Asperger syndrome, imwe yezvishanu kuongororwa mukati meboka rinowanzokurudzirwa kwekuvandudzwa kwekuvandudza, yakanyatsoiswa kuAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders ( DSM-IV ) muna 1994. Yakatsanangura vanhu vane maitiro epamusoro-soro eodism .
Asperger syndrome yakabviswa pamutemo kubva pane inotevera yebhuku racho, DSM-V, muna 2013.
Nhasi, vanhu vane zviratidzo zvekudaidzwa kunonzi Asperger syndrome zvino vava kuonekwa sevanenge vaine imwe yemoto autism spectrum disorder (kunyange zita rekutanga remamiriro aya richiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nevazhinji vasiri vashandi vehutano, uye rinoshandiswa pano).
Asperger syndrome yakasiyana nedzimwe nharo pamusoro pevotism inowanzo chikamu nokuti yaiwanzoongororwa kuvana vakuru nevakuru, kusiyana nevana vaduku zvikuru. Vana vazhinji vane hutsika yakakura yevhisi vanofambisa matanho avo ekutanga-famba nemafara anobhururuka-ndeyekuti vasvike muzera apo vanotarisirwa kutarisira hukama hwemagariro evanhu, kukurukurirana, kana kuti zvinetso (zvinowanzokomberedza chikoro chechitatu, asi dzimwe nguva zvizhinji gare gare).
Iyo DSM-IV yakatsanangura kusiyana kwakasiyana pakati peAsperger syndrome nezvimwe zvirwere zve autism, zvichireva kuti:
- "Zviitiko zvinokosha zveAsperger's Disorder zvakanyanya uye zvakasimudzika zvakanyanya mukushamwaridzana kwevanhu ... uye kubudirira kwekuregererwa, kudzokorora maitiro emafambiro, zvinodiwa, nemabasa ... Kuvhiringidzika kunokonzera kukanganisa kwakakosha mumagariro evanhu, kumabasa, kana zvimwe Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekushanda. Kusiyana neAvistic Disorder , hakusi kwekliniki kunonoka kwekutaura kana kukanganisa mumutauro unowanikwa (semuenzaniso, mazwi asina kushandiswa asina kushandiswa anoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa nemakore maviri, uye mabhesi ekutaurirana ari oga anoshandiswa nemakore 3). ... kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvisinganzwisisiki zvekukurukurirana kwevanhu (semuenzaniso, zvinowanzopa kupa uye kutora kukurukurirana) zvinogona kuitika. "
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinonzwika sezvipikano zvakasiyana pakuonekwa, chokwadi ndechokuti-mumashoko eAperger syndrome nyanzvi Dr. Tony Attwood - "musiyano pakati pekushanda kwevrijini neAsperger syndrome inowanzo mupereta."
Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika apo vana vanokura uye kusiyana kwemazwi emutauro pazera remakore vatatu hazvibatsiri.
Nenguva iyo vanhu vane Asperger syndrome kana kuti autism inobatsira zvikuru vari vechidiki, izvo zvakasarudzwa zvakanyangarika, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kusiyanisa pakati pezvirwere zviviri.
Nhoroondo yeAsperger Syndrome
Hans Asperger akanga ari mwana weVienese wepfungwa dzepfungwa uyo aishanda pamwe neboka revarume, vose avo vaiva nemafungiro akafanana ekukura. Kunyange zvazvo vose vakanga vakangwara uye vaine unyanzvi hwemutauro wakasiyana, vaivewo necheti yevhisi-yezviratidzo.
Somugumisiro wehondo yechipiri yenyika, basa raAsperger rakanyangarika kwemakore akawanda. Apo yakazoonekwa muma1980 apera, yakawana zvinhu zvakawanda zvekufarira. Nhasi, Asperger's syndrome-pasinei nokuti haisisiri gwaro rekuongorora-riri mumashoko anenge mazuva ese.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveAsperger Syndrome (Nhamba 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder)?
Vanhu vakawanda vane autism yakashanda zvikuru havana chinetso nekutaura kwekutanga, uye vanogona kuva vakangwara uye vanogona. Nhau dzinowanzoitika kuvanhu vanorwara neAsperger's (level 1 autism) dzinosanganisira:
- Zvinonetsa nehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye hwekukurukurirana (kukwanisa "kuverenga" mutauro wemuviri, kunzwisisa kunyorera, nezvimwewo)
- Kunzwa kurira kukuru, magetsi akajeka, uye mamwe maonero anonzwa
Vanhu vanogonawo kuva nechinetso ne:
- Kuchinja mumitambo
- Kutaura / kufunga nezvemashoko asina kufarira
- Kufungidzira izvo vamwe vanhu vari kufunga kana kunzwa
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vanhu vane autism yakasimba-havasi kushaiwa hanya uye vanogona kuva netsitsi. Mune dzimwe nguva, dzimwe nguva vanogona kuva nemanzwiro, kunyanya kunzwa, uye nyore nyore kune mufaro, kutsamwa, kuora mwoyo, kushingaira, nezvimwewo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangave vakagadzirira uye vanogadzira (kunyange mune vamwe, vangave vachisarudza nguva dzose). Zvinetso zvinomuka, zvisinei, apo vanhu vari kumucheto wakakwirira we autist spectrum vanomira pakurwisana nevekugadzirana kwevanhu kana zvatinotarisirwa zvakaoma uye zvinoda hupamhi hwehutano hwemagariro evanhu.
