Zviratidzo zveMwana Wako Zvingava Zvakaoma KwaVidism
Kukurukurirana Kwepabonde Ndiyo "itsva" kuongororwa, yakasikwa apo DSM-5 (diagnostic manual) yakabudiswa zvakare muna 2013. Dambudziko iri rinosanganisira zvimwe asi kwete zviratidzo zve Autism Spectrum Disorder , zvichiita sorudzi rwe "lite" kana kuti " mild "version of autism.
Kana iwe wakaziva autism chero nguva ipi zvayo, pfungwa ye "yakaoma" autism kugadziriswa inogona kunzwika zvikuru.
Ichokwadi, Social Communication Disorder ine nhamo yakaenzana yakafanana neyekuongororwa kweviri kwakabviswa kubva kuDiagnostic Manual (DSM) muna 2013. Matambudziko maviri aya zvino-asina kukodzera aiva Asperger syndrome uye PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Pasina Zvimwe Yakatsanangurwa) .
Muchidimbu, apo Asperger syndrome nePDD-NOS vakabviswa kubva muBhuku reDainistic, Social Disorder Disorder yakagadzirirwa kutora nzvimbo yavo.
Zviratidzo Zvokuona Kurapa Kwemagariro Evanhu
Izvi zvinotevera kubva muna 2013 DSM-5 zvinotsanangura zviratidzo zveSDD:
A.Pezvinetso zvinoshandiswa mumashandisirwo emagariro evanhu nemashoko uye asingatauri sekukurukurirana sekuratidzwa nezvose zvinotevera:
1.Dambudziko pakushandisa kukurukurirana kwezvinangwa zvevanhu, zvakadai sokukwazisa nekugoverana ruzivo, nenzira yakakodzera yehutano hwevanhu.
2.Kuipa kwekugona kuchinja kutaurirana kusvika pamamiriro ezvinhu kana zvidikanwi zvemuteereri, zvakadai sokutaura zvakasiyana mukirasi pane yeimba yekutamba, kutaurirana zvakasiyana nemwana kudarika munhu mukuru, nekudzivisa kushandiswa kwemutauro wakawanda.
3.Mafungiro anotevera mitemo yekukurukurirana nekutaura nyaya, sekuita kutendeuka mukukurukurirana, kudzokorora kana kusanzwisiswa, nekuziva kuti ungashandise sei zviratidzo uye zvisingatauri kuti utungamirire kuwirirana.
4.Mafungiro anonzwisisa izvo zvisingatauri zvakajeka (semuenzaniso, kugadzira zvinyorwa) uye zvisinganzwisisiki kana zvisinganzwisisiki zvekutaura (semuenzaniso, madimbwa, kuseka, zvinyorwa, zvinoreva zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekutaura).
B. Kukanganisa kunokonzera kuperevedza kwebasa mukukurukurirana kunobudirira, hukama hwevanhu, hukama hwehukama, kubudirira mune zvedzidzo, kana kubudirira kwebasa, mumwe nomumwe kana pamwe chete.
C.Kutanga kwezviratidzo kuri munguva yekutanga yekukura (asi kukanganisa hakugone kuonekwa pachena kusvikira kushamwaridzana kwevanhu vevanhu kuchida kudarika zvishoma zvishoma).
D. Zviratidzo hazvisi izvo zvinokonzerwa nedzimwe mishonga kana neurologi kana kuti nehutsika muhutano hwemashoko ekugadzirisa uye shanduro yemitauro, uye haisi nani inotsanangurwa ne autism spectrum disorder, kuremara kwepfungwa (chirwere chokuvandudza pfungwa), kukurumidza kukura kwenyika, kana imwe chirwere chepfungwa.
Nzira Yekukurukurirana Kwemagariro evanhu (SCD) Kufanana uye Kusiyana neAustism?
Pano, maererano neDSM-5, ndiyo nzira iyo Social Social Disorder inopesana nayo neA autism: "Zvinetso zviviri izvi zvinogona kusiyaniswa nekuvapo mu autism spectrum disorder yekudzivirira / kudzokorora maitiro ehutsika , zvido, kana mabasa uye kusavapo kwavo mune zvemagariro ( pragmatic) kutaurirana chirwere. "
Mune mamwe mazwi, vana vane autism vane manzwiro ekukurukurirana kwevanhu pamwe chete nekudzokorora mafambiro, nepo vana vane hutano hwekukurukurirana kwevanhu vanove nekutaurirana chete kwevanhu.
Maererano nenyaya iri mu Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, vazhinji vevanhu vekukurukurirana zvinetso zvinosangana nematambudziko mumitauro yekutaura (kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwekutaura kwevanhu):
SCD inotsanangurwa nehuwandu hwekutsvaga muhutano hwemagariro evanhu vasingatauri uye kutaura kwemashoko ... Vanhu vane SCD vanogona kuonekwa nekuoma pakushandisa mutauro kune zvinangwa zvevanhu, vachifananidza kuwirirana nekukurukurirana kumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu, zvichienderana nemitemo yemamiriro ekutaurirana (semuenzaniso , kumashure nekukurukura kwekutaurirana), kunzwisisa mutauro usingatauri (semuenzaniso, majee, madivi, mifananidzo), nekubatanidza mutauro nemafambiro asina kutaura.
