Nhamba Dzemazuva Ano uye Migumisiro Yokudzivirira HIV
Kunyange zvazvo pasina mhinduro dzakasarudzwa pakutaura nezvehutano hwemunhu wekutapukira HIV, kune mabasa uye maitiro anowedzera huwandu hwehutachiona. Mukuru pakati peiyi maitiro emakondomu mashoma (asina kudzivirirwa) nekugovana masero panguva yekushandisa mushonga wezvinodhaka .
Uyezve, mukana wokutapukirwa unowedzera apo munhu ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera ngozi, kusanganisira vazhinji vanoita zvepabonde; doro kana kushandisa zvinodhaka; kana kuvapo kwehutachiona hwepabonde .
Kubva pane maonero ekufungidzira, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yakatsanangura mikana yekuwana HIV nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvaga. Izvi zvinoenderana nehutachiona hweHIV muU.S., chiyero chinoratidza kuti kazhinji utachiona hunowanikwa mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu (zvakadai sekujova vashandisi vezvinodhaka) panguva yakatarwa yenguva.
Zvakakosha, zvisinei, kwete kuvhiringidza kuwedzera kwechiitiko nehutachiwana hwehutachiona. Semuenzaniso, imwe yezviitiko zvehuwandu hazvireve kuti pane imwe mukana wekuwana HIV. Nhamba yacho inofanira kungoshandiswa senzira yekuenzanisira yakafanana pakunzwisisa kuti maitiro emabasa akaita riskier kupfuura mamwe.
Kuita zvepabonde uye njodzi yeHIV
Maererano neCDC, mukana wekuwana HIV kuti uite zvepabonde nemumwe munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV unobva pane zvekuita zvepabonde, sezvinotevera:
- Kuita zvepabonde pabonde rekare: Dambudziko nderokuti 138 pahuwandu hwema10 000 kana 1.38 muzana
- Kuita zvepabonde zvakashata: Njodzi ine 11 kusvika pane zviuru gumi kana zvikamu zve11,11
- Kugamuchira zvepabonde zvepabonde : Njodzi ndeye 8 pahuwandu hwema10 000 kana 0.08 muzana
- Kuvhiringidza zvepabonde zvepabonde: Njodzi inokwana 4 kusvika ku10 000 inowanikwa kana 0.04 muzana
- Kuita zvepabonde pabonde : Ngozi yakaderera kuregererwa
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobatsira mukana wevanhu wekuwana HIV kubva pane zvepabonde.
Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwemishonga mbiri yekurwisa maitiro uye makondomu kunoderedza ngozi yevanhu yekuwana HIV pashure pekuita zvepabonde ne 99.2 muzana. Mukuwedzera, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , inogona kuderedza ngozi yomunhu yekuwana HIV nevanopfuura 90% mune mamwe mapoka evanhu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, marefu ehutachiona muropa remunhu (sekuenzaniswa nehutachiona hweHIV ) anogona kuwedzera mukana wekuti mumwe wake anenge atapukirwa. Saizvozvowo, kuva nemararamiro anotapurirana zvepabonde zvinogona kuwedzeresa mukana wevanhu wekutumira nekuwana HIV .
Injecting Drug Use and HIV Risk
Kugoverwa nesero yakasvibiswa neHIV kana zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinogona kupararira HIV kune munhu asina kutapukirwa. Maererano neCDC, njodzi yekuendesa HIV nekugoverana nesero ndeyedzimanyo makumi matanhatu nemakumi matatu ematanhatu, kana 0.63 muzana.
Kubvira pakutanga-kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1990, kuedza kwakaita kuti kuwedzere kushandiswa kwezvigadziriswe zvingano kuderedza uwandu hweHIV nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira. Nhasi, kune mapurogiramu akadai anopfuura 200 muUnited States achigovera zvipembenene zvinodarika mamiriyoni 36 gore negore. MuNew York State chete, mhirizhonga yeHIV pakati pevanoshandisa vashandisi vezvinodhaka yakanga yadzika kubva kumazana makumi mashanu kubva muna 1992 kusvika kumazana chete muna 2012.
