Mutevedzeri weMurwere weGenesis inobatwa muMaranoma Skin Cancer
Kunzwisisa ruzivo rwechirwere uye mararamiro aanoita chikamu mumaranoma kunogona kumira sechinhu chinotyisa. Asi kutenga nguva yekuita izvo chete zvinogona kukubatsira iwe zviri nani kunzwisisa njodzi yako - uye zvaunogona kuita nezvazvo.
Cancer Genetics
Kanzira inotanga apo imwe kana mazana emagetsi ari muchitokisi mutate (inoshanduka kubva pamagariro avo). Izvi zvinogadzira puroteni isina kukwana kana kuti hapana proteiniti zvachose, zvose izvo zvinokonzera muteredi masero kuti awedzere asingadzorwi.
Nhamba yakawanda yemagenzura iri kuongororwa nekuda kwebasa ravo mumaranoma, kusanganisira mahedheni akaberekwa uye zviremera zvemajini zvinowanikwa nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu, zvakadai sekuwedzerwa kwezuva . Kubva ikozvino, zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa ne1% yezvose zvinoshungurudza melanoma, kunyange zvazvo kudzidza kwemawere ane melanoma muna 2009 kwakaratidza kuti 55% yehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuve yakakonzerwa nemararamiro. Kutsvakurudza munharaunda iyi yakaoma kunenge kuchiri mucheche, asi tariro ndeyekuti mune ramangwana rekare, maitiro ekuberekwa achabatsira kutungamirira melanoma kuongorora, kuongororwa , uye kurapwa .
Inhaka yeGen mutations muMelanoma
Mienzaniso yekuchinja kwemajini inopfuudzwa kubva kumubereki kusvika kumwana inosanganisira zvinotevera:
CDKN2A - Kuchinja kwemugadziri wemutsetse wemasero ndiko ndiko kunowanzokonzera maranoma ane nhaka. Izvozvo zvinoshanduka, zvisinei, zvisati zvisizvo zvachose zvekare uye zvinogonawo kuonekwa mune zvisiri zvizvarwa zve melanoma.
Vanhu vane maranoma yemhuri vanowanzove nenhamba yakawanda yemarome (dysplastic nevi) isina kuumbwa uye vanoongororwa vane melanoma pavanenge vachiri vaduku (makore 35 kusvika ku40). Sezvo makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevanhu vakashandura mutemo weCDKN2A vachaita maranoma munguva yeupenyu hwavo, kuongororwa kwezvokutengeserana kwakagadzirirwa CDKN2A, kunyange zvisinganzwisisi kana kuziva migumisiro yekuedzwa kuchabatsira vanhu vanotakura geni.
Imwe mutauro unobatanidza asi yakasiyana-siyana uri muCDK4 gene, iyo inodzorawo kana masero akaparadzanisa uye kuwedzera njodzi yekuva nehanamoma.
MC1R - Uchapupu hunowedzera huri kuratidza kuti huwandu huwandu hwekusiyana kwegene rinonzi MC1R (melanocortin-1 receptor), iyo inowedzera dambudziko rekushaya melanoma. Ijeni rinotora basa rinokosha pakusarudza kana munhu ane vhudzi rakachena, ganda rakanaka, uye kunzwisiswa kwemazuva anovha. Vanhu vane muchero wemuorivhi uye wakasviba uye vanotakura rimwe kana kuti zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvejeni vane huwandu hwepamusoro hwehuwandu hwemaranoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuchinja kweMC1R kunotakura ngozi yakawanda kudarika kuchinja kweCDKN2A kana CDK4. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mamwe majini anobatanidza neganda reganda awanikwa akazoitawo kuti awedzere kugadziriswa kune melanoma, kusanganisira TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (protein yakabatana neTYR), uye ASIP (agouti chiratidzo cheprotein).
MDM2 - Dhiyabhorosi yeMMM2 yakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa mumagetsi e "promoter," shanduko yemagetsi inotarisa apo jini rinoshandiswa uye kuti vangani mabhuku anobudiswa mukati memusero. Tsvakurudzo yakabudiswa muna 2009 yakaratidza kuti inogadzirisa vakadzi - asi kwete varume - kukura melanoma pazera duku (pasi pemakore makumi mashanu). Kuva nechigadziriro ichi chinogona kuva chakanyanya kukunda pane zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemaranoma zvakadai sedhau rekuputika kwezuva, ganda rakasununguka, uye kubhururuka.
