Dzidza kuti nei CDC ichivakurudzira, pavanopiwa, nezvimwe
Mishonga inogona kuva imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzokudzivirira iyo mubereki anogona kutora kuti adzivirire mwana, mwana, kana mukomana kubva zvirwere zvinotapukira. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogonawo kudzivirira zvirwere kuvanhu vakuru. Zvirwere zvinotibatsira kuti tisave nematambudziko makuru ehutano akadai sekurwadziwa, kupararira, uye kunyange rufu. Zvakakosha kuti munhu wose anorirwe sezvinorumbidzwa-kwete chete kwehutano hwavo asi hutano hwevamwe, zvakare.
Zvirwere zvinokurudzirwa zvichienderana nezera, zvepabonde, uye kunyange nzvimbo yekufamba. Tisati tapinda mune zvakananga zveumwe neumwe, kuongorororwa kwezvipo zveumwe neumwe kunogona kubatsira.
- Chirwere cheHepatitis B chinochengetedza chirwere chinokonzerwa neropa.
- DTaP vaccine inodzivirira d d iphtheria, t etanus, uye p ertussis. Diphteria inofukidza huro muhupamhi, jira rakarukwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufema. Tetanus inogona kukonzera kusuruvara kwemisungo yakasimba uye inonziwo "lockjaw." Pertussis inopikisa chifuva.
- Hikemukari yeHib inodzivirira Hemophilus influenzae rudzi b, iyo inogona kukonzera pneumonia , meningitis, uye epiglottitis (kuvhiringidza epiglottis).
- PCV13 inodzivirira zvirwere zvepneumococcal. Muvana vaduku, pneumococcal zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera pneumococcal meningitis. Muvanhu vakwegura, inowanzokonzera pneumonia.
- Chirwere chepachiyovirus chisina kuvharidzirwa chinodzivirira kurwisa poliomyelitis, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuparara kwekupedzisira.
- Rotavirus vaccine inodzivirira kurwisana ne rotavirus, iyo inowanzokonzera chirwere.
- Mushonga weMMR unochengetedza m easles, m umps, uye r ubella. Measles nemumps zvinogona kukonzera uropi hukuvara. Rubella inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kuberekwa.
- Varicella vachengeti vanochengetedza kurwisa chickenpox, iyo iyo ingave yakaipa kuvanhu vakawanda, inogona kukonzera kugarisa-kunyanya pakati pevana vaduku.
- Chirwere cheHepatitis A chinodzivirira kurwara (kureva,, nguva pfupi) chirwere cheropa, izvo zvinokanganisa. Hepatitis A inopararira nezvokudya uye mvura yakasvibiswa uye inowanzokonzera zvirwere zvepfungwa, zvichiguma nekurasikirwa kukuru kwezvemari.
- Imwe yechirwere inodzivirira kupera kwegore.
- Tdap inodzivirira t etanus t , d iphtheria, uye p ertussis. Zvakafanana neDTaP booster.
- Maningococcal vaccines inodzivirira meningococcal zvirwere, izvo zvinokonzera meningitis uye utachiona hweropa.
- Mushonga wepillomavirus wemunhu unodzivirira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nepillomavirus yevanhu. Nhoroondo, papillomavirus yevanhu inokonzera maitiro emagetsi. Ichi chirwere chinokurudzirwa kuvakomana nevasikana.
- PPSV23 inodzivirira pneumococcal pneumonia uye inowanzopiwa kuvanhu vakwegura.
- Chirwere cheguruvha chinodzivirira yellow fever, chirwere chinopisa. Vafambi chete uye vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika dzinotyisa vanowana vachakonzerwa.
- Chirwere cheShingles chinoderedza ngozi iyo vanhu vakwegura vanoita shingles . Shingles inokonzera kushungurudza kunorwadza.
- Chirwere chekupora chinoshandiswa kune vanofambira kune nzvimbo dzinopisa. Cholera inokonzera chirwere chemvura chinogona kuuraya.
- Chirungu chinonzi Encephalitis vaccine chinodzivirira kuJapan encephalitis. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vane utachiona hwekuJapan incephalitis vasingagoni kuona zviratidzo, jenje encephalitis inogona kukonzera uropi hwehutachiona. Iyo chirwere inokurudzirwa kune vanoenda kumaruwa eAsia.
