Madzimai haasi hutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu hwakambove huri, asi hunoramba huchiraira rukudzo pamusana pemigumisiro yakakomba. Chirwere chetachiona chinoparadzirwa zvinongodaro nemhuka inoridzwa uye, kana ikasiyiwa isingateereri, inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvehutano zvakakomba zvinosanganisira fevha, musoro wepamusoro, kunyanya kunetseka, kupera kwemasimba, kuora mitezo, uye kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa.
Rabies inogona kudzivirirwa nechimwe chezvirwere zviviri zveAIDS zvinogamuchirwa. Rutsva rwemapuranga, rwakatanga pakarepo mushure mekurumwa, rinogona kubatsira vanhu vasina kudzivirirwa kuti vadzivise chirwere. Zvinosuruvarisa, kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, chirwere ichi chinowanzouraya.
Maererano nehuwandu hunobva kuCenters for Disease Control uye Prevention (CDC), mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri evanhu vari kurwisa mhirizhonga akave akataurwa muU.S. kubva muna 2008 kusvika muna 2017.
Zviratidzo
Pakati pezvikamu zvekutanga zveutachiona, pangava nevashoma, kana pane, zviratidzo kunze kwefivha kana musoro. Nguva iyo pakati pekudzivirirwa uye zviratidzo zvezvirwere, inozivikanwa sekudzivirira nguva, inogona kumhanya chero ipi zvayo kubva pamakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe.
Sezvo utachiona hunoenderera mberi uye hunoita kuti huve nechokumusoro kweuropi, zviratidzo zve encephalitis (kuputika kweuropi) uye meningitis (kuputika kwemasukisi akakomberedza uropi nemumumvuri wemutsara) ichakura. Munguva iyi gare gare chirwere, munhu anogona kutanga kutarisana nekufambira mberi uye kazhinji kunoshamisa kwezviratidzo zvenyama uye neuropsychiatric, kusanganisira
- Kufirwa kwechido
- Nausea uye kurutsa
- Kunzwa kujekesa
- Kunyanyisa kunetseka
- Kufunganya uye kushungurudzika
- Paranoia
- Kuipa kwehutsika (kusanganisira kushungurudzwa uye zvinotyisa)
- Hallucinations
- Hydrophobia (nyota isingadzivisiki nekushaya kukwanisa kumedza kana kuratidzira kutya panounzwa nemvura inonwa kunwa)
- Kugumburwa
- Kusuruvara kwakasiyana
Kubvira pano, chirwere chinogona kufambira mberi nokukurumidza, chinotungamirira ku delirium, coma, nekufa mumazuva manomwe kusvika kune gumi. Pane imwe nguva zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika, kurapwa hakunomboiti.
Chirwere ichi chaive chinonzi kamwe hydrophobia (kutya mvura) nekuda kwezitaina mazita.
Zvinokonzera
Rabies inokonzerwa neboka rehutachiona rinozivikanwa se lyssavirus , iyo ine mhuka 14 dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka. Utachiona huripo hunogona kuwanika muhupamhi hwepamusoro mumasese uye masero emagetsi emhuka ine utachiona kana munhu. Mhuka dzinocheka ndiyo nzira inotyisa yekuendesa, kunyange zvazvo utachiona hunogona kupedzerwa nekubata mhuka dzakafa. Kudengenyeka pakati pevanhu kwakanyanya kushoma.
Kamwe kana munhu akarumwa, akarova, kana kuti akaoneswa nemvura inotapukirwa (zvichida kuburikidza nameso, mhuno, muromo, kana kuti ganda rakaputsika), hutachiona huchafamba nepakati pemagetsi emutambo wepakati penzira kusvika kumutsipa wepelinha uye uropi.
MuUnited States, kurohwa kunowanikwa nenzira inowanzozivikanwa yekutengesa mhuka-ku-munhu, inoteverwa nekurumwa kubva kune imbwa dzinopisa. Mamwe mhuka dzeNorth America dzinowanzobatwa nehutachiona dzinosanganisira raccoons, skunks, makava, mombe, coyotes, uye makate emombe.
Iyo inotaura nepamusoro-soro yemhuka dzinokonzera mhuka dzinonzi Texas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Georgia, neCalifornia.
Kuziva
Kusvika parizvino, hapana mimwe miedzo inowanikwa kuti iongorore vanhu rabies vasati vatanga zviratidzo. Nokudaro, kurapwa kuchazotanga kushingaira kana munhu akarovwa nemhuka yemhuka kana mhuka chero ipi zvayo inofungidzirwa yekuve nemarabi. Tichifunga nezvehupenyu hunouraya hwechirwere chechirwere, hapana chikonzero chekumirira.
Izvo izvo zvichitaurirwa, kana mhuka inenge yafungidzirwa yafa, miedzo inogona kuitwa kuitira kusimbisa hutachiona kuburikidza nokutora samples kubva muuropi. Kana pane mhuka inoratidzika, kutonga kwemhuka kuchaiisa pasi kuitira kuti utachiona hwehupi hugone kubudiswa kuongororwa.
Kurapa
Nguva ndeyomusiya kana chirwere chinonzi rabies chinotarisirwa.