Kana iwe uine mubereki kana mukoma wako ane melanoma, dambudziko rako rekuita melanoma rinopetwa kaviri kana katatu kupfuura munhu wepakati. Zvisinei, njodzi ichiri duku, uye mumatambudziko akawanda, chirwere chisina kukwana hachiwanikwi. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira zvakasimba kuti vanhu vane hanya nezvemhuri yavo nhoroondo yemaranoma vanotarisa mazita ekugadzirisa mazita uye vanokumbira chiremba wako nezvekuita nhaurirano mune zvigadzirwa zvekutsvakurudza kuti zvimwe zvinogona kudzidzwa pamusoro pokuti kuchinja kwemajini kunokanganisa sei dambudziko rekushaya maranoma. Zvishoma, vanhu vari panjodzi yekuva nemaranoma inokodzera vanofanira kudzivirira zuva nekuchengetedza ganda ravo kunyatsotarisa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe kutanga pazera remakore gumi kutsvaga kuchinja kwechimiro chemashure.
Gene Kuchinja Kunenge Isina Kugoverwa
Gene kuchinja kusati kwatora nhaka asi kunowanikwa nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza zvakadai sezuva rinosanganisira:
BRAF - Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kushandurwa kusina nhaka kubva mu BRAF gene iyo inoratidzika sechiitiko chinowanzoitika mukugadzirisa kunotungamirira ku melanoma; iyo yave ichicherechedza kusvika ku 66% yea malignant melanomas. Vatsvakurudzi vanotarisira kuti zvinodhaka zvinodzivirira geni iyi inogona kunge iri nzira yekurapa inoshanda mune ramangwana.
P16 inonzi suppressive geni iyo inogona kunge isiri mune dzimwe dzisiri dzatakagara dzinokonzerwa ne melanoma. Kuchinja kwegeneti kunotungamirira Ku70 uye Ku80 mapuroteni kunogona kuvhiringidza nzira dzinogadzira michina yeDNA.
EGF - Vanotsvakurudza vari kudzidza kuchinja kwemugemu unoita chinhu chinonzi epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF inoita basa muchechi yesero kukura uye kuporesa kwakuvadzwa, uye inogona kuverenga kune dzakawanda dzisina nhaka dzakasvibiswa ne melanoma.
Fas - Kuchinja-mhanya mumagenjini anokonzera Fas mapuroteni, ayo anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemasero okuzvidzivirira anonzi apoptosis, anogona kukonzera masero e-melanoma kuti awedzere kutadza.
Iro molecular zvinotungamirira zvinotungamirira kukutanga kukura uye metastasis yevasiri mhuri ye melanoma yakaoma zvikuru uye inotanga kuongororwa. Zvinyorwa, zviuru zvekutsvakurudza kwekutsvakurudza nezvemaranoma genetics zvakabudiswa mumakore gumi apfuura. Kufambira mberi uku kuchaita kuti tive nekutsvaga kuongororwa kwakanyanya kwakarurama kwekuongororwa uye kufungidzira kwechironda, pamwe chete nemishonga inonyatsoshanda yekurapa kwechirwere ichi chinoparadza.
Sources:
"The Genetics of Melanoma." ASCO. 26 February 2009.
Hocker TL, Singh MK, Tsao H. "Melanoma genetics uye nzira dzokurapa dziri muzana remakore rechi21: kutama kubva kubhenji kusvika kumubhedha." J Invest Dermatol 2008 128 (11): 2575-95. 26 February 2009.
Lin J, Hocker TL, Singh M, Tsao H. "Genetics of Melanoma Predisposition." Br J Dermatol 2008 159 (2): 286-9. 26 February 2009.
"Familial melanoma." Melanoma Molecular Map Project. 27 February 2009.
Firoz EF, Warycha M, Zakrzewski J, et al. Sangano reMMM2 SNP309, makore ekutanga, uye zvepabonde mumaranoma akacheka. Clin Cancer Res . 2009 Apr 1; 15 (7): 2573-80.
Shekar SN, Duffy DL, Iwe P, et al. Chidzidzo chevanhu Chidzidzo chevanhu veAustralia Twine neMelanoma Inopa Simba Rakakosha reGenetic kuDare. J Invest Dermatol . 9 Mbudzi 2009.