- Chirwere chechirwere chinopa kudzivirirwa kurwisana nehupidhi, iyo vanhu vanowana nokudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemvura. Dutu guru rinokonzera fevha, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, kushaya simba, nezvimwewo. Vatambi vanoenda kunyika dziri kusimukira vanofanira kufunga nezvekudzivirira.
- Rabies vaccine inodzivirira kurwisa rabies. Rabies inouraya huzhinji hwevanhu vasingagamuchiri kurwisa nokukurumidza mushure mekunge vaona. Vanhu vakaroorwa nemhuka dzesango vanofanira kugamuchira chirwere.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamira: Maawa makumi maviri nemaviri ekuberekwa
Nhamba yematokisi: 3
Nguva:
- Pakuberekwa
- Pakati pemwedzi 1 ne2
- Pakati pemwedzi 6 ne18
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume nemukadzi
Special Notes: Hepatitis B chirwere chinokonzera chiropa chokuputika. Izvozvo zvinogona kukonzera kupirhosisi, mamiriro ayo mavara mashoma anotsiva mishonga ine utano inoita kuti chiropa chisakundikane nekenza yeropa.
Utachiona hweH hepatitis B hunoparidzirwa kuburikidza neropa kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemuviri. MuUnited States, 1.25 mamiriyoni vanhu vane utachiona husingaperi (kureva, kwenguva refu) kutapukira kwehupatitis B. Makumi makumi matatu nevatanhatu zvevanhu ava vane utachiwana muhuduku. Kusvikira 25 kubva muzana yevanhu vanotapukirwa sezvo vacheche vanofa nechirwere chechiropa sevanhu vakuru, ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha zvikuru kudzivirira utachiona nehutachiwana pakuberekwa.
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) Chirwere
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche nevana vaduku
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: 2 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 5
Nguva:
- Pamwedzi 2
- Kwemwedzi mina
- Pamwedzi 6
- Pakati pemwedzi 15 ne18
- Pakati pemakore mana ne6
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume nemukadzi
Nyaya dzakakosha: Pertussis inowanzozivikanwa se "kukurudzira kuora." Ichi chirwere chinopararira chinokonzera chirwere chinokonzera chinopedza mavhiki maviri kana kupfuura uye chinogona kuendeswa nekurutsa. Pertussis inonyanya kutyisa pakati pemucheche uye inogona kutungamirira pumumonia, kukuvara kwehupi, kugumburwa, nekufa.
Pertussis ndiyo chirwere chisina kuraswa chinorambidzwa chinogona kudzivirirwa nenzira yemushonga. Kuwedzerwa kwe pertussis crescendos makore matatu kusvika kune mashanu, uye nhamba yematambudziko yave ichiwedzera kubvira kuma1980. DTaP vaccination inoshanda pakati pe80 ne89 muzana yenguva. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyange kana munhu akapemha, zvinogona kuve zvichiri kutapukirwa nepartussis.
Mushonga weDTaP unochengetedzawo kushaya diphtheria uye tetanus. Diphteria inofukidza huro muhutu hwakaoma uye inotungamirira kukuora mitezo, kukanganisa kwemwoyo, uye zvinetso zvokufema. Tetanus inokonzera musimba kusimbisa, kunyanya yemusoro nemutsipa, ndicho chikonzero chinonzi "lockjaw." Mutsipa unoomesa unoita kuti zvive nyore kuvhura muromo, kumedza, uye kufema. Kunyange muzera rehutano hwemazuva ano, mumwe wevanhu gumi vane utachiona hwetetanus anofa, asi njodzi inoderedzwa zvikuru kana iwe uchiwana chirwere sezvinodiwa. Booster mazano anokurudzirwa kutanga kwezera rechi11 uye makore gumi nemashure.
