Meningitis Zviratidzo uye Zvirwere

by Vincent Iannelli, MD, chiremba anozivikanwa nebhodhi

Chii Chaunoda Kuziva Pamusoro peMenningitis

Kana iwe wakambonzwa nezve meningitis, uye kunyanya kana mwana wako ane fivha isina kufanirwa, unogona kuva nehanya. Ndeipi chaizvo meningitis? Ndezvipi zviratidzo? Izvo zvinoonekwa sei uye sei inoshandiswa?

Sezvo meningitis ndeimwe yezvirwere zvinotyisa zvehucheche kuvabereki vakawanda, kutora nguva yekudzidza nezviratidzo nezviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvakakosha zvikuru.

Kunzwisisa zviratidzo izvi kunogonawo kukubatsira kuitira kuti urege kunyanya kunetseka.

Chii chinonzi Meningitis? -Definition

Meningitis inoratidzirwa hutachiwana muhuduku umo microorganism inokonzera uye inokonzera kuvhiringidza kwemaninges-nhengo dzinopoteredza uropi. Icho chinopesana ne encephalitis iyo inotapukira iyo inonyanya kukonzera matukisi muuropi.

Mutsipa wakaoma, misoro, uye fevuru zvinowanikwa neine meningitis, asi chirwere chinorwadza hachisi. Meningitis, kunyanya bhakitiriya meningitis, haina kunyanya kudarika kupfuura munguva yakapfuura nekuda kwekuita zvirwere zvevana zvinopesana nezvinokonzera.

Meningitis Zviratidzo uye Zviratidzo

Munhu wese akasiyana paanouya nezvemazinitis, asi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa ndezvekubatana kwepfungwa uye fever. Kune vana vakawanda, zviratidzo zve meningitis zvinowedzera nokukurumidza mukati memamiriro emaawa uye vanenge 15 kubva muzana yevana havana chavanoziva panguva yekuongororwa.

Vamwe vana vanogona kuva nekutanga kwezviratidzo zuva kana maviri vasati vasvika. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika zve meningitis muvana zvinogona kusanganisira:

Mutsipa wakaoma - Mutsipa wakaoma unowanikwa mune vana vakawanda vane meningitis. Kana mwana wako akanzwa musoro wakatsika kumashure kana kunyunyutira marwadzo paunenge uchiedza kumanikidza musoro wake kumucheto wake, unofanirwa kutsvaga kurapwa. Vanachiremba vanowanzoedza kuoma uku kwakapiwa mazita mumishonga. "Chiratidzo chaKernig" chinonzi chakanaka kana chinorwadza kupfugama mabvi nejira rinoshanduka. "Chiratidzo chaBrudzinski" chakanaka kana kukamanikidzwa kwekuyerera kwemutsipa (kusunungura musoro wemwana pasi kumucheto wake) kunokonzera kurwadziwa uye kunoita kuti mwana achinje mahudyu nemabvi. Mutsipa wakaomesera unovapo nekuda kwekuputika kwemashoko, ayo anotambanudzirwa zvishoma kana musoro wawedzerwa uye makumbo akatambanudzwa zvakananga.

Musoro musoro wakanyanya.
Fivhiri - Fivhiri inogona kuva yakadzika-grade (somuenzaniso, 100.5 F) kana yepamusoro-grade (kupfuura 104 F) zvichienderana nerudzi rwemainititis uye zvimwe zvinhu. Vanenge 75 muzana yevana vane fever inopfuura 100.4 F.)
Nausea uye kurutsa.
Kunzwisisa kujekesa (photophobia.)
Kunyangadza uye kusagadzikana.
Kuneta kana sedation.
Kugumburwa - Kukunda ihwohwo chiratidzo chakakurumbira chemainititis asi chinogona kuitika nehutachiona hwehutachiona husina meningitis, zvakadai sefibrile seizures .)
Mamiriro emupfungwa anoshanduka, akadai sokunyengedzera, delirium, mazano, kana kunyange coma. Mamiriro emupfungwa maitiro akajairika, anowanikwa munenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevana mune chimwe chidzidzo.
Bhuku rinosungirirwa mucheche mucheche ane ruvara rwetsanel kana kuti nzvimbo yakaderera haisati yavharwa zvakare.
Rush (a non-blanching (haishanduki chena kana iwe uchifambisa pairi) kumhanya kunogona kuitika ne meningococcal meningitis.)
Unhu hwako hunyengeri semubereki kuti chimwe chinhu chakakanganisika. Usatora pfungwa yako sevabereki, sezvo vabereki vanowanzoziva kuti chimwe chinhu chakakanganisika nemwana wavo kunyange vasati vasati vatapi vezvokurapa vangaita kudaro.

