Zvakanaka, zvibhakera zvinotibatsira. Vanoita basa rinokosha munharaunda yedu. Vanodya zvipembenene zviri zvirimwa zvezvirimwa, maruva uye vanoparadzira mbeu, uye vanodiridza zvirimwa nemarara avo (guano).
Asi ivo vanotakurawo zvirwere zvakanaka chaizvo. Zvimwe zvezvipembenene izvi ndezvimwe zvinouraya kune vanhu: Ebola, SARS, Rabies, MERS, Marburg, Hendra, uye Nipah.
Chinhu ndechokuti, mapurisa haafungi. Izvo zvakangofanana nehuchi badgers wehutachiona hwepasi. Vanowanzorega kurwara kubva kune hutachiona hunogona kuuraya isu.
Nei Mabhati?
Zvirwere zvinogona kupararira kubva kubati kuenda kunongedza nyore nyore. Vanogara mumatunhu akaoma. Zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera bhati imwe kune imwe, sezvinoitwa pakati pevanhu vari mumugwagwa unofambisa vanhu vakawanda kana mukirasi yepachikoro yazara yevana.
Bhatiwo inogona kunge ichiita seisina kubatwa nehosha inogona kuuraya vanhu. Bhati dzine utsi hwehutano hwakaoma uye inogona kuvhiringidza mavirusi vanhu haagoni. Asi mufambiro, kunyange zvakadaro, humwe hutachiona kana hutachiona hwezvirwere hunogona kuita kuti uwedzere kufambidzana nemapurisa nevanhu. Semuenzaniso, mhomho dzinogona kuita zvinoshamisa kana dzine rabies, dzakadai sokubhururuka panze masikati. Bhati dzinogonawo kufamba, kuparadzira utachiona kure.
Inobvunzwawo kuti kudyara kwemvura kunotungamirira kune mamwe mapurisa ane hukama hwevanhu. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kuitika apo masango akaparadzana, kuva zvitsuwa zvemiti uye zvipenyu, nevanhu vanogara mumakungwa enyika dzakapoteredza zvitsuwa izvi.
Mabhati zvakare, sezvaanenge achibhururuka, anogona kuuya nehosha kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe; vanowanzogara mumataundi zvakare.
Rabies
Mapurisa akawanda haana rabies, asi vamwe-kazhinji nguva 5-10% - vanoita. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvevanhu zvinobva kune inyoka dzinocheka, asi mapurume ndiyo dzimba huru yemarabi (pamwe nekubva kwayo).
Vanhu vashomanana vane utachiona.
IU.S. inoona zvirwere zvitatu zvegore; munyika yose 160 vanofa zuva, 60 000 pagore. Anenge wose munhu ane chirwere chechirwere anofa - kunyange zvazvo 5 akararama (pakati pevaya 36 vakagamuchira itsva, experimental protocol).
Prophylaxis inokosha pakudzivirira utachiona. Haasi ivo chete vakabata bhati vanoda kuve neprophylaxis ye rabies. Ndiani anoda prophylaxis:
- Chero munhu anotora ne bat
- Chero ipi zvayo inogona kuita saliva yakananga kumuromo, vanga, mhino, kana maziso
- Kana munhu akapepuka ndokuwana bhati muimba
- Kana bhati inowanikwa mukamuri ine mwana asina kuchengetwa
- Kana bheti inowanikwa mukamuri nemumwe munhu pasina cognition kuti aone bat bite
Munhu wose anofanira kushamba nesipo nemvura chero kupi zvako kana kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutsvaga.
Ebola naMarburg
Mushure mokurambana nemarariya, avo vane hutano hwakanga hwava pedyo ne100%, Ebola uye Marburg ndiyo mbiri yevanhu vanofa zvikuru pamatambudziko ezvirwere. Aya mavairasi akapararira kubva kumakuru.
Zvidzidzo zvakawana Ebola mu5% yevanhu vakuru vakuru mumatunhu akabatwa (Gabon neRepublic of the Congo) panguva yekubuda (uye hapana muhutu huduku). Nhamba dzaive dzakaderera pakati pekumuka - uye dzinofadza kunyange dzakakwirira mumapurisa ane pamuviri: 33%.
Coronaviruses
Zvimwe zvirwere zviviri zvakagadzikana chaizvo uye zvakanyanyisa kukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu vari MERS neSARS.
Ivo vose vakasungirirwa kumakuru. SARS yakakonzera nyika yakawanda, inokurumidza-kufamba uye inouraya inouraya inobva kuChina 2002-3. Kupararira kwaro kwakambofungidzirwa kuti kwakabatanidzwa zvakananga kumakuru. MERS inokonzera chirwere chakakomba uye chinowanzouraya chinokonzera kuporesa uye kusagadzikana kwechirwere uye chiri kupararira muzvipatara kuMiddle East. Iyo yakabatanidzwa kumakamera- asi yakafunga zvakare kuti mhombwe yakaita basa.
Nipah uye Hendra Viruses
Nipah, hutachiona hunotungamirira kukufa kwepamusoro kune vanhu muBangladesh neMalaysia, inobvawo kumakuru. Inopararira kubva kumakumbo kusvika kune vanhu kuburikidza neshinda yemichindwe iyo inodhakwa nemapurisa uye gare gare nevanhu.
Yakapararirawo pakati pemapurazi yenguruve muMalaysia. Ndiyo chirwere chinowanikwa mumuchirangaridzo wemhepo nekuda kwezvaungaita.
Hendra yehutachiona, iyo yakakonzera zvirwere zvinouraya mumunhu nemabhiza, zvakabatanidzwa nemakumbo muAustralia. Pedyo ne50% yemhando dzemhando dzakabatanidzwa dzaive dzakanaka.
Histoplasmosis
Haisi mishonga chete. Imwe fungus inowanikwa muvhu inogona kuwanikwawo mumabheji emvura, guano. Inogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko emapapiro pamwe nematambudziko eropa kunyanya kune vanhu vane zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere.
Bats kunyange zvazvo iri chikamu chinokosha chezvisikwa zvedu. Pasina ivo, dzimwe zvirwere zvinogona kubudirira, zvakadai sezvo zvinopararira nehombwe dzavanodya. Zvisinei, havana kudzora utsi (uye zvirwere zvinotakurwa nemukonyo) sezvinotarisira; havangodya mikoko inokwana.
Zvakakosha kuti usabata mapikisa ausingazivi akachengeteka. Vanogona kutarisa hutano asi vanotakura chirwere chatakanga tisina kutarisira. Izvi zvakaitika kune rabies asi zvinogona kuitikawo nezvose izvi zvimwe zvirwere.