Tetanus, Diphtheria, uye Acellular Pertussis (Tdap)
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Adolescents
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: Pakati pe11 ne12
Nhamba yematokisi: 1 pamwe neTetanus booster makore gumi nemakore
Nguva: Pakati pe11 ne12; Tetanus boost every 10 years
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: Tdap inonzi booster vaccination inodzivirirawo kutetanus, diphtheria, uye pertussis. Vachiri kuyaruka vanotanga kugamuchira chirwere pakati pemakore 11 ne12 uye vanogamuchira Td boosters (tetanus uye diphtheria asi kwete pertussis) makore gumi nerimwe. Vakadzi vanofanira kugamuchira chirwere chepamuviri nemimba yega yega nokuti vacheche vari pangozi yepamusoro pekutengesa. Nhoroondo, vana vacheche vachirongwa vachitheria, acellular pertussis, uye tetanus (chirwere cheDTaP) pamwedzi miviri yezera.
Haemophilus influenzae gwaro b (Hib) Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: 2 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 3 kana 4 (zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwekuvhara kweHib yakashandiswa)
Nguva (kana madhii 4):
- Mwedzi miviri
- 4 mwedzi
- 6 mwedzi
- Pakati pemwedzi 12 ne15
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume nemukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: Mushonga weHib unogona kupiwa woga (Hib-chete) kana kusanganiswa nemamwe zvirwere. Mukoko weHib unodzivirira kubhakitiriya inonzi Haemophilus influenzae rudzi b (Hib). Nyaya, kunyange zvazvo furu inomiririra "I" MuHib, iyi bhakitiriya haina kukonzera nguva "furu."
Mabhakitiriya eHib anopararira nemhepo. Kuvharirwa nebhakitiriya reHIb kunogona kukonzera meningitis (utachiona hwehutachiona uye uchengeti hweuropi nemutsipa weropa); epiglottitis (utachiona hwe epiglottis, ruvara rwehututi inoputira mupombi panguva yokumedza); uye pneumonia (chirwere chemapapu).
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: 2 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 4
Nguva:
- Pamwedzi 2
- Kwemwedzi mina
- Pamwedzi 6
- Pakati pemwedzi 12 ne15
Nhamba imwe chete inorayirwa kune vanhu vakuru vane makore 65 kana kupfuura.
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume nemukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: PCV13 inodzivirira zvirwere gumi nembiri zvepineumococcal bacteria. Chirwere chepneumococcal chinokonzera pneumonia; utachiona hweropa (kureva, bacteremia); uye meningitis. Pneumococcal pneumonia inowanzokonzera vanhu vakuru.
Vana vasina kusununguka vanogona kuwana pneumococcal meningitis, iyo inouraya anenge 10 kubva muzana yevana vanobatwa, naizvozvo zvakakosha kuwana chirwere sezvinodiwa. Pneumococcal meningitis inogona kukonzera upofu uye matsi.
Kunyangwe munhu upi zvake anogona kuwana chirwere chepneumococcal, vana vari pasi pemakore maviri, vanhu vane makore 65 kana kupfuura, vanoputa, uye vanhu vane humwe hutano huri mungozi. Pamusana pokumanikidzwa, maantibayoti anoshandiswa kurapa chirwere chepneumococcal hachina kubudirira kupfuura zvaaichimbova, ndicho chikonzero kupora kunokosha zvikuru.
Chirwere chePoliovirus chisina kugadziriswa
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche nevana vaduku
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: 2 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 4
Nguva:
- Pamwedzi 2
- Kwemwedzi mina
- Pakati pemwedzi 6 ne18
- Pakati pemakore mana ne6
Nzira yehutungamiri: Kushaya muUnited States; muromo (nemuromo) uripo munyika yose (isina kushandiswa muU.S. kubva muna 2000)
Gender: Murume nemukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Vakawanda vevanhu vane utachiona hweporiyo hapana zviratidzo. Pasina 2 muzana yevanhu vanoona poliomyelitis, kana hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuora mitezo zvachose.
Ikoko hakuna kumbove nemafungiro epiomyelitis muUnited States mumakumi emakore. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvichiri kukurudzirwa kuti vana vose vachengetedzwe nokuti kune poliovirus kubuda kune dzimwe nyika.
