Kufungidzira kwemagariro kunoda kuziva nekududzira zvinyengeri.
Kufunga kwevanhu ndeye izwi rimwe chete rinoshandiswa kurondedzera zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopinda mukufamba kwemamiriro ezvinhu evanhu. Iko kunosanganisira kuziva nekushandura kwakarurama kwemashoko asina mazwi, inzwi rezwi, chirevo, uye zvematongerwo enyika. Iko kunosanganisira kukwanisa kupindura zvakakodzera kubva pane zvese zvemagariro zviripo zviripo. Kune vanhu vane autism (kunyanya kukwirira kushandisa autism), unyanzvi hwekufunga hwevanhu hunooma kuwana uye kushandisa.
Chii Chiri Kufunga Kwemagariro evanhu "Neurotypical" Vanhu?
Iwe unomira kwekofi munzira yekuenda uye ona kuti barista inotarisa kunyanya kuneta. Iwe unobvunza "Iwe uriko?" uye anosemwerera sezvaanotsanangura kuti mwana wake mutsva akamuchengeta usiku hwose.
Pabasa, iwe unotora pamusoro pokuti vazhinji vashandi-vashandi vanounganidzwa mune zvishoma zvishomanana vachitaura vakanyarara. Apo iwe uchifamba, boka rinotarisa kumusoro uye rinorega kutaura. Iwe unomira kwekanguva kuti uwane rubatsiro pane mafungiro eboka racho, uye unonzwa uine ruzivo apo ruzha rukazaruka, nhengo dzeboka dzinonyemwerera, uye mutariri wehofisi anokunyengeterera iwe. "Tiri kuronga mwana mucheche kuna Kim," iye anoti. "Uya ubatane nesu!" Iwe unonyemwerera shure uye wapedza maminitsi mashoma uchibatsira kuronga chiitiko.
Iwe unoita chikonzero chekumira nehofisi yebasa rako kuti utaure mangwanani akanaka, nokuti unoziva anokoshesa hukama hwemunhu. Iwe unotaurirana kwemaminitsi mashomanana usati wapinda kudeski yako.
Pane imwe nhanho iri munzira yako kuenda kubasa, wakashandisa unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu uye hutano hwemagariro kuti ucherechere, unonzwisisa, uye unopindura kune mamiriro ezvinhu anosanganisira vamwe vanhu-nokudaro kuisa nzira yakanaka yezuva.
Kufunga Kwemagariro Evanhu Kunopesana neAustism
Asi zvakadini kana iwe ukaona asi usina kuita manzwiro evanhu vevanhu vakakupoteredza? Somuenzaniso, zvakadini kana iwe ukaona barista achitarisa, asi panzvimbo yekuona baba vakaneta wakaona mumwe munhu achiedza kuramba achikutarisa? Zvakadini kana iwe ukaona ruzivo rwevanhu, asi wakafamba navo nokuti vakanga vasina chokuita nekufambira mberi kwako kuenda kumahofisi ako?
Ko kana iwe usati watora danho rinowanikwa mune zvehupfumi rekumiswa nehofisi yako sebhasi nokuti iwe wakanga usina chizivo chaaiziva humwe humwe hello?
Manzwiro ako, manzwiro ako emunharaunda, uye ukama hwako hwekudzidzira nehuenzi wako huchasangana nematambudziko ose.
Sezvaunofambisa zuva rako, kana uine unyanzvi hwokufungidzira hwevanhu , iwe unobata usingatombozvicherecheri mumabasa maviri anokosha: "pfungwa yekuverenga" uye kutora maonero.
Kungwarira kuverenga, mumutauro uyu, kunoreva kuunganidza pane zvinyama uye zvinyaradzo zvinokuudza kuti mumwe munhu anonzwa sei, kana mune dzimwe nguva, zvaanofunga. Semuenzaniso, iwe waiziva nguva yawaona barista kuti chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kunaka, kuti chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kukuratidza iwe, uye kuti mubvunzo wakanyatsogadziriswa pamusoro pemutauro wake unogona kunge wakakodzera. Mangwana, kana ukaona kuti anonyanya kuneta, iwe uchakwanisa "kuverenga pfungwa dzake," uye kuziva kuti mwana wake ane nguva yakaoma yekurara.
