Kunyatsonzwisisa maitiro emakondomu, kukanganiswa kwemakondomu uye hutano Dynamics yeHIV
Kondomu inoshanda. Vanoramba vari nheyo yepamusoro yehutano hwakachengeteka zvepabonde uye zvakanyanya kubatsira pakuderedza kwehutachiwana hweHIV munyika yose.
Saka nei, zvino, 65% chete yevarume vanoshandisa kondomu nemaitiro asingagumi, maererano neongororo yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention? Uye zvakadini kuti vanopfuura 20 muzana yevarume vasina HIV vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) vanoda kuzviisa pangozi nekuita zvepabonde pasina kondomu?
Vakadzi havafambidzani zviri nani mumatare aya. Pamadzimai anokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehupombwe, husina kudzivirirwa zvepabonde , anongova 11% anotaura achishandisa kondomu nguva dzose. Zvakanyanya kuipa, vakadzi havana kunyanya kushandiswa kushandisa kondomu (kusanganisira vakadzi -doms ) kupfuura avo vanoita zvepabonde varume.
The Blame Game
Kusanzwisisa, kusava nehanya uye kusava nehanya kungangove yakagadzirisa maitiro ekufugama, asi iyo ndiyo nzira yakanyanyisa kururamisira yezviri, chaizvoizvo, nyaya inoshamisa yakaoma kunzwisisa kwepfungwa.
Muzvokwadi, pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandiswa kwekondomu pakati pevakuru nevaduku . Zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvose kubva pamanzwiro atinoita pamusoro pemakondomu, zvatinotenda nezveHIV, mararamiro atinotaurirana nezvepabonde muhukama, sei-kutadza isu tinotenda kuti tiri kutapukirwa, uye kunyange tine ruzivo rwakadini pakushandisa kondomu .
Kuparadzanisa nyaya idzi kunogona kuva nharo inofadza, yakaipisisa netsika tsika yekupa mhosva kune avo vatinoona se "vectors" (kana kuti zvitubu) zvehutachiona hweHIV.
Panzvimbo pokuzarura kukurukurirana, tinowanzozvivhara-kunogona kuisa mungozi kune avo vangada kuramba vakanyarara pane kutarisana nekunyombwa kana kusagamuchirwa pachena.
Tiri Pangozi Tisati Watotanga
Zivo uye simba ndizvo zvikonzero zviviri zvinogona kukanganisa vanhurume uye vari pangozi vanhu vakawanda, kazhinji nenzira dzakasiyana.
Havasi kungotaurira kuti sei tichiita zvisarudzo zvatinoita, asi vanobatsirawo kutsanangura kuti nei dzimwe nguva tichizviisa pangozi kutonga kwedu kwakanaka.
Zivo haisi kungotaura nezvekunzwisisa kwedu nezveHIV sehosha, asi kutenda kwedu pachedu kuti tinogona sei kutapukirwa semunhu mumwe nomumwe. Izvi zvinonzi inonzi yakave pangozi (chikamu chezvinonzi "Health Belief Model").
Njodzi inonzwisisika inowanzowanzoenderana nemafungiro pamusoro pokuti ndiani ari "mungozi" yeutachiona, kana neboka kana mufambiro. Vaya, semuenzaniso, vanotenda kuti zvepabonde zvisina kunyoreswa zvepabonde pakati pemurume nemukadzi "chikamu chiduku" chakadai seine ngozi kana sepabonde risina kudzivirirwa pakati pehutano hwakanyanya MSM zvichida inotaurirana pamusoro pemakondomu zvachose. Izvo zvinoenderana nemafungiro asina kunaka nezvezera, rudzi, dzidzo uye mari.
Njodzi inonzwisisika inogona kusiyana zvikuru kubva kune imwe nyika kusvika kune inotevera. Kunyange zvazvo tarisiro yehutachiwana hweHIV-kusanganisira kuwedzerwa kwehupenyu hwekugara uye kushanda kwepamberi-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) -inowirirana yakananga nekushandiswa kwekondomu zvakanyanya pakati pevanhu vanoita zvepabonde, kufanana kwakafanana kunokonzera kupesana pakati pevakawanda veMMS, vanotenda kuti migumisiro yehutachiona iye zvino zvave zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaderedzwa nekuda kwechiremba chekurapa svesa.
Kusiyana naizvozvo, kusava netariro pamusoro pemishonga kana kubudirira kwebonde rakachengeteka zvinowanzoshandura kuderedza kushandiswa kwekondomu. Kazhinji, mafungiro aya anokonzerwa nekusavimbika kwepamusoro kwevakuru vakuru vehutano hwehutano, kunyanya mumunharaunda dzine urombo apo hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwepamusoro uye kusakwanisa kwehupfumi hunoita kuti vanhu vasarudze. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuita kuti pfungwa dzive nehutachiona hweHIV inenge isingadziviriki-kana kunyange kusingagoni-kune avo vari panjodzi.
Condom Bias
Sangano rimwechete reYunivhesiti reEmory rakaratidza kuti inenge chikamu chetatu chevarume vakaongororwa vakataura kuti vakanga varasikirwa nekodzero mushure mekupfeka kondomu.