Rotavirus Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: 2 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 2 kana 3 zvichienderana nekuita
Nguva (kana 3 mazamu):
- Pamwedzi 2
- Kwemwedzi mina
- Pamwedzi 6
Nzira yekutungamirira: Nomuromo
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya inokosha: Mishonga miviri yakasiyana yeR rotavirus yakagadzirwa nokuti yakave pachena kuti kuvandudzwa kwehutsanana uye utsanana hwekutsvaga hakuzopedza chirwere chacho. Rotavirus ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzerwa nehutano hwemucheche nehucheche munyika yose uye inoguma pakati pematambudziko emamiriyoni maviri nemakumi matatu muUnited States, 60 000 hospital hospital, uye pakati pe20 ne60 vakafa.
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche nevana vaduku
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamira: mwedzi gumi nembiri
Nhamba yematokisi: 2
Nguva:
- Pakati pemwedzi 12 ne15
- Pakati pemakore mana ne6
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Zvinyorwa zvinonyanya kukosha : Mushonga weMMR ndiwo mushonga unobatanidzwa unopa kuchengetedzwa pamasero, mumaspipe, uye rubella.
Measles inowanzobatanidzwa neganda kuchinja (Koplik mavara) uye rinopisa. Inokonzerawo kuora mwoyo, kana kuora kweuropi. Zvinokonzera zvinokonzera kusuruvara kunorwadza kwe salivary (parotid) glands. Inogonawo kukonzera kuvhiringidza kwepancreas uye testicles pamwe nekukuvara kwehupi nekufa. Rubella inokonzera kukura kwema-lymph nodes, kupisa kweganda, uye marwadzo. Inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kuberekwa muchechecheche.
Chirwere chekutanga cheMMR chinodzivirira 95 muzana chete yevaya vachakonzerwa, ndiyo chikonzero chechipiri chido chinodiwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, pakave nokubuda kwemasero pakati pevanhu vasingagamuchirwe vachakonzera, kusanganisira imwe paDisneyland.
Varicella Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche nevana vaduku
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamira: mwedzi gumi nembiri
Nhamba yematokisi: 2
Nguva:
- Pakati pemwedzi 12 ne15
- Pakati pemakore mana ne6
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Varicella-zoster virus inokonzera chickenpox (uye kugadzirisazve kunokonzera shingles kuvanhu vakuru). Utachiona hunopararira zvikuru. Zvishanu zvezviuru 1000 zvevaricella-zoster virus zvinokonzerwa nekupatara.
Vakawanda vevanhu vari muzvipatara vari pakati pemakore nemakore mana, saka nei vacheche vachipora. Kuwedzera kune utachiona hweganda, varicella-zoster virus inogonawo kukonzera pneumonia.
Varicella-zoster vaccine inogonawo kupiwa kuvanhu mushure mekusangana nehutachiona kuti kuderedze utachiona. Nhoroondo, kushandiswa kwepasi rose kwechirwere chevaricella chinoguma nekuderedza mari inosanganiswa. Kunyanya, kune $ 1 yose yakashandiswa pakuvhara, $ 5 yakachengetedzwa.
Hepatitis A Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche nevana vaduku
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamira: mwedzi gumi nembiri
Nhamba yematokisi: 2
Nenguva: Pasi peCDC, "Tanga 2-dose HepA mitsara yemakore 12 kusvika kumwedzi makumi maviri nematanhatu; iparadzanisa maitiro maviri kusvika pamwedzi gumi nematanhatu."
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Hepatitis A inokonzera zvakanyanya (kureva,, nguva pfupi) chirwere chechiropa. Inoparadzirwa nezvokudya uye mvura yakasvibiswa. Urombo hwakashata uye hutsanana hwehutsanana hunowedzera njodzi yehutachiona hweA hepatitis A.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzouraya, chirwere chehepatitis A chinogona kukonzera zvirwere, izvo zvinotyisa kukura kwehutano hwevanhu, uye munhu ane utachiona anogona kupotsa masvondo ekushanda kana kuchikoro, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kukuru kwezvematongerwe enyika kuvepo. Izvozvi, hepatitis A inogona kumira zvakakwana kudya-nzira dzekugadzira, zvichiita kuti ive yakasimba pathogen. MuShanghai muna 1988, vanhu 300 000 vakave varwara nehepatitis A panguva yechirwere.