Zvinosuruvarisa, vamwe vana havana maitiro ekutanga evanhu vane meningitis uye dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kufungidzira.

Mucheche, zviratidzo zvemutsipa wakaoma uye misoro hazviwanzooneka pachena, uye zviratidzo zvinowanzosanganisira kusagadzikana, kudya kwakashata, uye kunetseka.

Mhando dzeMenningitis

Isu tinowanzotaura pamusoro pekuita meningitis sekunge kwaiva chirwere chimwe, asi kune zvipenyu zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana zvinogona kukonzera meningitis, uye meningitis inokonzerwa nema microorganisms akasiyana anogona kuva nezviratidzo zvakasiyana. Mavairasi, mabhakitiriya, uye fungi zvinogona kukonzera meningitis, uye zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinowanzoitika.

Zvinokonzera Viral Meningitis (Aseptic Meningitis)

Mavirusi anokonzera katatu kusvika mana kanomwe sezviitiko zvakawanda zve meningitis semabhakitiriya. Izwi rokuti " aseptic meningitis " rinowanzoreva meningitis rinokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu kunze kwebhakitiriya, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kurondedzera chirwere chinonzi viral meningitis.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera meningitis zvinosanganisira:

Ingoviruses (iyo inonyanya kukonzera) - Meningitis inokonzerwa ne enteroviruses inowanzosvika pakati paJune naOctober. Inoviruses ine mavairusi ayo anowanzogara mumugwagwa wezvokudya, uye vazhinji havaiti chirwere.
Herpes viruses, kusanganisira chirwere chekudyapox.
Measles virus.
Mumps virus.
Influenza virus.
Utachiona hweWest Nile - Utachiona hweWest Nile hutachiona hunopararira nehutachiita hwemumumvu uye hunowanikwa pakati paAugust naOctober. Mukuwedzera kumararamiro e-meningitis, vanhu vane hutachiwana vanowanzova nekuputika uye glandira. Utachiona hweWest Nile hwave huri kuwanikwa mumatunhu makumi mana nemakumi mana uye hafu yevanhu vanoita kuti chirwere chacho chivewo chekuwedzera meningitis kana encephalitis.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Zvinokonzera Bacterial Meningitis

Bhakterial meningitis haina kufanana nehutachiona hwemagetsi asi inowedzera kuva yakanyanya uye ine simba guru rematambudziko kwenguva refu. Chikonzero chinokonzera meningitis chinokanganisa zvikuru nezera.

Vana vacheche (mwedzi mitatu yokutanga): Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvebhakitiriya meningitis mucheche vacheche ndeizvi:

E. coli
Gulu reR streptococcus
Listeria monocytogenes

Vana vakwegura nevana - Zvipembenene zvakanyanya zvinokonzerwa ne-meningitis muvana vaduku zvakachinja zvikuru mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura nekuda kwezvirwere. Zvipenyu zvizhinji zvinozivikanwa zvinosanganisira:

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonococcus) - Pneumococcus ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera bhakitiriya meningitis muvana.
Neisseria meningitides (meninogococcus) - Meningococcus ndiyo yechipiri inowanzokonzera meningitis muvana. Meningococcal meningitis inogona kubudisa zviratidzo zvemainitisiti pamwe nekapamusoro petechial rash (rash nekuda kwemitsipa yeropa yakaputsika iyo isingasviki kana kuiswa kweganda paganda.)
Haemophilus influenzae rudzi rweB (Hib) - H. Flu ndiro chikonzero chinowanzokonzera meningitis muvana kusvikira kuma1990, asi chirwere ichi hachina kujairika nekuda kwekudzivirira.

Zvimwe zvinokonzera kukonzera meningitis zvinosanganisira chirwere cheRyme, syphilis, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, chirwere chetachiona, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzera fungal zvinokanganisa chirwere cheshuga chinonzi cryptococcal meningitis (inowanzoonekwa nevana vane AIDS.)

Kuongororwa kweMenisitis (Meningitis Tests)

Mushure mokutora nhepfenyuro shomanana uye yepanyama, kuvhara kwemberi (musana wemugunha) kuchakurudzirwa kana chiremba wako ane hanya nezvemayiritis. Iyi nzira inogona kutyisa inotyisa semubereki, asi iyo inowanzoitwa nenzira yevana. Nzira iyi inonyanya kufara kupfuura iyo inoratidzika, uye zviratidzo zvakaipisisa zvevana vakawanda zviri kumira zvichiripo apo nzira inoitwa. Nechirungu chekudzivirira, sampu ye cerebrospinal fluid inobviswa kuitira kuti inogona kuongororwa pasi pe microscope uye yakagadzirwa. A CT scan of the head is sometimes done before a lumbar puncture to rule out exacrating pressure which can cause problems with the process.