Kutora mafungiro kunosanganisira kuona nyika kubva pane imwe pfungwa. Iwe unoziva kuti mukuru wako, somuenzaniso, ari munhu wepakati pevanhu vomunharaunda uyo akaparadzaniswa nevezera rake semugumisiro wechinzvimbo chake uye nzvimbo yehofisi yake. Kuzvifungidzira uri munzvimbo yake, iwe unoziva kuti anonzwa ari oga uye anokoshesa nguva isinganzwisisiki yekukurukurirana kwevanhu.
Saka iwe unopa izvozvo.
Vanhu vane autism vanoona izvo zvamunoona uye vanonzwa zvamunonzwa, asi vasina kudzidziswa zvakananga, vangasabatanidza zvavanoona nemanzwiro evamwe kana zvido zvavo. Kana mumwe munhu achitaura zvakananga navo, kana zvimwe zviito zvevamwe zvisingabatsire zvakananga kwavari, vanhu vane autism vangangodaro vasingazviregereri. Zvimwe, mune dzimwe nguva (kunyanya nevanhu vari pamucheto wakakwirira we autism spectrum) vanogona kusanzwisisa inzwi rezwi kana mutauro.
Somugumisiro, vanhu vane autism vangave vasingazivi zvachose manzwiro kana zviito zvevamwe, kana kuti vangave vachitsanangurira manzwiro evamwe uye vavariro dzavo.
Zvinonzwisisika, izvi zvinotungamirira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingagamuchirwi, zvichibva pakuparadzanisa (havasi vakakokwa kumvura ye Kim nekuti havana kubatanidzwa pakugadzirisa iyo) kudzvinyirira kune kusanzwisisana kwakakomba maererano nezvido zvepabonde nezvimwe nyaya.
Kubatsira Vanhu Vemagetsi Kuvaka Unyanzvi hwekufunga zvekugara
Kunyange zvazvo hutano hwevanhu huripo hwakanga hwakanga hwakapoteredza nokusingaperi, pfungwa yokuti hutano hwevanhu huno unyanzvi hunogona uye hunofanira kudzidziswa huri hutsva. Michele Garcia Winner akagadzira mutsara wekuti "kufungidzira kwevanhu," uye akaumba zvidzidzo kuti adzidzise unyanzvi kuburikidza nekuraira kwakananga nekuita. Winner's curricula inogadzirirwa vana vane autism avo vari kutanga kutanga kubva pakutanga nevanyanzvi hwavo hwekufunga.
Kufunga kwevanhu munzanga kwakaoma, zvisinei, kune vazhinji vedu. Uye kunyange zvazvo Winner's social thinking curriculum iri kure kwazvo nenzira yakananga uye yekuzvipira yekuvaka pfungwa yekuverenga uye maonero ekutora unyanzvi, ari mukana wakanaka. Dale Carnegie, Anne Landers, uye nevamwe vazhinji vakabatsira kutungamirira vanhu vane hutano hwemagariro evanhu pasi penzira yehutano hwakabatana.
> Sources:
> Peters, Brooks L. Ph.D., "Kubudirira kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu mukuita kuti hurumende dzive nehutano hwevamwe vaduku vane zvinetso zve autism spectrum." Kunyunyuta, Georgia State University, 2016.
> Winner, M. Hurukuro naMichele Garcia Winner . Autism Inotaura. Webhu. 2015.
> Winner, MG & Crooke, P. J. Kufungidzira Kwemagariro: Chidzidzo chekudzidzira kwevashandi uye nzira yekurapa kune vanhu vane ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu / matambudziko emagariro evanhu. Nzira dzekudzidza Mutauro uye Dzidzo: 16 (2); 62-69. Webhu. 2009.