Influenza Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche, vana vaduku, vechidiki, vakuru, uye vakwegura vakuru
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: mwedzi mitanhatu
Nhamba yematokisi: 1 kana 2 (zvichienderana nezera)
Nguva: Pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu nemakore 9, 1 kana 2 doses; mushure memakore 9, gore negore
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection kana intranasal spray (zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere)
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: Chirwere chechirwere chinochengetedza kurwisana nemwaka. Kune vakawanda, nguva yegore inosuruvara inonetsa. Zvisinei kune vamwe, chirwere chinouraya.
Maererano neCDC: "Utachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuchinja vanhu zvakasiyana, asi mamiriyoni evanhu anowana chirwere ichi gore negore, mazana ezviuru zvevanhu ari muzvipatara uye zviuru kana makumi ezviuru zvevanhu vanofa nehutachiona hunokonzera gore negore. Kunyange vanhu vane hutano vanogona kurwara zvikuru nehosha uye vanoipararira kune vamwe. "Zvakakosha kuti uwane chirwere, kwete iwe pachako, asi kuti zvive nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, hwakadai sevakwegura kana avo vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere, zvakare .
Meningococcal Vaccines
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Adolescents
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: makore 11 kusvika ku12 (mberi kwevana vari pangozi yakanyanya)
Nhamba yematokisi: Kazhinji 2 (booster pa16) asi inogona kusiyana
Nguva:
- Pakati pe11 ne12
- Pamakore gumi nemasere (booster)
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: Zvirwere zveMenococcal zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvemainococcal zvinokonzerwa neNeisseria meningitides . Iyi bhakitiriya inokonzera meningitis (hutachiona hwebhande hweuropi nemutsipa wesipinha) pamwe nehutachiona hweropa (bacteremia kana septicemia). Iyi bhakitiriya inopararira nekudzivirira kuporesa kana muviri wemvura (kureva kupfira).
Kune avo vane utachiwana, pakarepo kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inokosha kuti zvidzivirire migumisiro yakaipa. Vamwe vechidiki vari pakati pe16 ne23 vanogonawo kugamuchira chirwere nechirwere chechipiri chemishonga inonzi meningococcal inonzi serogroup B meningococcal vaccine. Serogroup B meningococcal vaccine inoshandiswawo kuvana vane makore gumi nemaviri nekukura panguva yekubuda uye avo vane immunodeficiency.
Munhu wepillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Adolescents
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamira: makore gumi nemaviri kusvika ku12
Nhamba yematokisi: 2
Nguva: Maviri ose anopiwa pakati pemakore gumi nemaviri nemakore gumi nematanhatu pamwedzi 6 kusvika ku12
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Pillomavirus yemunhu inokonzera maitiro emagetsi. Mushonga weHIVV unodzivirira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nepapillomavirus yevanhu. Vanhu vakawanda vane utachiona hweHIVV havaiti zviratidzo. Zvisinei, HPV inogona kukonzera mhando dzakawanda dzekenza, kusanganisira kenza yemukomana, kenza yepenile, kenza yemunhu, uye kenza yehuro. Kunyange zvazvo chirwere cheHIVV chakanga changozivikanwa chete kuvasikana, ikozvino yakakurudzirwa kuvakomana nevasikana.
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vakwegura
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: makore 65 (muduku mune mamwe mapoka akakwirira)
Nhamba yematokisi: Kazhinji kamwe
Nguva: Chirwere chimwe chete chinorayirwa kune vanhu vakuru vane makore 65 kana kupfuura.
Nzira yejojo: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: PPSV23 inodzivirira zvirwere 23 zvebhakitiriya repneumococcal. Inowanzotarisirwa kune vakwegura vakwegura vanopfuura 65 avo vari mungozi yakawanda yepneumococcal pneumonia. Mamwe mapoka makuru anokanganisa avo vaduku vanogonawo kujowa, sevanhu vakwegura kupfuura maviri vane immunodeficiency uye mamwe matambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu uyewo vanhu vakwegura vanopfuura 19 vane chirwere cheputi kana utsi.
Shingles Vaccine
Chikamu chepakati peboka (s): Vakwegura vanhu
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hongu
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: makore 65 (vaduku kune mapoka makuru)
Nhamba yematokisi: Imwe
Nguva: Murasi mumwechete wakapiwa mushure memakore 65
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: Chirwere cheShingles chinochengetedza shingles, chinotungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza anonzi post-herpetic neuralgia. Kunyanya, chirwere che shingles chinoderedza njodzi yako yekuvandudza shingles ne 51 muzana uye post-herpetic neuralgia ne 67 muzana.