Kana izvi zvichiita sezvinorondedzera vanhu vakaipa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti munhu ane unhu hunotsanangurwa, asi anokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka mumoyo wake hwezuva nezuva, haazowaniki neAsperger syndrome. Mune mamwe mazwi, vanhu vazhinji vane zvimwe kana zviratidzo zvose zveAsperger syndrome, asi nokuti vanogona kubata basa kana kushanda kuchikoro, vanobatana zvakanaka nevamwe, uye vanozvitarisira zvido zvavo zvezuva nezuva, havanzwisisiki sekuve nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Ndinogona (kana Kuti Mumwe Wandinoziva) Ndine Asperger Syndrome?
Kuisa pachena kuti hapana munhu anogona kugamuchira Asperger's diagnosis zvakare, iwe iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva ane zviratidzo zvakafanana, saka, akakodzera kuti autism inoratidzirwa zvirwere here? Zvechokwadi zvinogoneka, uye kuzviverengera kwakasiyana-siyana kwakagadzirirwa kupa ruzivo rwekuti kana kuongorora kungava pfungwa yakanaka.
Cambridge Lifespan Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS), sangano muUnited Kingdom iro rinoshanda nevanhu vakuru neAsperger's, rakagadzira mhinduro yekunyora-mhinduro gumi kuti ibatsire nekutangira kuzvidzivirira:
- Ndinowana hukama hwevanhu hunokanganisa.
- Ndinoona zvakaoma kuita hurukuro duku.
- Handina kunakidzwa nekufungidzira kunyorwa kwenyaya kuchikoro.
- Ini ndakanaka pakutsvaga mashoko uye chokwadi.
- Ndinoona zvakaoma kushanda izvo vamwe vanhu vari kufunga uye kunzwa.
- Ndinokwanisa kutarisa pane zvimwe zvinhu kwenguva yakareba.
- Vanhu vanowanzotaura kuti ndakanga ndisina hanya kunyange apo ndakanga ndisingadi kuva.
- Ndine simba risingadikanwi, zvishoma.
- Ndinoita zvimwe zvinhu nenzira isinganzwisisiki, yakadzokorora .
- Ndagara ndichiomerwa kuita shamwari.
Kana iwe ukapindura "hongu" kune dzakawanda dzemibvunzo iyi maererano newe pachako kana kuti waunoda, unogona kunge wakafumura nyaya isina kuwanikwa yeAsperger syndrome / level 1 autism spectrum disorder. (Zvechokwadi, kukurukurirana nehutano hwehutano huripo zvisati zvasvika kune chero zvikonzero, zvisinei.) Kune vamwe vechidiki nevakura, iyi inorasikirwa zvikuru: Inoisa zita pamatambudziko akavhiringidza muupenyu hwavo hwose . Inotsemurawo mukova wokutsigira, kurapwa, uye munharaunda.
Shoko Rinobva
Kune vanongorori vezvepfungwa, vezvechirwere chepfungwa, nevamwe vadzidzisi vane ruzivo rwakananga ruzivo rwekushanda kwema autism muvechidiki nevakuru. Vanyori ava vanogona kukwanisa kurapa kurapwa kwakadai sehutano hwemagariro ekudzidzisa, chirongwa chekutaura, chirongwa chebasa rezvemishonga, nezvimwe. Vangave vakakwanisa kukurudzira iwe kumativi ekutsigira uye mapoka ekudzivirira.
Asi ziva kuti hapana chakafanira kuita chero zvacho pamusoro peAsperger syndrome. Muzvokwadi, vazhinji vakura vanofunga kuti kuva "mhirizhonga," sezvinonzi vamwe vanhu vanoriidza, chinhu chekuzvikudza. Izvi zvakasiyana, zvinowanzobudirira vanhu vari kungo ... ivo pachavo.
Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Zviratidzo zvekuona nezveAperger's disorder. MuDaagnostic and statistics book of mental disorders (Fourth edition --- text revision (DSM-IV-TR) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 84.
> American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.).
> Autism Research Center, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge. Website. 2016.
> Kubvunzurudzwa naDkt Tony Attwood, May, 2007.