Kurapa kunosanganisira mafuro mana emushonga wokurwisa rabies uye kuputika kumwe kwechirwere chinonzi rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). HRIG ine mishonga inorwisa mishonga inorwisa immune iyo inotanga kushanda uye inodzora rabies chirwere kusvikira chirwere chinogona kutanga kushanda.
HRIG inopiwa chete kuvanhu vasina kumbove vachakemerwa kurwisa rabies. Iyo inorohwa zvakananga muchironda. Zvose zvinosara zvingadai zvichisvikwa mumusungo kure kure nekupihwa kwechirwere ichi. (Kuvhara HRIG zvakare pedyo nenzvimbo yekudzivirira kunogona kukanganisa maitiro ekudzivirira muviri.)
Pane mazano maviri eHURG anobvumirwa kuita izvi:
- Imogam Rabies-HT (vanhu vanoita rabies immune globulin)
- HyperRab TM S / D (vanhu vanonzi rabies immune globulin)
Mishonga inofanira kutanga pasina kunonoka uye pashure kwemazuva gumi mushure mokunge yatsvaga. Mutsara wokutanga waH HRIG uye chirwere chechirwere chinopiwa kamwechete; Zvimwe zvitatu zvekudzivirira majekiseni zvakapiwa zvitatu, zvinomwe, uye mazuva 14 gare gare.
Iyo migumisiro yakaipa inowanzonyorova uye inogona kusanganisira injection site site pain uye mild fever.
Kudzivirira
Pane zvirwere zviviri zvechirwere zvakagamuchirwa kushandiswa muUnited States, zvose zviri zviviri zvinogadzirwa nehutachiona husina kugadzikana izvo zvisingagoni kukonzera utachiona:
- Imovax (munhu diploid cell vaccine)
- RabAvert (yakanatswa chicken embryo cell vaccine)
Zvose izvi zvinopihwa nejisi mujinga remusana wepamusoro mumatatu matatu. Mushure mekutanga kupfura, wechipiri inopiwa mazuva manomwe gare gare, uye chechitatu inopiwa mazuva 14 kusvika ku 21 shure kweizvozvo.
Kunyange zvazvo migumisiro yemigumisiro inowanzova yenyoro (kusanganisira injection site pain, chizungu, musoro, uye kushungurudzika), vamwe vanhu vave vachizivikanwa kuti vane chirwere chakaipa uye chinogona kuuraya chinonzi anaphylaxis. Ndicho chikonzero chekuti RabAvert inofanira kudziviswa kuvanhu vane zivo inozivikanwa yeizira uye inotsiviwa neImovax.
Kazhinji, chirwere chekurwisa chirwere chinopa rabies chinokupa makore gumi ekuchengetedzwa kwemajodzi. Kune avo vari pangozi yakanyanya yekurwisa mhirizhonga, boost shots rinogona kupiwa mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumakore maviri, sezvinodiwa. Vanhu vari pangozi yakakura vanosanganisira:
- Avo vanogara vachingosangana nemhuka dzesango kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanikwa dambudziko revanhukadzi (kusanganisira vakuru vezvikara, veterinarians, vashandi vemhuka, uye cave spelunkers)
- Vafambi vekune dzimwe nyika vanogona kuonana nemhuka kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika umo maitiro evanhukadzi aripo
Shoko Rinobva
Kubudirira kwehutano hurumende yevanhu huri kuve nekudzivirira chirwere chinonzi rabies muUnited States kunokonzerwa nechechi chiduku kune kupararira kwakapararira kwezvipfuwo zvekumba. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine mitemo yekurwisa mhirizhonga kunze kweKansas, Missouri, uye Ohio. Izvozvo zvakati, pakati peavo vanoita, mitemo inogona kusiyanisa nekupedza nguva yekudzivirira, chido chekusimudzira mapfupa, uye kana imbwa dzichichida asi makati haaiti.
Pasinei nezvinotaurwa nemitemo yenyika yako, zvakakosha kuchengetedza chipfuwo chako uye kutevera chirwere chinonzi rabies chirwere chinopiwa neAmerican Animal Hospital Association (AAHA).
Kumugumo uyu, imbwa dzose, makate, uye firitsi dzinofanira kupiwa imwe nhengo yejovha yejobies kwete mberi kwemwedzi mitatu yezera, yakateverwa nehoster kupfura gore gare gare, uye mamwe mahombekiti akapiwa makore ose matatu pashure pacho.
Nokudzivirira chipfuwo chako, iwewo uchange uri kudzivirira mhuri yako uye nharaunda yako.
> Sources:
> American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). Rabies Vaccination. Lakewood, Colorado; yakabudiswa 2017.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Human Rabies. Atlanta, Georgia; yakagadziridzwa musi waAugust 23, 2017.
> CDC. MaRabies Wound Care - Vanhu Rabies Immune Globulin. Yakarongwa musi waMarch 23, 2016.
> Yousaf, M .; Qasim, M .; Zia, S. et al. Rabies molecular virology, kuongororwa, kudzivirira, uye kurapwa. Virol J. 2012; 9: 50. II 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.