Utachiona hweHIV huripo hunofananidzwa nekuparadzirwa uye zvirwere Kubudirira
Makore matatu mushure mekutanga kwematambudziko eAIDS muUnited States, masayendisiti matatu, Robert Gallo , Luc Montagnier, naFrancoise Barre-Sinoussi , vakawana hutachiona hwakakonzera ichi chishamiso chekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvekudzivirirwa mumuviri, HIV.
Makore anoverengeka gare gare, dambudziko idzva rawanikwa mumurume aigara muAfrica, iro rine maitiro akasiyana-siyana akasiyana neaya ari oga muEurope neNorth America.
Somugumisiro, hutachiona hwepakutanga hwakatumidzwa hutachiona hweHIV-1 apo dambudziko ritsva rainzi HIV-2 .
Muzvinyorwa zvehupenyu, kushungurudzika kunongova maitiro akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu hunoita kuti zvive zvakasiyana zvachose. Kufanana kunogona kuvapo asi ivo pakupedzisira zvipimo zvakasununguka. Kuwanda kwevanhu, HIV-2 inonyanya kufanana nehutachiwana hweHIV nezvimwe zvisinganzwisisiki asi zvakasiyana.
Ko HIV-1 uye HIV-2 yakafanana sei?
Pasinei nekusiyana kwemazita avo, HIV-1 neHIV-2 vanogovana zvakafanana:
- Nzira dzekutumira kune imwe chete (kubata pabonde, ropa-ku-ropa, kutumira amai kusvika kumwana ).
- Vanhu vane utachiwana hweHIV-2 vanozviisa pasi pezvirwere zvakakosha zvinoenderana neavo vanotapukirwa neHIV-1.
- HIV-1 neHIV-2 inobatwa nemishonga yakafanana yekurapa .
- Kuongorora kweCD4 imwechete kunogona kushandiswa kuongororwa neHIV-1 uye HIV-2 kuwedzera kwezvirwere.
Ko HIV-1 neHIV-2 yakasiyana sei?
Panewo kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana pakati peHIV-1 neHIV-2.Pakati pavo:
- Utachiona hweHIV-2 hunoratidzika sehuwandu hwehutachiona, kazhinji huchidzivirira hutachiona hwemasikirwo zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura HIV-1.
- Vanhu vane HIV-2 vanoita sevasingatapuriki muchikamu chekutanga chechirwere ichi vachienzaniswa nevaya vane HIV-1.
- Zvisinei, HIV-2 inoratidzika seyo inotapukira mune imwe nguva mune zvikamu zvirwere apo CD4 coun t inoderera pasi pe 200 masero / mL.
HIV-2 inowanzoomeserwa kune dzimwe nhengo dzenyika kana ichienzaniswa neHIV-1 (kunyange zvazvo kufamba kwenyika dzose kwakabvumira kuwedzera kuparadzirwa kwenyika yose)
Utachiona hwehutachiona hunoshandiswa hutachiona hweHIV-1 hahuna kuvimbika kune vanhu vane utachiona hweHIV-2.
- Dzimwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kushanda zvisingabatsiri kune vanhu vane HIV-2 kunyange izvi zvakanyanyoenderana nezera rekare remishonga kupfuura zvitsva.
Ndepapi muNyika mune HIV-2 Inowanzobatana?
HIV-2 inonyanya kuiswa muWest Africa nyika dzakadai seSenegal, Nigeria, Ghana, uye Ivory Coast. Munguva yakapfuura, mashoma mashoma akataurwa kunze kwenzvimbo idzi, asi nhamba idzi dzinokurumidza kuchinja, kunyanya muHIV-2-yakawanda nyika inowanzoonekwa nevatambi vemunyika yose kana avo vane huwandu hwevanhu vanobva kune HIV-2-yakawanda nyika.
Uyezve, mukati meHIV-1 neHIV-2 pane mapoka mashoma, subtypes ("clades"), uye sub-subtypes , izvo zvinowedzera hutachiona hwehutachiona. Ndizvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti HIV iite "chinangwa chakanaka" kune vanotsvakurudza vanoedza kubata chirwere chinokwanisa kurapa maitiro ose akasiyana ehutachiona.
Iko kune mairi masere mapoka eHIV-2, kunyange zvazvo zvishoma chete zvinyorwa A neB zvinonzi sehosha.
HIV-2 inofungidzirwa kuti yakave yakasangana nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kubva muhutachiona hweSIV hunoita kuti mhuka dzinokanganisa mangabeys dzive zvakananga kuvanhu.
VHIV-2 Boka A inonyanya kuonekwa muWest Africa, kunyange zvazvo kufamba kwenyika dzose kwakaita kuti zviduku zviduku zvakanyorwa zvinyorwa muU.S., Europe, Brazil neIndia. Kusiyana neizvi, HIV-2 Boka B rave rakachengetwa kune zvikamu zveWest Africa.
Kusiyana neizvi, HIV-1 ine mapoka mana uye mashoma akawanda anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye boka rakasiyana, kusanganisira varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume uye vanoshandisa vashandisi vezvinodhaka .
Shoko Rinobva
Munguva yakapfuura, kuwanika kwekuongororwa kweHIV-2 kwakakosha uye kunongowanikwa nekukumbira kunokosha.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvakadaro, mutsva-chizvarwa chekuenzanisa kuongororwa (kusanganisira Alere Determine Combo ) yakasunungurwa mumusika, inokwanisa kuedza kwete chete HIV-1 neHIV-2 asi yeHIV-antibodies uye antigen, pamwe chete.
Pasinei nokuti unoedza kuva neHIV-1 neHIV-2, zvinokosha kuti iwe unogara uchiwana unyanzvi hwehutachiwana hweHIV uyo anokwanisa kubatsira kuongorora kuti ndeupi mushonga unobatsira kurapa HIV yako. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa neropa rekuongorora iro rinogona kugadzirisa maitiro ehutachiona hwako, pamwe nekuziva ma antigen anotaura nezve HIV kana 1 kana HIV-2.
Iyi miedzo icharondedzera kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kunopa kuvhiringidza zvinodhaka mumhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yeHIV. Nokusiya kushandiswa kwemishonga isingashandisi uye kuchengeta avo vanoita, unogona kuva nechokwadi chekugadzirisa zvakanakisisa kurapwa kwechirwere chero chipi nechipi chetachiona.
> Sources;
> de Cock, K. et. al. "Epidemiology uye kutapurirwa kweHIV-2: nei pasina HIV-2 chirwere"; JAMA. 1993; 270 (17): pp 2083-2086.
> Palm A .; Esbjörnsson, J .; Månsson, F .; et al. "Kufambira mberi nokukurumidza kuAIDS neAIDS inosangana nehupenyu pakati pekuparadzanisa vanhu vanotapukirwa neHIV-1 A3 / CRF02_AG yakaenzaniswa ne-sub-subtype A3." Zvinyorwa zveHIV Zvinotapukira. March 1, 2014; 209 (5): 721-728.
> Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A .; Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Kutapurirwa kweHIV-1 subtype uye maitiro evanhu vanoongorora vatsva muEurope vanoratidzira zvirwere zvakanyanya." Retrovirology. January 14, 2013; 10: 7; doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.
> Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A .; Paraskevis, D .; et al. "Kutapurirwa kweHIV-1 subtype uye nhamba yevanhu vanoona nezvevanhu vane hutachiwana muEurope vanoratidzira zvirwere zvakanyanya kwazvo." Retrovirology. January 14, 2013; 10: 7; doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.