Apo Mafungiro Emagetsi Akapfuura kubva kuNeuron kusvika kuNeuron
Mukatikati yenheyo system , synapse ingano duku pamagumo e-neuron inobvumira kuti chiratidzo chive kubva kune imwe neuron kusvika kune inotevera. Synapses inowanikwa umo masero emagetsi anonangana nemamwe masero emagetsi. Synapses ndizvo zvinokosha kumabasa europi, kunyanya kana zvasvika pamusoro.
Izvozvo zvinosanganiswa
Apo nhamba yemutsara inosvika kumagumo e-neuron, haikwanise kungoenderera kune rimwe rinotevera.
Pane kudaro, inofanira kuita kuti kusunungurwa kwevhutori vemazuva ano kunogona kutakura mhirizhonga kudarika svondo kusvika kune inotevera yeuroni.
Kana imwe nharo yenyonganyonga yakakonzera kusunungurwa kwevana neurotransmitters, ava maikemikari vatumwa vanoyambuka ganda rechigodhi uye vanotorwa nemakagadziro pamusoro penhare inotevera. Izvi zvinogadziriswa zvinoshanda sekivha, apo maurotransmitter anoshanda zvakafanana sekiyi. Neurotransmitters inogona kufadza neuron yavanozvisunga nayo kana kuti inodzivisa.
Funga nezveruzha rwemitsipa sezvakaita magetsi, uye neuroni sematare. Synapses inenge iri mabhii kana mabhokisi emagetsi anobatanidza ikozvino kumwenje (kana chimwe chigadzirwa chemagetsi chaunosarudza), uchibvumira mwenje kuti udzike.
Zvikamu zve Synapse
Synapses inoumbwa nhatu nhengo huru:
- The presynaptic kuguma ine maurotransmitter
- Iyo synaptic cleft pakati pemasero maviri emasero
- Kupera kwemashure ekunyora kune zvivako zvekugamuchira
Iko kusvibiswa kwemagetsi kunofamba pasi pasi nexon ye neuron uye zvino kunokonzera kusunungurwa kwezvinyorwa zviduku zvine neurotransmitters. Izvi zvipfeko zvino zvinosungira kumucheto we cell presynaptic, kusunungura maurotransmitter kupinda mumusasa. Idzi makemikari vatumwa vanoyambuka musasa we synaptic uye vanobatana nenzvimbo dzinogamuchirwa munharaunda inotevera yeropa, zvichiita kuti kuve kwemazimbe emagetsi anozivikanwa sechinhu chinogona kuitwa.
Aina
Kune miviri miviri mikuru yemasikirasi:
Ikemikari Synapse: Yokutanga ndiyo ikemikari synapse iyo nemagetsi mubasa re presynaptic neuron rinokonzera kusunungurwa kwemakemikari vatumwa, neurotransmitters. Ivourotransmitters inopararira kune synapse uye inonamatira kune zvakagamuchirwa zvakagadziriswa zvemasero epaspnnaptic. Iyo yeurotransmitter iyo inofara kana inobvisa chinyorwa chinonzi postsynaptic neuron. Kushamwaridzana kunotungamirira kune kupisa kwechiito chinogona kuitwa apo kuvhara kunodzivirira kupararira kwechiratidzo.
Synthese Synapses : Mune mhando iyi, maviri neuroni anoshamwaridzana nemichina yakasanangurwa inozivikanwa sejap junction. Electal synapses inobvumira zviratidzo zvemagetsi kuti zvifambe nokukurumidza zvichibva kune cell presynaptic kusvika kune postsynaptic cell, nekukurumidzira kushandiswa kwemashoko. Pakati pemagetsi e synapses yakawanda zvikuru kudarika yeikemiksi synapse (anenge 3.5 nanometer yakaenzana nemanometer makumi maviri). Iyo mapuroteni anoyevedza ayo anoshandisa maviri maviri anoita kuti zvive nyore kuti ikozvino kwakanaka kubva ku presynaptic neuron inopinda zvakananga mumusasa wepassynaptic.
Magetsi ekutsinhanisa magetsi anoratidza zvakanyanya kukurumidza kudarika makemikari anokwana. Kunyange zvazvo kuwedzerwa kwekutengesa mumakemikari synapses kunogona kutora kusvika kune milliseconds, hutachiona hwemagetsi e-synapses hunosvika pakarepo.
Apo makemikari inonzi synapses inogona kunge inofadza kana kuti inhibitory, synapses emagetsi inofadza chete.
Kunyange zvazvo magetsi emagetsi ane ruzivo rwekukurumidza, simba rechiratidzo rinoderera sezvo richifamba kubva pane imwe sero kuenda kune rinotevera. Nokuda kwekurasikirwa kwemashoko emasikirwo, zvinoda kuti presynaptic neuron yakakura zvikuru inokonzera madiki mashoma emapuroni. Ikemikari inonzi synapses inogona kuderera, asi inogona kutumira shoko pasina kurasikirwa mune simba remashoko. Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvezvinonzi presynaptic neurons zvinokwanisawo kukanganisa kunyange mazamu mashoma emashure.
Nhoroondo
Izwi rokuti synapse rakatanga kubudiswa muna 1897 na physiologist Michael Foster mubhuku rake re "Textbook of Physiology" uye rakabva muchiGiriki synapsis , rinoreva "kubatana."
> Sources:
> Freberg LA. Kuziva Maitiro Neuroscience . Boston: Cengage Kudzidza. 2016.
> Freberg LA. Kuziva Biological Psychology , Second edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Kudzidza. 2010