Hatizivi zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nekenza yeropa, asi zvinokonzera njodzi zvinosanganisira kudhakwa kwekudhakwa, kusvuta, chiropa chinokonzerwa nehepatitis B uye hepatitis C, zvimwe zvechiremba uye maitiro, nezvimwe zvinetso. Sezvo pasina kuongororwa kuongororwa nekenza yenguva yemazuva ano, kuziva zviitiko zvako zvengozi uye kuziva zviratidzo uye zviratidzo ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuwana kenza yeropa mukati mekutanga, zvikamu zvinotapurika zvikuru.
Chirwere chechiropa chinogona kukanganisa zvose vana nevakuru asi zvinoitika kakawanda kuvanhu vakuru. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzekenza yeropa , asi zvinokonzera njodzi pasi apa zvinoreva munhu mukuru wechirwere chepurovhesi, inonzi hepatocellular carcinoma uye bile-duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti kenza yeropa uye chirwere chendaneti chinowedzera pasi pose, uye ndiyo inokonzera kukonzera kenza mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Zvinowanzoitika Nengozi
Kanzera inotanga apo runongedzo yezvisikwa zvegenji inotungamirira sero kuti rikure kunze kwekutonga. Izvi zvinogadziriswa sei nekenza yechiropa hazvibvumirwi, asi nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadziriswa. Izvo zvinozivikanwa ndezvokuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita kuti munhu awane dambudziko rekuwedzera chirwere chacho. Vamwe vavo vanoita zvakanyanya, asi vamwe vanogona kukonzera ngozi pfupi chete. Kune dzimwe njodzi dzinowanzoonekwa, asi nyanzvi haazive kana dzakabatana zvechokwadi.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuva nechiitiko chinokonzera kenza yechiropa hakurevi kuti iwe uchakura chirwere chacho.
Inowanzobatanidzwa chezvinhu zvinoshanda pamwechete zvinoguma nekugadzirwa kwemarara. Kukanganiswa kwezvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuwedzera, asi zvinogonawo kuwedzera, zvakadai nekubatanidzwa kwewaini uye kusvuta kana hepatitis B uye kusvuta. Asi, vanhu vanogonawo kuve nekenza yeropa kana vasina imwe yeiyo inozivikanwa panjodzi dzechirwere ichi.
Zvizivikanwa zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira:
Race uye Zvepabonde
Asian uye Pacific Islanders vanokura kanzera yechiropa kanowanzopfuura vanhu vemamwe madzinza, zvikurukuru nemhaka yehutachiona hwehupatachi pakati pematunhu aya. Vanhu vokuCaucasus vanove nekenza yehupusi kashoma, asi chirwere chinenge chichiita sechichiwedzera. Chirwere chechiropa chinowanzowanzoonekwa kune varume kupfuura vakadzi, kunyange zvazvo zvikonzero zvisingaiti zvachose.
Hepatitis B Infection
Kurwara kwehupembenene hweH hepatitis B ndiyo inokonzera kukanganisa kenza yeropa uye ndiyo inokonzera kenza yeropa muAfrica uye yakawanda yeAsia. Inenge 95 muzana yevanhu vanojekesa hutachiona kana vaine hutachiwana, asi zvinenge zvikamu 5 kubva muzana zvinotakura zvirwere zvisingaperi zvechirwere. Ndiwo vanhu ava vari pangozi yekukudzivirira kenza yeropa, asi vamwe vanhu vane chirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere che
Mishonga inowanikwa, asi vanhu vakawanda havazive kuti vanotakura utachiona kana kurarama kune imwe nzvimbo iyo kurapwa kwechiremba kunopfuura kuderera. Kakawanda, vatachiona veH hepatitis B vanowanzokwanisa kuwedzera kenza yeropa, uye 2.5 muzana yevanhu vane chirwere chepirhosis kubva kune hepatitis B (uye 0.5 kusvika 1 kubva muzana yevanhu vasina cirrhosis) vachaita chirwere gore negore.