Neshungu, marwadzo anoitika munharaunda imwechete sekumhanya (kureva,, pedo nedermatomes). Shingles inokonzerwa nekugadziriswa kwechirwere chimwechete sechickenpox: varicella-zoster virus. Vanhu pavanokura, mungozi yavo yekuvandudza shingles inowedzera. Vanhu vaduku vanopfuura makumi emakore makumi mana vanongowanzogadzira post-herpetic neuralgia.
Cholera Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vanhu vakuru
Yakurudzirwa munhu wese: Aiwa, chete kune vanhu vanoenda kunzvimbo dzinotyisa kune uko kora inoparidzirwa.
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: Pakati pemakore 18 ne64.
Nhamba yematokisi: Imwe
Nenguva: 10 mazuva asati afamba
Nzira yekutungamirira: Nomuromo
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Cholera chirwere chinokonzerwa neVibrio cholera mabhakitiriya. Cholera inokonzera mvura yemararamiro inokwanisa kutamba gamut kubva paudiki kusvika kuhupenyu-kutyisidzira. Utachiona hunokonzera hutachiona hunoita kuti uwane mararamiro, kurutsa, uye kupera simba. Kune avo vane utachiona, kurapwa nokukurumidza nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye inopisa mvura inodiwa. Chirwere chekorira chakatanga kugamuchirwa neDFA muna 2016.
Japanese encephalitis Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche, vana, vechidiki, vakuru, uye vakwegura
Inokurudzirwa munhu wese: Kwete, chete kune vanhu vanofamba kuti vagare mwedzi mumwe kana kupfuura munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa neJapan encephalitis (kureva, kumaruwa Asia).
Zera rekutanga kutungamirirwa: 2 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 2
Nguva: Mairi maviri akapararira mazuva makumi maviri nemasere nehana yekupedzisira kupa vhiki imwe vasati vafamba
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzakakosha: Vanhu vakawanda vane utachiona neEchephalitis yeJapan havaiti zviratidzo. Kana zviratidzo, utachiona hunogona kubva kune hunyoro (kureva, kuora musoro uye fever) kusvika kune zvakakomba (kureva, utachiona hutachiona kana encephalitis). Encephalitis yechiJapan inoparadzirwa nemumhutu. Inofungidzirwa kuti hutachiona neJapan encephalitis virus panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kukuvadza mwana asati aberekwa.
Yellow Fever Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana vacheche, vana vaduku, vechidiki, vakuru, uye vakwegura vakuru
Yakurudzirwa munhu wose: Hungu, asi mune dzimwe nyika.
Zera rokutanga kupora: 9 mwedzi
Nhamba yematokisi: 1
Nguva: Chirwere chimwe chete chinopiwa kuvana vane makore 9 kana kupfuura
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Chirwere chinonzi yellow fever (vachengeti 17D) inokurudzirwa kuvanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzine yellow fever inowanika kana vanhu vanoenda kunzvimbo dzakadaro. Yellow fever inoparadzirwa nemumhutu kuSouth Africa neSouth America. Kuvharirwa ne yellow fever kunogona kukonzera fever, muscle aches, jaundice, nezvimwe. (Inonzi yellow fever nokuti jaundice inokonzera yellowing yeganda, maziso, uye mutsara.) Chidiki chevanhu vanobatwa ne yellow fever vanoita zviratidzo zvikuru uye vanofa. Kana uri kufamba, tora danho rekuchengetedza uye tora chirwere.
Typhoid Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Vana, vechidiki, vakuru, uye vanhu vakwegura
Yakakurudzirwa munhu wose: Kwete, chete kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika iyo typhoid inopararira (kureva,, kwete Asia, Africa, Latin America, uye Eastern Europe).
Zera rekudzivirira chirwere: makore maviri ekujowa; Makore matanhatu emushonga wemuromo
Nhamba yematokisi: Inotenderera rudzi rwechirwere. Injection inopiwa kamwechete kwemavhiki maviri musati mafamba pamwe nekusimudzira kwemakore maviri kune avo vanoramba vari pangozi yehutachiona hwehutachiona. Chirwere chemuorivhi chakapiwa kanowanikwa kanomwe pamwe nekusimudzira kwemakore mashanu kune avo vanoramba vari pangozi yehutachiona hwehutachiona.