Zvirwere zvakabviswa kubva mumumhino wemagunha zvinotariswa pasi pe microscope, iyo dzimwe nguva inogona kuratidza kuti utachiona huri hutachiona kana bhakitiriya (zvichienderana nekusvibiswa kwemvura uye zvimwe) uye mabhakitiriya api angave aripo. Nharaunda dzemvura yakadaro inoshandiswa kuti ikure mabhakitiriya kuitira kuti iongororwe zvakajeka. Mishonga yakakura yakawanda inowanzotanga kusati tsika yehutano iripo, uye zvino inogona kuchinjwa kuva mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inobata rudzi rwehutachiona hwehutachiona. "Kushushikana" kuchave kushandiswa, izvo zviongorori zvinoratidza kuti ma antibiotic anoshanda zvakanakisisa kune rimwe dambudziko rebhakitiriya.

Dzimwe nguva kufungidzira miedzo, yakadai seCCT kana MRI yemusoro yakaitwa pamwe chete, kunyanya kubvisa zvimwe zvinokonzera zviratidzo zvepfungwa.

Kusiyanisa Kuziva Kuzivikanwa kweMenisitis-Chii Chingave Chero?

Pane humwe hutachiona hwehutachiona uye hutachiona hunogona kuve nekuputika kwezviratidzo ne meningitis. Encephalitis inoreva kuvhiringidza kweuropi, panzvimbo yekumhanya kana kuti zvibhakera zvakakonzera uropi nemutsara wemutsva. Kusiyana kukuru pakati pe encephalitis uye meningitis ndechokuti encephalitis ine zviratidzo zvepamunharaunda (inobva pane uko muuropi utachiona huri) kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvinobatana. Dzimwe nguva mamiriro ezvinhu aya anowanikwa pamwe chete se "meningoencephalitis."

Uropi husina hanya nehutachiona hunogona kuva nezviratidzo zvakafanana, kunyange zvazvo uine uropi hwepfungwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanikwa maziso ehutano hwehutano. Sinusitis inogona kukonzera musoro uye fever. Chinenge chiripo chero hutachiona hwehutachiona, chaizvoizvo, hunogona kutungamirira kumusoro uye fever, saka zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako kana iwe une chikonzero chero zvacho zvachose chokufungidzira meningitis.

Zvimwe zvisingaiti zvepabonde zvinogonawo dzimwe nguva zvinokonzera kusanganiswa kwefivhiri uye musoro, semuenzaniso, zviputi zvepfungwa.

Meningitis Treatments

Meningitis kurapa inobva kune rudzi rwehupenyu hunokonzera chirwere chacho. Neviraridal meningitis, chinangwa chekurapa chinonyanya kutarisira kutsigira, nemishonga inoshandiswa nemishonga inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvirwere zvakadai semadayiritis anokonzerwa nehutachiona hwechickenpox.

Kurapa kwebhakitiriya meningitis kanowanzotanga nekubatanidzwa kwepraviraous wide spectrum antibiotics. Kusarudzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kuchinja kana kunyatsoongorora kuchiitwa pamwe chete ne "senzwivheni," miedzo inosarudza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iyo mabhakitiriya chaiwo anowanikwa.

Mumazuva okutanga makumi mapfumbamwe eupenyu, chizvarwa chechitatu cephalosporin chinowanzoshandiswa (pamwe chete na ampicillin mumwedzi wokutanga.)

Vana vakwegura nevana vanowanzobatwa nekubatanidzwa kwe cefotaxime kana ceftriazone pamwe nevancomycin kusvikira chigumbuso chikaonekwa. Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvinowanikwa zvichienderana nezvinoitwa nemhuka zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo zvinokonzera uye kune vana vanogona kunge vaine mishonga yemishonga inowanzopiwa.

Meningitis Prophylaxis

Kune mamwe maitiro e-meningitis, antibiotic prophylaxis (antibiotics kudzivirira utachiona) ichakurudzirwa kune vanofambidzana, vakadai semhuri, shamwari, uye vanopa zvekurapa vangangodaro vakaratidzirwa.

