Kupararira izwi rinoshandiswa mune epidemiology kurondedzera chiyero chevanhu vanoonekwa seine chimwe chiitiko (chakadai seHIV ). Chirwere ichi chakawanda chinotsanangurwa nekuenzanisa nhamba yevanhu vakawanikwa vane mamiriro nehuwandu hwevanhu vari muboka iro revanhu (somuenzaniso, chikamu cheAfrica America neHIV inogara muNew York City).
Kuwanda kunowanzotsanangurwa se% (%).
MuHIV, kupararira kunoshandiswa nehutano huri hurumende nevatungamiri vehurongwa kuti vaone mutoro wekutapukira kweHIV kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye / kana mapoka evanhu. Mapoka evanhu vanogona kuenzaniswa nehutano, hutano, makore, zvepabonde, mamiriro emari, kushandiswa kwemishonga tsika, kana kusanganiswa kweiyo kana yese yezvikamu izvi.
Chiitiko chinokonzera njodzi yemamiriro ezvinhu anokura panguva imwe nguva. Nhamba yacho yasvika pakuenzanisa nhamba yezviitiko zvitsva zvinorondedzerwa panguva imwe nguva pamwe nehuwandu hwevanhu vari muhuwandu hwevanhu. Nhamba yacho inogona kurondedzera chikamu (semamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu kubva kuvanhu vanenge 1 000) kana chikamu (4.5%).
MuHIV, chiitiko chacho chinowanzoshandiswa kuenzanisa kana njodzi yeHIV (kana chirwere chinotarisana neHIV) chiri kuwedzera kana kuderera mukati meboka rimwe, kazhinji kune gore negore.
Nharaunda inoshandiswawo nevatsvakurudzi kuti vaone kana kuchinja mune chimwe chinhu (semuenzaniso, kuwana rubatsiro, kurasika kwevanhu) kunogona kuchinja njodzi mumapoka evanhu. Mukuwedzera, kufanotaura nezvengozi kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwehuwandu kunobvumira zvakanakisisa zvekugoverwa kwemari.
Pachinyanya kukosha, kupararira kunotsanangura pano uye ikozvino, apo chiitiko chinotsanangura izvo zvingave zviripo.
Mienzaniso
Nenzira yekuenzanisira, vanhu vanosvika 5 600 000 muSouth Africa vakafungidzirwa kuti vane utachiona hweHIV muna 2009. Nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemamiriyoni 53, huwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV hunoti South Africa inonzi 10,6%. Apo pachitarisa zvakananga kune vanhu vakuru vane makore 15 kusvika ku49-vanofunga kuti boka rezera rinonyanya panjodzi yekutapukirwa kweHIV munyika yese-kuwedzera kunowedzera kusvika 17.3% (iyo inoshandiswa neWorld Health Organization pakuenzanirana kwenyika tsvakurudzo).
Kusiyana neizvi, hutachiona hweHIV pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) muSan Francisco muna 2006 hwakanga huri 1,75%, huchibva kune hutachiwana hutano hutachiwana 772 muhuwandu hwe 44,138 MSM isina HIV. Nekutanga kwehutsinye hutsva, hutsva hutano hwehutano hwevanhu muna 2010 (hunosanganisira zvose zvinoshandiswa pakurapa ), chiitiko chacho chakakonzera kusvika ku127% muna 2011. NemaSMM aikwira mumaguta makuru eUnited States, kuchinja kwezviitiko kwakaratidzwa kuva uye inoratidza kubudirira kwemitemo mitsva.
MuUnited States
Kubva pane zvenyika yose, asi huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV hunogona kuenzana kubva kune dzimwe nyika, kune dzimwe nguva kushamwaridzana pakati pezvirwere zvehutano uye kuti nyika inogadzirisa sei chirwere ichi mumiganhu yayo.
Semuenzaniso, apo inofungidzirwa mamiriyoni 1,2 ekutapukirwa muUnited States inogona kuve yakajeka pakuenzanisa nenhamba dzinoonekwa mukurudzirwa, kupararira uye chiitiko chechirwere chinopa mufananidzo wakajeka.
Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira, iU.S. iri pakati pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu (0.6%) uye huwandu (15.3 pa100 000).
Kusiyana neizvi, kuwandisa kwezvizhinji munyika dzakawanda dzakapfuma zvakaderera zvakaderera pasi pe 0,3%, nepo kuwirirana kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu huri pasi pehafu inowanikwa muU.S. (6.3 pa100 000).
Zvinotarisirwa kuti kubudirira kwezvino pfupi kunogona kuchinja mararamiro mukati meU.S., kunyange zvazvo madiki madzinza ekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza pakati pevanhu vanotambura zvikuru ( veAfrica America , varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vacharamba vachiwedzera hutachiwana hutachiwana hwehutachiwana.
Sources:
United Nations Joint Program pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Epidemiological Fact Sheet - South Africa." Geneva, Switzerland; 2009.
McFarland, W. "HIV / AIDS Epi-Update yeSan Francisco - Nhamba." Dhipatimendi reSan Francisco yeHurumende yeHuzhinji. November 29, 2006; Powerpoint mharidzo.
Bajko, M. "HIV inoramba ichidzoka muSF." Bay Area Reporter. Yakabudiswa musi waMarch 24, 2011.
Raymond, A .; Hill, A .; uye Pozniak, A. "Kusiyana kukuru kwehutachiona hweHIV kunoputika pakati penyika dzeEurope neyepamusoro-inotora-kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekuputsa."; International Congress paDrug Therapy muHIV Infection; Glasgow, Scotland; November 2-6, 2014; abstract O237.