Chirwere chacho hachiwanikwi muU.S., asi chinowanikwa pasi pose
Schistosomiasis chirwere chinokonzerwa nemapuranga ediki, nyota yakazara yakawanikwa mumakungwa matsva. Mavanga, ayo anowanzokura mumisungo iyo inogarawo mumakungwa iwayo, pinda nepakati peganda rako sezvauri kushambira kana kushamba mudziva.
Mhonye dzinokonzera chirwere ichi hachiwanike muUnited States, asi chirwere chinowanzoonekwa munyika yose, kutapudza vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 240 gore negore.
Inobata vanhu vakawanda kudarika mhirizhonga chero ipi zvayo kunze kwemarariya. Inowanikwa munyika 70, uye inonziwo bilharzia kana bilharziasis.
Iyo chirwere chakange chave nemigumisiro yakawanda-inogona kunge yakatowedzera kupararira kweHIV uye hepatitis C.
Chii Chinonyatsoitwa Schistosomiasis?
Schistosomiasis chirwere muvanhu , asi inongova danho rimwe chete muhupenyu hwe schistosoma worm. Iyi honye inoda zvakawanda kupfuura vanhu chete nokuda kwehupenyu hwavo; dzinoda dzimba dzemvura dzakachena nemadziva nemisungo, uyewo kusakwana kwehutsanana hwevanhu.
Mazai e schistosome ari muzvigaro zvevanhu kana urinhi, uye anoiswa mudziva umo vanhu vasina hutsanana hwehutsanana. Mazai aya anotsvaira, uye mushure mechikamu chinotevera chekugadzirisa vanorarama mukati mekumanho iri muchikepe.
Ruvava rinobva rabuda kubva mumasungo ndokupararira mumvura, kwavanozowana munhu anopinda mumvura. Madziya acho anopinda zvakananga paganda romunhu, kupinda muropa ravo.
Vanobva vapfuura mumapapu uye kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri kusvikira vasvika kwavanoisa mazai, uye mhepo inotanga zvakare.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeSchistosomiasis inokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura. S. mansoni , S. haematobium, uye S. japonicum zvinokonzera chirwere chikuru . S. intercalatum uye S.
mekongi haawanzwisisiki .
S. mansoni ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo, inokonzera vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 80 munyika yose. Inowanika munzvimbo dzakawanda muSouth America, Caribbean, Africa, uye Middle East, uye inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya chiropa. S. maHaematobium mazai akaiswa muchando kana muchikadzi chepabonde. Inokonzera ropa mumuti uye inogona kukonzera kuora mazai mazai. Inowanikwa muAfrica, kuMiddle East, uye kuCorscia, France.
S. japonicum inowanikwa muChina, Philippines, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth East Asia, asi pasinei nezita racho, hazviwanzoitiki muJapan. Inokonzera chiropa nemukumbo, asi mune dzimwe nguva zvisingaiti zvakare inogona kukanganisa uropi, zvichikonzera kugumburwa nemigumisiro yehutano. S. intercalatum inowanikwa zvikurukuru muDemocratic Republic of the Congo uye Cameroon. Kupararira kwaro kuri kudonha. Izvozvo zvinogona kukonzera chigadziko chemvura uye chirwere chakawedzerwa.
S. mekongi yakafanana naS. S. japonicum , asi inowanika muMwizi yeMongong, kunyanya kuCambodia neLaos.
Zviratidzo zveSchistosomiasis
Vamwe vanhu vanonzwa kunetseka uko maperembudzi anopinda mucheka. Vamwe havanzwi chinhu kusvikira vhiki dzinoverengeka gare gare. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kukanganisa kunopesana, fevha, kuora kunooma, neropa mumuguta.
Zvinokwanisika kukudziridza Katayama syndrome (rimwe zita rekutapukirwa kwechirisitomu) kwemavhiki maviri kusvika kwemaviri mushure mekunge vatanga kusangana neS S. mansoni kana S. japonicum . Sezvo schistosome worm (schistosomula) isina kufema inotanga kufamba neropa uye ipapo mazai ega anotanga, vamwe vanhu vanoita fever usiku, kuchena (sehonye mumapapu), musasa aches, musoro, uye mamwe marwadzo.