Zviratidzo zveMenningitis

Chiitiko chinotarisirwa chemainiritisiti chinowirirana zvichienderana nehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere chacho. Viral meningitis inotanga kuva nehuwandu hwakanaka hwekuwedzera kune mabhakitiriya meningitis. Kurapa kwechirwere ichi kunobatanidzawo kuti nokukurumidza chirwere chacho chinowanikwa sei, nehutano hwepakutanga hunoita kuti zvirwere zvinyatsoitika. Nenzira yakawanda, pneumococcal meningitis ine chirevo chakanyanya kukuvara.

Mirefu yakareba kwenguva yakajeka yakabatana ne meningitis inowanzova yakajairika nebhakitiriya meningitis kupfuura chirwere chemainterititis uye inogona kusanganisira kurasikirwa nekuteerera, kudzidzira kuremara, kugumburwa, uye zvimwe zvinokonzerwa neurological. Ngozi yekunzwa kurasikirwa kubva kumagumisiro inobva kune chirwere chemaini. Zvidzidzo zvenguva ichangopfuura, zvisinei, zvakawana kuti kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwakabatana ne meningitis kune, kakawanda, kunoshandiswa. Mimwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogonawo kuguma nemigumisiro yenguva yakareba yakadai sekurasikirwa kwekunzwa, asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki kupfuura kare.

Meningitis, kunyange nhasi, inoramba iri chirwere chakakomba. Vana vazhinji vanorarama kubva kuhutachiona hwemagedha, asi bhakitiriya meningitis inotakura huwandu hwevakafa hwe5 kusvika ku15 muzana zvichienderana nemhuka.

Meningitis Prevention

Kudzivirira meningitis kunogona kutora maitiro akasiyana.

Dzimwe mhando dze meningitis, semuenzaniso, meningococcal meningitis, dzinopararira zvikuru. Kana wakambove wakapoteredza munhu anonzi ane chirwere ichi chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti utore mishonga inodzivirira maantibiotics. Mimwe mhando ye meningitis, kana ichipindira, haigoni kuunza meningitis asi zvirwere zvishoma zvakanyanya zvirwere zvehutachiona.

Mhando dzakawanda dze meningitis muvana dzinodzivirirwa nekupora. Sezvambotaurwa kare, meningitis nekuda kweHemophilis influenzae ndiyo yaive yakajairika ye meningitis muvana kusvikira makore mashomanana akapfuura. Iye zvino zvirwere zvinotapurirwa nemishonga yeHIb zvinoita kuti rudzi urwu rwemaminisitiri rusati rwuripo.

Tora nguva yekudzidza nezvemishonga inonzi meningitis inowanika kuvana, kusanganisira Hib, Prevnar, uye meningococcal vaccines.

Iwe unogonawo kuda kuziva nezvekuti chirwere chekudzivirira chinogona kudzivirirwa kusanganisira meningitis chikaderera kubva panguva yekutanga-vaccine kusvika panguva yedu yemazuva ano.

Pasi Pano paMinningitis Zviratidzo Muvana (kana Vakuru)

Meningitis inosuruvarisa chirwere chinowanzoonekwa nevana, kunyange zvirwere zvepurogiramu zvishoma zvishoma zvakakonzera kuderedza ngozi, uye nguva yakareba yehutachiona. Panguva ino yazvino, zvikonzero zvevirusi zvakanyanya.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa nokukurumidza, nezviratidzo zvekunyengera uye kudya kwakashata mumucheche, uye kuora musoro, fivha, uye mitsipa mikukutu muvana vakwegura. Kuongororwa nokukurumidza uye kurapwa kunogona kuderedza kufa pamwe chete nekuguma kwenguva refu kwechirwere, saka ani naani ane hanya pamusoro pomwana wavo anofanira kukanganisa kudivi rekuchenjerera uye kutsvaga kurapwa.

Kubudirira kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kutangwa nokukurumidza apo kuvharwa kwechikwata (musana weropa) kana mamwe marabhu anoratidza kuti chirwere chiripo. Kusarudza chikonzero chaicho chakakosha mukurapwa, saka zvakakosha kuti upe mwana wako chiremba chemishonga pamba asati achitsvaga rubatsiro sezvo izvi zvinogona kupindira nekururama kwezviedzo. Kunyange zvazvo meningitis isingawanzwiki mune hutano, inogona kuva inotyisa semubereki. Bvunza mibvunzo uye ona kuti unonzwisisa zviri kuitika nemwana wako. Zvipatara zvakawanda zvevana vanobatsira vanhu vanogona kukubatsira kurarama nemanzwiro apo mwana wako ari kurapwa.

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