviratidzo
Izvo zvinoshandiswa munguva ichangopfuura yevodism zvinosanganisira zvinetso zvinowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vose pamusana. Zvinetso zvisinganzwisisiki (pamwe chete nematambudziko emagariro anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa) zvinogona kutungamirira kuzviito zvisingatarisirwi.
- Kunzwisisika kusvika chiedza, inzwi, kunhuwa, kubata, uye kunwa. Kufanana nevanhu vakawanda vane zvimwe zvinetso (zvakadai semigraine), vanhu vane autism vanowanzova nehanya. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vane chirwere chepurovhesi, somuenzaniso, vanogona kupedza zuva rose pasi pechiedza che fluorescent munzvimbo yakakura, vanhu vakawanda vane autism havagone. Vanhu vane magetsi vanogonawo kuita zvakasimba kunhuwa kana kuravira, kana kuva nenguva yakaoma nehukama hwepedyo.
- Kuda kwekumanikidzirwa mumuviri yekunyaradza. Temberi Mukuru, chimiro chikuru mukuzvidzivirira kwe autistic, chaizvoizvo akazvivakira "kumanikidza" semhando yekuzvidzivirira kuti arambe akadzikama mukoroji.
- Unoda kutama kana kuisa mazita nenzira yakajairika. Ichi chinodiwa, chinonzi "kukurudzira," chimiro chekuzvinyaradza uye chinogona kusanganisira kufamba, kubvongodza, kubvambura -bvudzi, kubvongodza, nezvimwe. Zvakaoma kuzvidzora uye zvinogona kukonzera kusashamisika kutarisa kubva kuvanhu vakakupoteredza.
- Autistic inyauka-pasi. Vamwe vanhu vakuru vane autism, kunyange avo vane IQs dzakakwirira, vanogona kuvhiringidzika uye kutsamwa uye vanoona zvisingakwanisi kudzora mazwi avo nezviito. Iyi mhinduro dzimwe nguva inonzi "autistic yakanyunguduka-pasi." Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki kune munhu mukuru ane autism kuita nenzira yechisimba, kunyange kusina simba-kusagadzikana kunogona kutyisa kuvanhu vanovaona.
Kuzvidzivirira uye Unyanzvi hweZvamwe
Iwe unogona kutanga chirongwa chekuongororwa ne-self-test yakadai se "AQ" yakagadzirwa muna 2001 naDkt. Simon Baron-Cohen kana RBQ2, inowanika paIndaneti, iyo "maitiro anoremekedzwa uye akadzokorora mafambiro akadai semitambo uye tsika, kudzokorora motokari maitiro, mafungiro evanhu uye zviito zvekudzokorora nezvinhu. "
Kunyange zvazvo kuzviongorora uku kunogona kukubatsira kuziva kana iwe ungave uri autistic, zvisinei, haisi kutsiva kurapwa kwechiremba kunoitwa nenyanzvi. Vazhinji vezvepfungwa nevezviitiko zve autism vanofanira kukwanisa kuedza kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kupa hutano hunobatsira, kunyange huwandu hwevanhu vane ruzivo rwevotism runoshanda nevana.
Dr. Shana Nichols weFay J. Lindner Center for Autism muLong Island muNew York anoita zvekuongorora nekurapa vechidiki nevakuru vane zviratidzo zvine chokuita nekushanda kweA autist (Asperger Syndrome).
Apo vanhu vakuru vauya kuLindner Center kuti aongorore, Dr. Nichols anotanga kuongorora kwake neIQ test . Anotungamirirawo kuongororwa kweunyanzvi hunogadzirisa hunoedza kukwanisa kwomurwere kugadzirisa zvinetso zvemagariro evanhu.
Kunyange zvazvo achishandisa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana siyana zvekutsvaga kuti aone zviratidzo zvakananga, anoti kunyange izvozvi zvishandiso hazvisi zvemasikati.