Muzvipembenene kubva kune schistosoma iyo inofamba ichienda kune mutsvo dzakapoteredza chiropa, munhu wacho angava nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwechiropa uye zvimwe zvinetso zveropa, kusanganisira kenza yeropa uye colorectal cancer.S.
haematobium inofamba ichienda kune chikwata, asi inogona kukonzera maronda ekuberekwa muvakadzi. Izvi zvinosanganiswa nehuwandu hwekenza yemukaka.
Schistosomiasis Treatment
Kune zvinodhaka, sa praziquantel , izvo zvinogona kubata zvakakwana utachiona. Zvisinei, chirwere chacho chinowanzowanikwa nguva dzekupedzisira, kana chave chave chaita kuti chiropa chiparadze kana dzimwe nhengo, uye izvo zvinokanganisa hazvigoni kuregwa.
Izvo zvinogona zvakare kugadziriswa, uye minye uye mazai avo zvinogona kuramba zvakadaro kwenguva yakareba.
Zvinosuruvarisa, munzvimbo dzakawanda apo schistosomiasis yakajairika, zvinhu zvekurapa hazviwaniki. Iyo chirwere cheurombo-chevanhu vasina hutsvina hwakakwana. Migumisiro yacho yakanaka kwazvo kumharaunda inotarisana nayo.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vana vakawanda vanotapukirwa nechirwere cheschisia, icho chinosangana neanemia, uyewo kukura kunowedzera uye zvimwe zvinogadzirwa.
Izvi zvirwere zvinogona kuva chikonzero chinokosha chezvirwere mumharaunda. S. haematobium inotungamirira kushoma kwechigunzva iyo inowedzera kuomesa uye kunokanganisa itsvo. Inobatanidzwawo nekenza yeropa. Iyo inobatanidzawo nekushaya vana. Zvinokonzerwa nehuropa (uye portal blood system) uye chiropafadzo uye mafikiti zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya kune nhengo dzekare dzenharaunda.
Mhonye isina kukura inogona kurasika mumuviri. Zvimwe zvinokonzera matambudziko makuru emapapu. Vamwe vanogona kuvharirwa muuropi uye kunogona kukonzera kuparara, zvinetso zvekutaura, uye kukanganisa.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, zvipembenene zvepabonde kubva kuSouth haematobium nezvimwe zvirwere zvechirwere zvinogona kuita kuti vakadzi vave nehuwandu hwekuwana HIV. Mukuwedzera, Ijipiti ine yepamusoro yepamusoro yehepatitis C pasi rose, iyo yaifungidzirwa kuti yave yakapararira muchidimbu nemasero asina tsvina anoshandiswa mukurwisa-schistosomiasis.
> Sources:
> Bustinduy AL et al. Kuwedzera Praziquantel (PZQ) Kuwana kunze kweMisa Drug Administration Programs: Kugadzirira Nzira Yekutungamirirwa Nevana PZQ Kuumbwa kweSchistosomiasis. PLoS Isina Hanya Tropical Diseases. 2016 Sep 22; 10 (9): e0004946.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Zvirwere: Schistosomiasis fact sheet.
> Kapoor S. Katayama syndrome kune varwere vane schistosomiasis. Asian Pacific Journal yeTropical Biomedicine. 2014 Mar; 4 (3): 244.
> Kjetland EF et al. Mushumo wekutanga wevanhu munharaunda pamusoro pemigumisiro yehutachiona hweS genital Schistosoma haematobium pane kubereka kwevakadzi. Kubereka uye Kusimba. 2010 Sep; 94 (4): 1551-3.
> Mekonnen Z et al. Schistosoma mansoni utachiona uye kusava nekudya kunovaka muviri pakati pevana vekuchikoro mune Fincha'a sugar estate, chikamu chekumaruwa kweWest Ethiopia. BMC Nyanzvi dzeKutsvakurudza. 2014 Nha. 27; 7: 763.