Maitiro evanhu emarabhosi anoshoma zvikuru muUnited States, ane mauto 23 chete anonzi kubva muna 2008 kusvika muna 2017. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha kunzwisisa chirongwa cherapa rerabies, utachiona hwehutachiona hunouraya hunokonzera kuputika kweuropi nemutsipa wesipinha. Sezvo World Health Organization (WHO) ichinyora, kurapa kwakanaka munguva pfupi mushure mekunge iwe uchisvika kune rabies kunogona kudzivirira kutanga kwezviratidzo, uye pakupedzisira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwako.
Kana iwe wakarohwa nemhuka, tsvaga kurapwa pakarepo. Chiremba achapa maronda kushungurudza uye kupa mishonga kana pane ngozi yekutapukirwa.
Kuchengetedzwa Kwokukuvara
Chiito chinokurumidza chinokosha kana zvichiuya pakurapa rabies. Mukuwedzera pakutsvaga kurapwa mushure mokunge mhuka yakaruma (kunyanya kubva pakurwi, mhuka, kana skunk), ronda racho rinofanira kunatswa nokukurumidza uye zvakakwana.
Kuti uwane rubatsiro rwekutanga runotora chirwere, WHO inokurudzira kusvetuka uye kushambidza ronda racho kwemadiki mashoma gumi nemashanu. Iyi yekuchenesa inofanira kusanganisira kushandiswa kwesipo nemvura, detergent, uye / kana povidone-iodine solution.
Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kutsvakurudza kwezvipfuwo kwakaratidza kuti kucheneswa kwechirema zvakakwana kunogona kuderedza zvikuru mikana yekuvandudza rabies. Kana imwe nguva zviratidzo zviripo, zvisinei, rufu kubva pakuchema kuputika kunowanzoitika mumazuva manomwe-kunyange kana kurapa kuchipiwa.
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti hutachiona hwemapurisa ndiyo ikozvino inowanzobva kune vanhu vanofanirwa nerufu rwechirwere muUnited States. Chirwere cheshuga chinogona kuparadzirwa nemhuka dzakadai semaputi, skunks, uye raccoons. Munyika yose, 99 muzana yevanhu vanorwara nemarariya anokonzerwa nehutachiona hwekutapukirwa nembwa dzomumba.
Ramba uchiyeuka kuti, zvisinei nokuti chirwere chinokonzera mhirizhonga chinokanganisa, mhuka dzinocheka dzinogona kukanganisa zvakakomba apo ronda racho rakaoma. Semuenzaniso, kuchema kunogona kutungamirira kumunharaunda uye / kana kushandiswa kweutachiona, pamwe nekucheka kwemitsipa kana tete. Nokudaro, nguva dzose dzinokosha kutsvaga kurapwa mushure mokutambura nhando ipi zvayo yemhuka kuruma.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) ndiyo nzira chete yekurapa inozivikanwa kuchengetedza kufa kwehupenyu hwechirwere. Iro kurapa kunosanganisira kushambadza kwakakura uye kurapwa kwemukoko kwevanga rakatevedzwa nedzimwe nzira yakakosha uye yakagadzirisa chirwere chinonzi rabies.
Apo inopiwa munguva, PEP inogona kumisa rabies chirwere chepachirwere chisingaiti kupinda mukati memagetsi emagetsi uye, zvakare, kudzivirira kutanga kwechirwere chechirwere. Kusvika panguva ino, hapana munhu muUnited States akasika rabies apo anopiwa chirwere nokukurumidza uye zvakakodzera, maererano neNational Institutes of Health.
Mukuwedzera kune PEP, chiremba wako anogona kupa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Iwe unogona kutora tetanus kupfura zvichienderana nezuva rako rekupedzisira tetanus shot.
Rabies Vaccine
Kufanana nemishonga yose, zvirwere zvemukoko zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona husingakwanisi kukonzera zvirwere kana kubereka. Mukupindura kumushonga, muviri wako unobereka zvirwere zvinotarisana uye zvinouraya rabies chirwere.
Nemhaka yokuti zvirwere zvevanhu zvemarabhosi hazvina kugadziriswa, hazvigoneki kukudziridza rabies kubva pakuwana chirwere. Chirwere chimwe nechimwe chinotarisana nemhando dzakawanda dzehutano-kutonga, izvo zvinosanganisira kuongororwa kwehutano, chepfu, kuchengetedza, uye sterility.
Kusarudza
Inowanzopiwa muheteti yakatarwa yemayero mashanu pamusoro pemazuva makumi mana (kutanga nemusi wekutsvaga), chirwere chinonzi rabies chinoshandiswa nejojo. Mukuwedzera, vanhu vazhinji vanogamuchirawo kurapwa kunonzi vanhu rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) kunze kwekuti vakambove vachakonwa kana kuti vari kuwana majekiseni asati ajekesa rabies. Uyewo inotungamirirwa nejojo, HRIG inopiwa zuva iro mhuka yakaruma.
Migumisiro Yechiri
Kunyange zvazvo kusagadzikana kusina kunaka kune chirwere chechirwere uye HRIG hachisi chinhu chinowanzoitika, zvinogona kukonzera mamwe maitiro mashoma panzvimbo yejojo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- kurwadziwa
- kubwinya
- kuzvimba
- itching
Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, varwere vanogona kuona zviratidzo zvakadai semusoro, kusuruvara, kurwadziwa mumimba, misumbu yemakumbo, uye chirwere.
Usati wagamuchira chirwere chechirwere, rega chiremba wako kana iwe wakamboita chirwere chakakomba chinokonzera chirwere chechirwere chechirwere. Iwe unofanirwawo kuudza chiremba wako kana une chirwere chakakomba, kana uine simba rakasimba rekudzivirira zvirwere nekuda kwechirwere chisingaperi kana kushandiswa kwemamwe mishonga (steroids).
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. "Mabiko: Ndingaitei kuti ndiwane?" January 29, 2018.
> National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. "Mishonga." July 2016.
> National Institutes of Health. "Rabies Vaccine." April 2018.
> Salve H, Kumar S, Sa R, Rai SK, Kant S, Pandav CS. "Kukwanisika kwekugadziriswa kwekuchengetedzeka kwemukati wemagermas post exposure prophylaxis kurwisa rabies pamusana pokutarisira kwekutanga - uchapupu hunobva kumaruwa eHaryana." BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Jun 25; 14: 278.
> World Health Organization. " Inowanzobvunzwa mibvunzo pamusoro peRabies ." Yakapedzisira yasvika muna April 2018.