Hepatitis C Infection
Hepatitis C inosanganisirawo ngozi yakawanda yekukura kwekenza yeropa uye ikozvino ndiyo inokonzera chirwere cheropa muUnited States, Europe, uye Japan. Kusiyana nehepatitis B, vanhu vazhinji havaiti chirwere ichi, uye chinova chirwere chinopfuurira. Vanenge 10 kusvika ku30 muzana yevanhu vane utachiona vanoramba vachiwedzera kukura kwechirwere.
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vanhu vakawanda havazivi kuti vane utachiona, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanhu vose vekuAmerica vakaberekerwa pakati pa1945 na1965 vayorwe. Apo hepatitis C inowanikwa uye inorapwa nemishonga inorwisa maitiro, chirwere chekushongedzwa kwechirwere, uye zvichida kanzera yechiropa inogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.
Kwete-Kunwa Doro Zvisina Mwero Zvirwere Zvirwere (NAFLD)
Izvo zvisina kunwa doro rakawanda chirwere chechiropa chirwere chakafanana nechinwiwa chechiropa chechiropa, asi chinoguma nokuunganidza mafuta muropa (mafuta echiropa) nenzira yakasiyana. Inofungidzirwa kuva chirwere chekudzivirira muviri (umo muviri unoita zvirwere zvinopesana nezvayo) uye inogona kuva nehutachiona hunenge huripo. Ne NAFLD, njodzi yekenza yeropa inenge yakapetwa kaviri kupfuura vanhu vakawanda. Yakabatana zvakanyanya, chirwere chemagetsi chinogonawo kuva chikonzero chekutengesa kenza yechiropa.
Immunosuppression
Kuvhara muviri kunowedzera mukana wekenza yeropa, uyewo mamwe kanzira. Kuva neHIV / AIDS kunobatanidzwa nehutano hukuru hwekuwedzera kenza yechiropa. Nhengo yekutengesa muviri inowanikwa kaviri kacho yekuita kenza yechiropa sehuwandu hwevanhu vazhinji, uye njodzi inonyanya kukosha kune avo vakagamuchira chiropa chekuisa.
Lupus ( Systemic Lupus Erythematosus )
Chikonzero chacho hachina chokwadi, asi vanhu vane lupus vanopfuura kaviri vanogona kuva nekenza yeropa.
Chirwere cheshuga
Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vane mungozi yekenza yeropa yechipiri kusvika katatu yakakwirira kudarika vanhu vakawanda. Zvichifadza, zvinoita sokuti chirwere cheshuga cheshuga Glucophage (metformin) chinogona kuderedza dambudziko iri.
Chemical Exposures (uye Occupational Risk)
Nhamba yemakemikari inowanikwa yakave yakabatanidzwa nekukura kwekenza yeropa uye inogona kunge inokonzerwa nemakemikari .
Chimwe chekutsvaga iyo vanhu vose vangasangana nayo arsenic mumvura yakanaka. Kushandiswa kwepabonde kunosanganisira kunetseka, kusanganisira kuvhara vinyl chloride (inowanikwa mumapurasitiki), acrylamide, PFOA kana perfluorooctanoic acid (inowanika mumvura yakashambadza), mabhakhenyl (polychlorinated) biphenyls (PCBs), makemikari anonzi perfluorinated (PFCs), benzo (a) pyrene ( BaP), uye trichlorethylene.
Sclerosing Cholangitis
Sclerosing cholangitis chirwere chisingaperi chine chiropa chinosangana nechirwere chinoputika (seCrohn's disease inosanganisira colon uye ulcerative colitis). Sclerosing cholangitis inokonzera kutuka uye kupora kwebii ducts zvakadai kuti bile inokwira muchiropa ichikonzera kuparara ikoko zvakare. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 10 muzana kusvika kune 15 kubva muzana yevanhu vane chirwere ichi vachakurira cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer).