Nyore Stick Injury uye HIV Njodzi
Nhoroondo imwechete inoratidza kuti njodzi yekuwana HIV kubva kune tsono inoramba ichikuvadza nekuvapo kwehutachiwana hweHIV kune 0.23 muzana.
Uchapupu hunotsigira kushandiswa kwe post posture prophylaxis muzvirongwa zvehutano hwehutano zvichibva pane zvinyorwa kubva kune zvidzidzo zvekare zvinoratidza kurapwa mukati maawa 72 zvakabatanidzwa nekuderedza dambudziko rekuendesa kune inenge 81 muzana.
Kuisa ropa uye njodzi yeHIV
Kunyange zvazvo hutachiwana hweHIV kubva kune ropa rakasvibiswa huine ngozi yakawanda yekuwana HIV-inenge 92.5-iyo ngozi chaiye iye zvino inenge isingakanganwi nhasi nekuda kwemaitiro ekuongorora kuwedzerwa kweropa .
Maererano neCDC, kubvira muna 1999 kusvika muna 2013, vatatu chete kubva kune vanofungidzirwa mamiriyoni maviri emamiriyoni eropa vakagamuchirwa kuti vakawana HIV kubva mukuwedzerwa ropa nekuda kwekuverenga kusina kunaka .
Amai-ku-Mwana Kuwedzerwa uye Njodzi yeHIV
Kutapurika kwaamai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura, kuberekwa, kana kunwisa ndeye nzira yakawanda iyo vana vanotora HIV. Sezvo zvakadaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vakadzi vane HIV havafaniri kunwisa (kunze kwemafumi asina kusimukira nyika umo zvakabatsire mukaka wemunhu uye kudya kunovaka muviri zvinopfuura pangozi yehutachiwana).
Nhau dzakanaka ndeyokuti vanaamai vane HIV vanotora mishonga inodhaka maitiro ekurapa vanogona kuderedza dambudziko rekutapurirwa kusvika pasi pezanachete kana hutachiona huchidzivirirwa kune izvo zvinonzi zvisingaoneki .
MuUnited States, kutapurirwa kweamai kusvika kumwana kunonzi kusingawanzoitiki, asi kupararira kwechirwere cheHIV mumatunhu ari kusimukira kwakatungamirira kuchinja kukuru mune dzimwe nyika dzakaoma zvikuru dzeAfrica.
Shoko Rinobva
Numeri uye zvikamu zvekupedzisira ndezvekutevera. Utachiona hunogona uye dzimwe nguva hunoitika mushure mekungoonana chete kwepabonde pasina kudzivirirwa. Nzira chaiyo yechokwadi yekuziva kana iwe wakatapukirwa ndeyekuongororwa. Nenzira iyi, unogona kutanga mushonga pakarepo uye zviri nani kuva nechokwadi chokuti une upenyu hwakareba, hutano hwakanaka.
Sources:
> Dosekun, O. naFox, J. "Mhedziso yehutano hwehutano hwemhando dzakasiyana dzepabonde nekutapukirwa kweHIV." Ikozvino maonero muHIV neAIDS. July 2010; 5 (4): 291-297.
> Kuhar, D .; Henderson, D .; Struble, K .; et al. "Yakavandudzwa kuU.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus uye Zvirongwa zvePostexposure Prophylaxis." Chirwere Chetachiona uye Chipatara Epidemiology. August 6, 2013; 34 (9): 875-892.
> New York Department of Health AIDS Institute. "Kukanganiswa kwakanyanya kwekukuvadza kunopesana neTendaneti muNew HIV HIV." Albany, New York; yakabudiswa musi waMarch 4, 2014.
> Dhipatimendi reUnited Health of Health and Human Services (DHHS). "Zvirongwa zveKushandisa Antiretroviral Zvinodhaka Madzimai Akaberekwa neHIV-1-Akabatwa neHana hweMadzimai uye Matongerwo Ekuita Kuti Kuderedza Kuparara kweAIDS kuPininatal kuUnited States." Rockville, Maryland; update yakabudiswa musi waMay 21, 2013.
> US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Zvakarayirwa Zvakarongedzwa zvekudzikisa Dambudziko reHuman Immunodeficiency Transmission Transmission neRopa neMvura Products: Mibvunzo neMhinduro." Silver Spring, Maryland; November 2014.