Asi chokwadi hazvibviri kuva nematambudziko nekushandisa mutauriri wevanhu vevanhu kana iwe uchiri muduku zvikuru kuti usashandise mutauro unotaurwa kana kuti hausi kutaura. Nokudaro, vanhu vane SCD vanofanira kunge vari kutaura uye vachiita basa rakakwirira, uye vanofanira kuongororwa kana vakwegura zvakakwana kuti vataure mutauro unotaura:
Unyanzvi hwakakwana hwemutauro hunofanira kuumbwa mberi kwekukanganiswa kwemashoko ekure-kare kunogona kuonekwa, saka kuongororwa kweCSD hakufaniri kuitwa kusvikira vana vane makore 4-5. Kushungurudza kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu kunogona kuitika pamwe nekumwe kushungurudzika kwekutaurirana muDMM-5 (izvi zvinosanganisira chirwere chemutauro, kusununguka kwekutaura kwehutano, utano hwekusununguka kwehutano, uye kusanzwisiswa kwehutano hwehutano), asi haugoni kuonekwa muhupo hwe autism spectrum disorder ( ASD).
Chikonzero nei Kutaurirana Kwemagariro Akaoma Kwakaparadzaniswa kubva kuAustism
Kunyange zvazvo inofanirwa, muchirevo, ive yakananga zvakakwana kusiyanisa autism kubva kuCSD, ichokwadi chaizvo. Mune chikamu, izvi ndezvokuti kuzviita zvekudzokorora hakufaniri kuvepo kune autism kuongororwa kunopiwa . Zvechokwadi, kana kudzokorora kwakadzika kwakambovepo , kunyange makore gumi apfuura, uye kubvira kare zvakanyangarika, unogona kuwanikwa uine autism . Heuno maitiro aya aya anonyanya kushamisa anotsanangurwa mu DSM:
Vanhu vane autism spectrum disorder vangangoratidzira zvisizvo / zvakadzokorora maitiro emafambiro, zvido, uye mabasa panguva yekukura kwekutanga, saka nhoroondo yakazara inofanira kuwanikwa. Kusavapo kwezviratidzo zvisingagoni kuvharidzira kuongororwa kweAvism spectrum disorder, kana zvidimbu zvisingabvumirwi uye kuzvidzokorora mafambiro zvaivepo munguva yakapfuura. Kuongororwa kwehutano (pragmatic) chirwere chekukurukurirana kunofanirwa kuongororwa chete kana nhepfenyuro yekukurira inokundikana kuzarura hupi upi hwehupfungwa / hudzokorora mararamiro emafambiro, zvido, kana mabasa.
Saka, kunyanya muchirevo, munhu chero upi zvake aimbova nemafungiro asingadzokeri uye zvino ane pragmatic kutaura zvinogona kuonekwa se autistic. Nokudaro iyo (zvakare zvakare munyaya) haigoni kuenderera mberi kubva kune autism kuongororwa kune SCD kuongororwa. Zvakare, chirwere cheSDD chinogona kupiwa mushure mokunge muongorori akaongorora nhoroondo yehutano hwemwana zvakadzika.
Shoko kubva
Vabereki vanogona kunzwa vakagumbuka kana mwana wavo achiwana autism chirwere chekuona panzvimbo pekudzivirira SCD kuongororwa, kunyanya kana mwana wavo ari kuita zvakanaka kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kwekukurukurirana kwevanhu. Vangatotadza kusataura nezvekare kare maitiro e-autism-akaita sevana vavo "akabuda," kuitira kuti vasaita autism spectrum kuongorora. Asi zvinonyanya kuitika kuti autism inoongorora ichabatsira mwana wako nenzira dzakawanda kupfuura zvaungatarisira. Munhu ane "chete" Social Communication Disorder angasawana imwechete yehutano semunhu ane zviratidzo zvimwechete uye Autism Spectrum kuongorora. Saka kunyange kana mwana wako ari kunze kana akadzidza kugadzirisa zviratidzo zve autistic , zvingave zvakakosha nguva yako kutsanangura zviratidzo zvekare kuti ubatsire mwana wako kuti akwanise kuwana chirwere chinopa humwe huri nani uye huri nani uye rubatsiro
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC.
> Gibson, J., Adams, C., Lockton, E. uye Green, J. (2013), kushamwaridzana kwehutano hwemagariro kunze kwevhisiki? Chirwere chekuongorora chinoshandiswa pakutsanangura kukanganisa kwemutauro we pragmatic, kukwirira kwakanyanya autism uye kukanganisika kwemutauro. J Child Psychol Psychiatr, 54: 1186-1197.
> Swineford, Lauren et al. Zvemagariro (pragmatic) kutaurirana chirwere: kutsvakurudza kutsvakurudza kwechikamu ichi chitsva chekuongorora chirongwa che DSM-5. Nhamba yeNeurodevelopmental Disorders 2014 6 : 41