Toxoplasmosis haisi chirwere chatinonzwa zvose izvozvi, asi imwe inogona kukanganisa imwe yevamwe veAmerica pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwavo. Zviratidzo zve toxoplasmosis zvinowanzova zvinyoro uye zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa kwemasuru, fivhiri, kuneta, kuora musoro, uye kuvhupa lymph nodes, dzimwe nguva zvinogara kwevhiki. Zvisinei, muhuwandu hwemhosva, pachava nezvidiki, kana zvikadaro, zviratidzo zvakajeka zvehutachiona.
Chirwere ichi chinongova chakakomba kana chichibva kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura kana kuti chinoitika kune vanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV . Muzviitiko zviviri, Toxoplasma gondii, chirwere chinokonzera chirwere chacho, chinogona kukohwa kukanganisa kwakanyanya kuuropi, maziso, mapapu, uye dzimwe nhengo huru. Munharaunda iyi yevanhu, kana isina kutaurirwa, toxoplasmosis inogona kutungamirira kukuremara mumuviri uye mupfungwa uye kunyange rufu.
Zviratidzo Zvakare
Mune vanhu vane masimba ezvidzivirira zvemuviri , kusvika 90 muzana yezviitiko zve toxoplasmosis zvichange zvisingatauriki zvachose (pasina zviratidzo). Sezvo zvakadaro, vanhu vazhinji havazove vaziva kunyange kuti vakatapukirwa.
Kana zviratidzo zvakaoma zvikaonekwa, zvinowanzonyanya kuva zvinyoro uye zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Low-grade fever (yakadzika kupfuura 100.4 o F)
- Headache
- Kuneta
- Kudzora lymph nodes ( lymphadenopathy )
- Muscle aches (myalgia)
- Manzwiro evanhu vakawanda ekusava nehanya (malaise)
Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvisingawanzoipira, dzimwe nguva dzinogona kupfuurira kwemavhiki pakupera.
Uyezve, nokuti zviratidzo izvi hazvina kunyanya kuitika, zvinogona nyore kukanganiswa nezvimwe zvirwere, zvakadai sehosha , infectious mononucleosis , kana kunyange chirwere cheLyme . Kunyange zvazvo acute toxoplasmosis inogona kusiyaniswa pane imwe nguva kuburikidza nekushayikwa kwemamwe zviratidzo (zvakadai sokukanganiswa, hoora, kana kuputika), inogona kungogadziriswa neropa rekuongorora kana kuongororwa kweperebrospinal fluid kana samples samples.
Kana kamwe utachiona hwaitika, muviri wechipfuviriro chekudzivirira muviri unozoita kuti uwedzere kutungamirirwa. Chirwere ichocho chichabva chafamba muchikamu chinenge chisina kupera umo chirwere chinokonzera kristi, inozivikanwa sa bradyzoite, pamativi akasiyana emuviri (kusanganisira uropi, mwoyo, maziso, chiropa, uye mapapu). Kunze kwekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvisingagadziriswi , bradyzoites inogona kuramba iri mumamiriro ekurara kwehupenyu hwose.
Congenital Symptoms
Nepo T. gondii inowanzoparadzirwa nezvokudya zvakasvibiswa kana nekunyorerana-ku-muromo kusangana nemakumbo emakaka, inogonawo kutapudzwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura.
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu, anozivikanwa se congenital toxoplasmosis, anokonzera vakawanda sevane zviuru gumi nezviviri vanozvitakura muUnited States, maererano neshumo inobva kuAmerican Academy yePediatric's Committee ye Infectious Diseases. Kunyange zvazvo zviitiko zvakawanda zvichikonzerwa apo amai vangobva kutapukirwa munguva yekuzvitakura, vamwe vanogona kuva mugumisiro wekuitazve kwechirwere chakapfuura (kazhinji kaamai vari neHIV).
Dambudziko rekuzvarwa Dambudziko
Kunyange zvazvo njodzi yekuparidzirwa kweT. gondii inowedzera kuwedzera panguva dzekupedzisira dzechirwere, kukanganisa kunogona kuve kukuru pane imwe yekutanga kwekutanga kwekutanga. Iyi ndiyo apo masero e fetal stem ari kungotanga kushandura uye kukura kuva masero europi, mwoyo, uye dzimwe nhengo.
Kukuvara panguva ino yekutanga yekuvandudza kunogona kuva nengozi. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, zvinogona kutungamirira kuremera rekuberekwa kusingagadziriswi inozivikanwa se microcephaly (umo mwana anoberekerwa ane musoro asinganzwisisiki uye uropi) uye macrocephaly (apo mwana anoberekwa anoberekwa ane musoro mukuru uye uropi husina kukwana).
Zviratidzo Zvinozivikanwa
Congenital toxoplasmosis inogonawo kuwedzera mukana wekuparara uye kuberekwa. Inenge 50 muzana yematambudziko ichaita kuti nguva isati yasununguka inoberekwa nechepamusi kuberekwa uremu, kazhinji kana mwana atapukirwa musati mavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri ekuberekwa.
Vana vacheche vane toxoplasmosis yakawanda vanowanzova nezviratidzo pakuberekwa kana kuvakurira mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga yehupenyu.
Zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zvichange zvakabatana nehutatu hwezvinetso zvinowanzoonekwa mumatambudziko akaoma, kusanganisira hydrocephalus ("mvura muuropi"), chorioretinitis (kuvhiringidzika kwechidiroid uye retina yeziso), uye kusagadzikana calcification (zvisina kujairika ye calcium muuropi pamusana pehutachiona).
Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Jaundice (kuchena kweganda nemeso)
- Kudzora
- Diarrhea
- Zvinetso zvekudyisa, kusanganisira kuoma kuedza ( dysphagia )
- Kuputira nekuona zvinetso
- Kunzwa kurasikirwa
- Dambudziko rekutaura ( dysarthria )
- Dambudziko rekufamba, kubatana, uye unyanzvi hwemotokari
- Kukura kunonoka
- Kuremara kwepfungwa (zvishoma kusvika kune zvakanyanya)
- Kugumburwa
Matambudziko muvanhu vane HIV
Toxoplasmosis haigoni kuchinja vanhu vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere. Inongova iyo apo maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinokonzerwa kuti zvirwere zvakanyanya zvechirwere zvinogona kuonekwa. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingaitika kune vanogamuchira nhengo kana vanhu vanorapwa nekenza (mapoka ose maviri avo vanorapwa nemishonga inoparadza mishonga), boka rakanyanya kuitika ndevaya vanorwara neAIDS .
Toxoplasmic Encephalitis
AIDS inotsanangurwa segadziriro yekutapukirwa kweHIV umo munhu ane pasi pe2004 CD4 T-seli (rudzi rwechichena chemukati ropa rinodzivirira kudzivirira muviri). Sezvo zvakadaro, mamiriro akaita se-toxoplasmic encephalitis (toxoplasmosis yeuropi) inofungidzirwa seAIDS-kujekesa , sezvaisingawanzoonekwi kunze kweAIDS kuongororwa.
Iropi, ikoizvo, iyo nhengo inonyanya kuitika apo T. gondii inogadzirisa zvakare. Ndiyo nzvimbo iyo bradyzoites inongowedzera kupfurikidza asi inopfuurira, kazhinji nokuda kwehupenyu hwemusha. Pasina kudzivirirwa mumuviri kuzvidzivirira pacharo, uropi uye hutachiona hutachiona hunogona kuva hwakaoma uye dzimwe nguva husingaregi kukuvadzwa.
Zviratidzo zveexoplasmic encephalitis dzinosanganisira:
- Headache
- Fever
- Utsi husina simba
- Kusanganiswa
- Matambudziko uye kutaura
- Kugumburwa
- Unhu hunochinja
- Dementia
- Schizophrenia
- Coma
Zvimwe Zvirwere Zvinetso
Uropi haisi yega yega inogona kuchinjwa ne toxoplasmosis. Kana T. gondii achiita zvakare muziso (macular toxoplasmosis), inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa, kubwinya, kurwadziwa kweziso, kunyanya kuputika, mapofu ( scotomas ), uye kunyanya chiedza senzwi.
Kubudirirazve mumapapu (pulmonary toxoplasmosis) kunogona kuratidza nefivha, kufema kwekufema ( dyspnea ), kuputika, chifuva chisimba, uye kusaputika kunokonzera.
Kana ikasatenderwa, toxoplasmosis kune vanhu vane HIV inenge ichienda kune rufu.
Nguva Yokuona Chiremba
Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vasingazivi kuti vane toxoplasmosis, havazogoni kutsvaga uye, mumatambudziko akawanda, haazodiwi.
Zvisinei, kana iwe uri nepamuviri uye wakaziviswa kuti une chirwere chemazuva ano, uchada kuona chiremba kuti uone kana mwana wako atapukirwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira amniocentesis (umo netairi inoshandiswa kubvisa fluid kubva kumamniotic sac kuti iongorore utachiona) kana kuti ultrasound (kutarisa zviratidzo zvakadai se hydrocephalus).
Kana chirwere chinogadziriswa chinogamuchirwa, iwe uchagadzwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pane imwe nguva muchipiri chetatu kuti uderedze dambudziko remwana wako wezvinetso. Kana uine HIV, unogona kutanga.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Zvirwere - Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Infection)." Atlanta, Georgia; July 10, 2014.
> Lee, S. na Lee. T. "Toxoplasmic Encephalitis mu Murwere neAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Kubata Kwepfungwa Kubata. 2017; 5 (1): 34-36. DOI: 10.1479 / btrt.2017.5.1.34.
> Maldonado, J. uye Read, S. "Kuziva, Kurapa, uye Kudzivirira kweConstitution Toxoplasmosis muUnited States." Pediatrics. 2017; 139 (2): e20163860. DOI: 10.1542 / peds.2016-3860.
> McAuley, J. "Congenital Toxoplasmosis." J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2014; 3 (Suppl 1): S30- S35. DOI: 10.1093 / jpids / piu077.
> Park, Y. uye Nam. H. "Clinical Features and Treatment ya Ocular Toxoplasmosis." Korean J Parasitol. 2013; 51 (4): 393-399. DOI: 10.3357 / kjp.2013.51.4.393.