Shamwari dzisina kunaka uye mafungiro pamusoro pemakondomu, anozivikanwa semakondomu , anogara achitaura shoko rekuita zvepabonde rakachengeteka. Zvinoratidzira zvose zvipingamupinyi zvechokwadi uye zvinonzwisisika zvinogona kudzivirira vanhu kusashandisa makondomu, kunyange kana njodzi yekuparidzika ichizivikanwa. Somugumisiro, vazhinji vanosarudza "kutengesa" pakati pezvinogona kuisa mungozi uye "migumisiro" yavanobatana nayo nekushandisa kondomu.
Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
- Kusakwana kwepabonde
- Kunakidza kunakidza uye kunhuwa
- Kuderedza kunakidzwa kwepabonde kune varume nevakadzi
- Kurasikirwa kwekurohwa
- Kushandisa kondomu kunogona kuonekwa semashoko ekusavimba kana kusavimbika
- Kushandisa kondomu kunogona kuonekwa sechiratidzo choupombwe
- Kutya kwekuonekwa se "njodzi huru," kana sechikamu chevanhu vanosemesa (semuenzaniso, MSM, injecting drug users)
Kondomu Kuneta
Kusiyana neizvi, kondomu yakaneta (inozivikanwawo sekuti "kudzivirira kuneta") izwi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera kufara kunowanzoitwa neavo vaneta nokushandiswa kwekondomu. Iyo inoratidza kuora kwekudzivirira kwemashoko ekudzivirira, uye inowanzobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekutengesa huwandu hwevanhu veMMM (kunyange zvazvo hunoita zvakananga mapoka evanhu vose).
Kuwedzera kwekuziva nezvekubatsira kwe antiretroviral therapy kwaita kuti vakawanda vatsvake dzimwe nzira dzekondomu. Mutungamiri pakati peizvi nderokurapa kweKurapwa seSekudzivirira (TasP) , nheyo iyo munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV asingakwanisi kutapurira HIV kana hutachiwana hwehutachiona husingaoneki.
Tsvakurudzo yakaitwa naTerrence Higgins Trust muLondon yakaratidza kuti, yeboka reMSM-HIV, vakapindura zvikuru vakakundikana kufunga nezvehutachiona hwavo maererano nehutachiwana hwekutapukira pavanenge vachiita zvepabonde. Imwe yakashuma kuti kushandiswa kwemakondomu kwaive kunowanzoenderana nehutano hwehutachiona hwehutano hwepabonde, panzvimbo pekukurukurirana kwakananga nezve serostatus, therapy kana viral load.
Izvi zvinoratidzika zvinoratidza kuti kukondora kuneta kunoita kuti munhu ashandise ruzivo rweanecdotal kuti aite kana kuvimbisa kutenda kwake, zvakasiyana nekuita sarudzo yakasarudzwa ichazadza, zvisingabatsiri ruzivo.
Zvinogona Nzira Dzakagadzirirwa Kusimbisa Kushandisa Kondomu
- Kana iwe usingazivi nezvehutano hwako hweHIV nekuita zvepabonde, edzai nhasi. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kuziva chimiro chomunhu kazhinji kunowedzera pfungwa yemutoro.
- Panzvimbo pokutaura nezveHIV nenzira yakawanda, tsvaga ruzivo mumutauro wakajeka pamusoro pehutachiwana hweHIV mune vakadzi, veAfrica America, MSM, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinogona kuwanika pane imwe nzvimbo yehutano yevakadzi, yeBGBT kana kliniki yevoruzhinji.
- Kupindira kwezvidzidzo zvepabonde (kusanganisira mirairo pamusoro pemashandisirwo akanaka emakondomu uye kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvakawanzo ) zvakaratidzwa kukurira zvakawanda zvezvipingamupinyi zvinoonekwa zvekushandisa kondomu. Mune kumwe kuongorora, kushandiswa kwekondomu kwakawedzera kubva 29% kusvika ku 71% muboka revanhu vari pangozi, varume vanoita zvepabonde mushure mekudzivirira kwekudzidzira.
- Usaverengera kondomu yemadzimai iyo Planned Parenthood inotaura kuti inogona "kusimbisa zvekuita zvepabonde (kubva) rin'i rekunze rinogona kukurudzira clitoris munguva yepabonde." Maikondomu emadzimai anopawo maitiro anobatsira kune vakadzi vanogona kunge vasina kukwanisa kutaurirana nezvepabonde rakachengeteka.
- Kakawanda, kuderedza nhamba dzevanhukadzi zvepabonde dzinosangana nekodhi yekushandisa kondomu. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti izvi zvinoderedzawo mikana yekusangana nevanhu vasingazivikanwe zvepabonde vachikurudzira kukurukurirana kukuru pamusoro pehutano hwepabonde nekudzivirira HIV.
- Pakupedzisira, kuunganidza vanoita zvepabonde paIndaneti zvinowanzoita mukuita serosorting (uchishandisa ruzivo rwepaIndaneti kuita zvisarudzo kana kufunga pamusoro pehutachiwana hweHIV). Panzvimbo pokuvimba nehumwe ruzivo, tora mukana wekutaura nezveHIV nehumwe hutano husati wasangana.
Sources:
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