A retrovirus chirwere chinoshandiswa nemajeni muRNA pane DNA. Kungofanana nedzimwe mavharusi, retroviruses dzinoshandisa masero emagetsi ezvisikwa zvavanotapira kuti vaite ma kopi avo pachawo. Zvisinei, utachiona hwetrovirus hunoda danho rinowedzera. Iro retrovirus genome inofanira kushandurudzwa-inyoreswa kuDNA isati ingakopihwa nenzira yakajairika.
Iyo enzyme iyo inoita zvinyorwa izvi kumashure inozivikanwa se reverse transcriptase.
Retroviruses vanoshandisa reverse transcriptase kuti vachinje RNA yavo yakakonzerwa kuti ive DNA mbiri. Iyo DNA inochengetedza genome yemasero evanhu uye masero kubva kune dzimwe hupenyu hwepamusoro. Imwe yashandurwa kubva kuRNA kusvika kuDNA, chirwere cheDNA chinogona kubatanidzwa mumaromu emasero ane utachiona. Apo shanduro dzeDNA dze retroviral jeni dzakabatanidzwa mujenome, sero iyo inonyengerwa mukuenzanisa mazamu aya sechikamu chekuzvidzorera kwayo kwemaitiro. Mune mamwe mazwi, sero inoita basa rehutachiona.
Retroviruses "retro" nokuti vanodzokorora kutungamira kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro evanhu. Kazhinji, masero anoshandura DNA muRNA kuitira kuti inogona kuitwa mapuroteni. Asi ne retroviruses, iyo nzira inotanga kutanga nokudzokera kumashure. Chokutanga, chirwere cheRNA chinoshandurwa kuva DNA.
Ipapo sero rinogona kukopa DNA. Sero rinogonawo kunyora DNA kudzokera muRNA senzira yokutanga yekuita mapuroteni eropa.
Mienzaniso
Iyo yakanyanya kuzivikanwa retrovirus inobata vanhu HIV . Zvisinei, kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzedzidzo dzevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira munhu T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1).
HTLV-1 inosanganiswa nevamwe veT-cell leukemias uye lymphomas. Iko kune dzakawanda zvekare zvinonzi retroviruses zvakave zvichiratidzika sechirwere kune dzimwe mhuka.
Utachiona hweHIV ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvekuti vanhu vave vakazivana nehana ye retroviruses. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors inoita mamwe mapoka anozivikanwa ezvirwere zveHIV . Reverse transcriptase inhibitor inodzivirira HIV kuti irege kubatanidzwa mujenome yemusasa. Izvi, zvakare, inoita kuti sero irege kuita mapepa ehutachiona uye inotadzisa kufambira mberi kwehutachiona. Zvisinei, kune matambudziko ari kukura nekurwisana nemishonga yakawanda mumakirasi aya.
Retroviruses dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa senzira yekuendesa maitiro panguva yekurapa mazita. Ichi ndechokuti idzi mavairusi zvose zviri nyore kushandura uye nyore nyore kuwirirana mumutambo we genome. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, muchirevo, inogona kushandiswa kukonzera mafaira emagetsi kuti aite mapuroteni nenzira inopfuurira. Semuenzaniso, masayendisiti akashandisa retroviruses kubatsira varwi eeshuga vachiita insulin yavo pachavo.
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