Waizviziva here kuti vakadzi vane mamiriyoni makumi maviri munyika yose vari kurarama neHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) uye AIDS (inowana immunodeficiency syndrome)? Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO) hafu yevaya vanogara neHIV / AIDS ndeyevakadzi vane mamiriyoni makumi maviri.
Sangano reUnited States for Disease Control (CDC) rinoshuma kuti 159 271 vechidiki nevakadzi vakuru vakabata AIDS pakupera kwa2002.
Kuwanda kwematambudziko eUnited AIDS muvechiri kuyaruka uye vakadzi vakuru vashanu vanowanikwa kubva kune vanomwe kubva muzana muna 1985 kusvika 26 muzana muna 2002. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti, pasinei nematare aya, AIDS nenyaya dzevechiri kuyaruka uye vakadzi vakuru vakadarika ne17 muzana munguva ino uye vane yakasarudzwa pamusana pekubudirira kweraretroviral therapies iyo inobatsira kudzivirira kufambira mberi kweHIV neAIDS.
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti inenge gumi kubva muzana yematambudziko eAIDS akataurirwa kuCDC kuburikidza naDecember 2002 yakaitika kuvakadzi vaiva nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri kana vaduku. Nepo vakadzi veEpanthani kana veAfrica-America vakagadzira zvishoma kudarika 25 muzana yevakadzi vekuUnited States, vanodarika makumi mapfumbamwe nezana makumi mapfumbamwe nezana emakumi matatu ematambudziko eAIDS kuvakadzi.
HIV inotumirwa sei?
Munyika yose, nzira huru yekutapurirwa kweHIV ndeyekuita zvepabonde nevakadzi vanopfuura 90 muzana yevechiri kuyaruka uye vakuru vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanoitika nenzira iyi. MuUnited States heterosexual zvepabonde yakareva 42 muzana yehutachiwana hutachiwana hweHIV muna 2002, asi 21 kubva muzana yehutachiona hweHIV huri mukati mevakadzi hwakagadzirwa nekuda kwekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Kunyange zvazvo hutachiona hweHIV hunoitika kune vose vari pakati pepabonde panguva yekuita zvepabonde, dambudziko revakadzi rakanyanya kukura. Kubudiswa kwemukadzi mucosal tissue kusvika seminal fluid munguva yekuita zvepabonde ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera izvi. Mumazuva okutanga ehutachiwana hweAIDS, mberi kwekuongororwa kweropa uye nemishonga yeropa yevanorwisa HIV, HIV yakaitika kune vamwe varwere semugumisiro wekuwedzerwa ropa neropa.
Dzimwe nzira HIV inoparidzirwa inosanganisira:
- Kupindira kwemishonga isina kutenderwa, kana kugoverana kana kushandiswa nendira dzakashandiswa kare
- Murume-ku-murume pabonde
- Kubatana nemvura yomumwe munhu yemuviri yakadai seropa, semheni, kana kuti mumadzimai ekuvhara (hazvisi kusanganisira jira kana salivha.)
Ndapota cherechedza kuti kuita zvepabonde kunosanganisira zvepabonde uye zvepabonde , pamwe chete nemukati wepabonde .
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveHIV / AIDS?
Kunyange zvazvo varume nevakadzi vachiwana zviratidzo zvakawanda, vakadzi vanowanzoda kurwisana nezvimwe zviratidzo zvevakadzi zve HIV zvakadai se:
- Kurwisana kana hutachiona hutachiona hwepamuviri kunyanya vaginal mbiriso zvirwere .
- Pap smears iyo inoratidza chirwere chechivharo dysplasia kana zvimwe zvinoshanduka kuchinja.
- Pelvic zvirwere zvakadai seplavic inflammatory disease (PID.)
Kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vane HIV vanowanzoona hutano hwevakadzi ava, vakadzi vasina HIV vanowanikwawo zvirwere zvepabonde, zvirwere zvepasmasi zvisingawanzoitiki uye zvirwere zvepachivic.
Zvimwe zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvingaratidza kutapurirwa kweHIV zvinosanganisira:
- Genital warts
- Genital ulcers
- Muvere mucosal herpes zvirwere
Kazhinji, mukati memavhiki mashomanana ehutachiona, varume nevakadzi vanoona zviratidzo zvinoputika. Vamwe havana zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zveHIV kana AIDS kusvika makore akawanda gare gare.
Izvi zvinoita kuti kuongororwa kweHIV kuve kwakakosha kune avo vane maitiro azvino kana kuti apfuura akaipisisa. Dzimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika apo HIV / AIDS inofambira mberi inosanganisira:
- Kupfigira lymph glands mumutsipa, nzvimbo yepasi, kana kugomera
- Kazhinji mafungo anosanganisira usiku kutuka
- Kukurumidza kuora kurasikirwa pasina kudya
- Nguva dzose kuneta
- Kuderedza kudya kudya uye chirwere
- Mavara matsvuku kana zvirema zvisingawanzo mumuromo
Yeuka, nzira chete yaunogona kuziva kana iwe usina HIV / AIDS ndeyekuongororwa.