"Kana mubereki aripo," anodaro Nichols, "tinoita hurukuro yemubereki inonzi ADI (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) . Tiri kutarisa kushandiswa kwezvino uye nhoroondo yekare kuti tive neruzivo rwehutano hwemurwere mune zvekugarisana, kutaurirana uye maitiro domains. " Mushure mezvose, sezvaanotaura, "autism haisi kuratidzika pakarepo kana wava nemakore 25, saka vanhu vazhinji vane autism yechokwadi vakaratidza zviratidzo kubva paudiki hwavo." Kana vabereki vasipo, Nichols nevamwe vaaishanda navo vanokumbira murwere kuti ayeuke hucheche hwavo, achibvunza mibvunzo yakadai sekuti "Wakave neshamwari zhinji here?" uye "Wakanakirei kuita?"
Nichols anotungamirirawo ADOS Module IV. ADOS (Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule) ndiyo autism chirongwa chekucherechedza purogiramu, uye mutemo wechina ndeyekushanda kwemashoko makuru evanhu vakuru nevakura. Pamwe chete neADI, inobvumira vanachiremba kutarisisa zvakananga mune zvemagariro evanhu nekukurukurirana uye maitiro. Somuenzaniso, anodaro Nichols, miedzo inotarisa mibvunzo yakadai sekuti "Unogona here kufambidzana zvekukurukurirana kwevanhu?" Iwe unofarira pfungwa dzemuongorori nemanzwiro here Iwe unoratidza kuratidza hukama hwehukama here? Iwe unofadza here kana kuti unofunga zvakanyanya ? " Iyi miedzo inobvumira vanachiremba kuti vaise chikoro munharaunda imwe neimwe kuti vaone kana murwere achizadzisa zviyero zve autism .
Chidzidzo chitsva, The Developmental, Dimensional uye Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult), ikozvino inowanikwa uye (maererano nevatsvakurudzi) iri nyore uye shopfupi kupfuura ADOS, uye yakarurama. Inotarisa hutano hwemagariro evanhu nekubatana, pamwe chete nekudzivirira zvido uye maitiro. 3Di-Adhesi iri zvishoma nezvishoma inova chinhu chakakwana chekuongorora vanhu vakuru.
Apo Kuongororwa HAKASI Autism
Hazvisi zvisiri izvo, anodaro Nichols, kuti murwere anouya achimirira kuti autism iongororwe uye kuti iende nehutano hwakasiyana. "Kusiyanisa pakati pemagariro evanhu kana kunyara uye kukanganisa kwechokwadi ne autism kunogona kunge kwakasimba kwazvo kune mumwe munhu," anodaro. Zvimwe zvinetso, zvakadai sokusava nesimba-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (kumanikidzwa, kubhadhara, kudikanwa kuita zvinhu kudarika-famba), kushamwaridzana kwekutaurirana kwevanhu , kana kushungurudzika kwevanhu mune dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva zvinoratidzika sevirism. Kana vanachiremba vachitora pane zvimwe zvinetso, vanogona kukurudzira kurapa kwakakodzera uye / kana mishonga.
Sources:
> Barrett SL, Uljarevic M, Baker EK, et al. Munhu mukuru akadzokorora mafungiro ezvidzidzo-2 (RBQ-2A): chirevo chezvokuzvitsvakira zvekudzivirirwa nekudzokorora mafambiro. Zvinyorwa zveVeismism uye Developmental Disorders. 2015.
> Mandy, W. Kuongorora autism kune vanhu vakuru: kuongororwa kwekusimudzira, kusimba uye kuongororwa kukurukurirana-adult adult (3Di-Adult). J Autism Dev Kushata. 2018 Feb; 48 (2): 549-560. > doi >: 10.1007 / s10803-017-3321-z.
> Tavassoli, T. et al. Kunyatsoteerera-kutarisa kune vanhu vakuru vane mamiriro ezvinhu emu autism. Autism. 2014 May; 18 (4): 428-32. > doi >: 10.1177 / 1362361313477246. Epub 2013 Oct 1.