Nguva (chirwere chemugomo): Capsule inotorwa zuva rimwe nerimwe kwevhiki, uye chiitiko chekupedzisira chakatora kwevhiki imwe chete usati waenda
Nzira yehutungamiri: Nomuromo (muromo unorarama mushonga weTyphoid); injection (inactivated typhoid vaccine)
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Zvinyorwa zvakakosha: Mushonga weTyphoid unobatsira kudzivirira utachiona hunokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi Salmonella Typhi . Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvirwere zvinosanganisira high fever, kushaya simba, kuneta, kuora musoro, kurasikirwa kwechido, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, uye kazhinji kazhinji kunowedzera.
Vanhu vanotora typhoid nekudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemvura. Utachiwana hahuwanzoitiki muUnited States, Canada, Western Europe, uye dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira. Kutaura, chirwere cheTyidid chinobatsira paunofamba, asi haisi 100 muzana inodzivirira pakurwara; Nokudaro, kungwarira kunofanirwa kuendeswa kunzvenga zvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemvura.
Rabies Vaccine
Chikamu chesekondari (s): Inoenderana nezera rekutsvaga.
Yakakurudzirwa kumunhu wose: Aiwa, chete kune avo vanorwara nechirwere chemukoko (kazhinji nenzira yekusimudzira mhuka dzesango) kana kune vanhu vari pangozi yakawanda yekutsvaga, seveterinarians, vashandi vezvipfuwo, uye vashandi ve laboratori. Vafambi vanoenda kunzvimbo dziri kunze kweUnited States uko chirwere ichi chiripo uye zvinogona kuonekwa kune mhuka zvinofanirawo kufunga nezvekuita zvirwere.
Chizvarwa chekutanga chekudzivirira: Inofanirwa nemakore ekutsvaga.
Nhamba yematokisi: 4 kune avo vanoratidzwa uye havana kumbobvira vamboiswa pachena. Izvozvi, avo vari pangozi yakawanda vanogona kunge vasati vachengetwa. Rabies Immune Globulin, imwe pfuti, inotarisirwa panguva imwechete seyero rekutanga rekudzivirira chirwere chechirwere.
Nguva (yekutanga nguva yekutanga):
- Kukurumidza kukuru
- Zuva rechitatu
- Zuva rechinomwe
- Zuva rechina
Nzira yehutungamiri: Injection
Gender: Murume kana mukadzi
Nyaya dzinokosha: Rabies chirwere chakakomba chirwere. Zvinogona kutora vhiki kana mwedzi kuti zvirwere zvirwere zviratidzo zviratike, asi kana vaita, chirwere chinogara chichiita chinowanzoita kuti zvive zvisina kunaka. Chero ani zvake anokwanisa kubudiswa pachena (kazhinji nemhuka dzomusango) anofanira kupiwa pakarepo chirwere.
Pakutanga, rabies inogona kukonzera fivha, kuneta, kurwadziwa, musoro, nekutsamwa. Izvi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvino zvinoteverwa nekufungidzirwa, kukanganisa, kupera simba, nekufa. Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chisingawanzoitiki muUnited States, chinowanikwa kakawanda kune dzimwe nyika. Bhati ndiyo inowanzosvibisa rabies zvirwere muUnited States. Pakati pe16,000 ne 39,000 veAmerica vanorirwa gore roga roga senzira yekuchengetedza.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017 Kurudziro Kuvharwa kweVakuru: Nezera.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Kuzvidzivirira Purogiramu: Mwana Nevana Vechidiki.
> Parashar UD, Glass RI. Viral Gastroenteritis. Muna: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Information Statements: Pneumococcal Polysaccharide VIS.
> World Health Organization. Yellow fever.
> Zimmerman R, Middleton DB. Chitsauko 7. Routin Childhood Vaccines. Mu: South-Paul JE, Matheny SC, Lewis EL. eds. KUBATSIRA KUTAURIRWA & Kurapa muMhuri Mishonga, 3e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.