Ndezvipi zviito zvakanyanya kuipa?
Nemhaka yokuti tinoziva kuti HIV, hutachiona hunokonzera AIDS, inopfurikidza kuburikidza nemadziviriro emumuviri akadai seropa, marara, uye zvepabonde, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti maitiro akaipisisa anowanikwa neHIV / AIDS anosanganisira:
- Kushandiswa kwemazuva ano kana nhoroondo yekushandiswa kwemishonga zvisingabvumirwi nemutemo uchishandiswa mishonga ye hypodermic
- Nhoroondo yekuita zvepabonde kune zvinodhaka kana mari
- Kuva nepabonde isina kudzivirirwa nemurume akamboita zvepabonde nemumwe murume
- Kuita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirira nemumwe munhu iye zvino kana kuti akapindwa muropa nemishonga yemugwagwa
- Nhoroondo yevanhu vakawanda vanoita zvepabonde, kana kuva neshamwari inosanganisira nhoroondo dzakawanda dzepabonde
- Kuva nepabonde risina kudzivirirwa nemumwe munhu ane chimwe chezviitiko izvozvi
Ngozi yako yeHIV inowedzera kana iwe wakambove wakatarwa kana kuti ikozvino unozivikanwa nehupatitis, tuberculosis (TB), kana zvirwere zveSDD, kana iwe wakagamuchira kuwedzerwa kweropa kana kuvhara ropa pakati pe1978 ne1985 apo ropa raisawanzoongororwa kuti rive nehutachiona hweHIV.
Iwe hauna HIV / AIDS nekutsvoda, uchishandisa midziyo yakafanana, kukumbirisa, kuburikidza ne swet kana saliva, kana kusangana kwemazuva ose kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunyange zvazvo pasina nyaya imwe chete yeHIV inongoratidzirwa chete kumukadzi-kumu-mukadzi kuita zvepabonde, vatsvakurudzi havagoni kutaura zvakananga kuti mukadzi-kumukadzi zvepabonde haisi ngozi yekutapukirwa kweHIV.
Ndingazvidzivirira sei kubva kune HIV / AIDS?
Kudzivirirwa kurwisana neHIV / AIDS kune chokwadi kune ani zvake anoramba achiita zvepabonde uye asingamboiti mukushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka . Zvichida hazvizoitiki nokuda kwekushandiswa kwakakwana uye kwakarurama kwekondomu uye / kana madzinesi emeno inokosha kune avo vasiri muhukama hwemakore akawanda. Zvechokwadi, apo makondomu nemadzimai emamenzura zvinogona kupa chidziviriro chakanakisisa pamusoro peHIV neAIDS, unofanirwa kuziva kuti makondomu kana madhaini emeno haasi asina maturo. Makondomu dzimwe nguva anoputsa uye haambovi chivimbo chekuchengetedzwa neHIV / AIDS, STDS, kana pamuviri.
Usamboedza ku "kudzivirira kaviri" iwe pachako uchishandisa kondomu yevarume nevakadzi panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kukuvadza mumwe kana kuti maviri emakondomu, nokudaro asingakwanisi kuchengetedza mumwe wako kubva HIV kana zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde (STD).
Ndingaongororwa sei neHIV?
Kuongororwa kweropa kusinganzwisisiki kunoongororwa neHIV-anti-antibody ndiyo yose inotarisirwa kuti uone kana iwe une utachiona. Uyu muedzo unoona kuvapo kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemuviri mukuedza kurwisana neHIV.
Kana iwe uchidavira kuonekwa kweHIV , taura nemutarisiri wako wehutano nezvekuongororwa kweHIV. Kunyange zvazvo chiyero chenguva yakareba kubva pakusangana nekuvapo kwekuonekwa kweHIV antibodies mazuva makumi maviri zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba semwedzi 6-12 pane dzimwe nguva vasati vasvika ma antibodies. Mutapi wehutano wako anogona kukurudzira kuedza pamwedzi mumwe, mwedzi mitatu, mwedzi mitanhatu, uye gore rimwe mushure mokunge ataridzika.
Kuwedzera kune chiremba wako, dhipatimendi rako rehutano hwekugara, kliniki yeTV, kana kliniki yekuronga mhuri inogona kukubatsira kuti uongorore. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekuongororwa kweHIV uye kuwana kliniki yekuongorora munharaunda yako shanyira maDCC National National Testing Resources site pa http://www.hivtest.org kana kudana CDC National AIDS Hotline maawa makumi maviri nemaviri masikati, mazuva 365 pagore pa :
- 1-800-342-AIDS (1-800-342-2437)
- 1-800-AIDS-TTY (1-800-243-7889) TTY
- 1-800-344-AIDS (1-800-344-7432) Spanish
Zvinyorwa: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), uye World Health Organization (WHO).