Aflatoxin Exposure
Kunyange zvisingawanzoiti panjodzi muUnited States, ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha munyika yose. Aflatoxin B1 ishuini inokonzerwa nefungi (ye genus Aspergillus) inokura pazvokudya zvakadai segorosi, marinari, mamwe magetsi, soya, uye zviyo. Izvozvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa p53 geni mumasero emuropa- chironda chinodzvinyirira gene chinobatsira kugadzirisa DNA yakaora uye inodzivisa kukura kwemasero anokuvadza. Kutsvakurudza kuri kupfuurira uye zvidzidzo zviri kuongorora kana aflatoxin inokonzera kenza yemuropa pachayo kana se-co-factor kana ichibatanidzwa nechipatara B.
Mirairo yezvokudya zvakakwana uye kuongororwa kunoita kuti izvi zvisawanzoitika muUnited States, kuburikidza nekutsvaga uye kushaya chepfu zvinowanikwa pasi rose. Iyo inopini inowanzowanika muzvokudya zvisati zvachengetedzwa zvakanaka, kazhinji mumamiriro ekudziya uye kunaya kwekunaya. Vafambi veAmerica kuenda kunzvimbo dzakadaro vangangodaro havafaniri kunetseka, kunyange-zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutsvaga kwenguva yakareba kunodiwa kukonzera kenza yechiropa.
Genetics
Kanzera yechiropa inogona kufamba mumhuri (kunyange pasina ruzivo rwekuzivikanwa kwechirwere), uye kuva neshamwari nehosha (kumativi ose) kunowedzera ngozi yako. Iyo ngozi inonyanya kukosha kana iine chiyero chekutanga chechipiri semubereki, hama, kana mwana.
Zvimwe zvinozivikanwa nezvirwere zvepabonde zvinokonzera ngozi, kusanganisira:
Hemochromatosis
Hereditary hemochromatosis (iron inoperesa chirwere) inenge yakarongedzwa nokuwedzera kwemuviri uye kuchengetedzwa kwesimbi, kazhinji muropa. Nokufamba kwenguva, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anowanzotungamirira ku-cirrhosis uye kusakundikana kwechiropa (pamwe nezvimwe zvinetso zvezvehutano).
Ngozi yekenza yeropa mune vanhu vane hemochromatosis inopetwa ka20 kupfuura iyo yevanhu vakawanda. Kurapa (nguva nenguva kubvisa ropa) kunogona kuderedza njodzi yezvinetso, asi vanhu vakawanda havazive kuti vane chirwere kusvikira vachinetsa matambudziko. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu 1 mamiriyoni muUnited States vanobatwa neimwe yemhando ye hemochromatosis.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Primary primary biliary cirrhosis ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu anoita seine genetic, sezvo inotanga mumhuri. Iyo chirwere chinoramba chichiwedzera, iyo iyo yakavaka mukati mechiropa, inokuvadza bile ducts uye inotungamirira kuchiropa kukuvadza uye kuparidzika. Primary primary biliary cirrhosis inobatanidza nehutano hwekenza yeropa, yakafanana neyo inowanika kune vanhu vane chirwere chechipatara C.
Matambudziko aWilson
Chirwere cheWilson chirwere chisina kujairika chinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemhangura mumuviri uye inofungidzirwa kuva mungozi yekenza yeropa.
Zvimwe Zvirwere Zvoutachiona
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinogona kuwedzera mungozi yekenza yeropa, zvinosanganisira alpha-1 antitrypsin inoshaya, tyrosinemia, porphyria cutanea tarda, uye glycogen zvirwere zvokuchengetedza.
Lifestyle Risk Factors
Maitiro eupenyu ndiwo anokosha pakuchengetedza kenza yeropa. Nepo iwe usingakwanisi kudzora zvizhinji zvezvinowanzoitika pangozi zvinotaurwa pamusoro apa, iwe unokwanisa kukonzera izvi.
Kuwedzeredza, Kushandiswa Kwenguva Doro Doro
Kunyanyisa, kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwechinwa doro kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvechiropa zvakawanda, kusanganisira doro rehepatitis uye chirwere chinodhaka chechiropa. Nokufamba kwenguva, chirwere chepirhosis chinotanga kupera kwechiratidzo chechiropa, uye kazhinji, chiropa chinokundikana. Kanzera yechiropa inowanzobatanidzwa nekudhakwa kwakanyanya, kana kunwa zvinodarika zvitatu zuva rimwe nerimwe, kunyange zvazvo zviduku zvingave zvichiri kukonzera chirwere chikuru uye chisingaverengeki chechiropa.
Doro kudhakwa, kunyange isingabatanidzi nekenza yeropa, munguva pfupi, ingawedzera mungozi yezviito zvinosangana nekuwana hepatitis B kana C.
Kusvuta
Kusvuta chinhu chinokonzera kenza dzakawanda , uye kenza yeropa haina kudaro. Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuwirirana pakati pokusvuta uye kenza yeropa, uye avo vose vanosvuta uye vanonwa zvakanyanya vane ngozi yakakura zvikuru yechirwere.
Vana vanoberekerwa nevabereki vanosvuta kana vasati vasvika kana panguva yekuzvitakura vari pahuwandu hwehutachiona hwechirwere chechiropa chinonzi hepatoblastoma.
Kuwedzera muviri
Basa rekuneta kwekenza yemukondombera hazvizivikanwi pacharo, asi kuneta kunowedzera dambudziko rekusava nechirwere chisina kuwedzerwa chechiropa, chirwere chinowedzera hutachiwana hwechirwere cheropa, pamwe nechirwere cheshuga, chinobatanidzwa nekatatu mukana.
Anabolic Steroid Use
Anabolic steroids, yakadai seaya anoshandiswa ne-weightlifters, inokonzerwa nechirwere chechiropa uye nekenza yeropa.
Chewing Betel Quid
Kazhinji muUnited States, kutsva betel quid chinhu chinokonzerwa nekenza yeropa mukati mezviitiko zvinowanzoitwa.
Zvimwe Zvinogona Kuisa Njodzi
Pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti ganda rekutsvaira (cholecystectomy) rinowedzera ngozi, asi vatsvakurudzi havana chokwadi chekubatana.
Dare rejeri rakabudawo pane kana kune ngozi yakawedzerwa yakabatana nekushandisa ikozvino kwekuzvarwa kwepiritsi mapiritsi.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwehutano (zvakadai seC CT scans yemimba), asi iyo ngozi ingangove yakanyanya kuderedzwa nemikana inobatsira yekurapa kwakadaro.
Chirwere chinokonzera schistosomiasis chave chichidzidza kuti chinogona kuitika mumukenza wechiropa. Panzvimbo yekuva chiitiko chekukuvadza, inofungidzirwa kuti iyo inobatanidza mukenza yeropa yechiropa yakabatana nechirwere che hepatitis B uye C.
> Sources:
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> Erkekoglu, P., Oral, D., Chao, M., naB. Kocer-Gumusel. Hepatocellular Carcinoma uye Zvichida Chimiro uye Biological Zvinokonzera: Kuongorora. Zvinyorwa zveAvironment Pathology, Toxicology, uye Oncology . 2017. 36 (2): 171-190.
> Jiang, K., uye B. Centeno. Primary Liver Cancers, Chikamu 2: Kufambira mberi Nzira uye Carcinogenesis. Kanzura Kudzora . 2018. 2191): 10732748177444658.
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> Smith, J., Kroker-Lobos, M., Lazo, M. et al. Aflatoxin neViral Hepatitis Exposures muGuatemala: Molecular Biomarkers Inoratidza Zvakaitika Zviitiko Zvengozi Munharaunda yeHigh High Cancer Incidence. PLoS One . 2017. 12 (12): e0189255.