Zvinokosha zvakatumirazve kuBongo
Mitsipa yakakosha inokosha inounganidza mitsipa, iyo yose inofamba zvakananga kuuropi pane kupfurikidza nemumutsipa wepelinha, kufanana nemamwe mishonga. Mishonga yakakosha ine mabasa anoverengeka anonyanya kukosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, saka ivo inonyanya kukosha kune vanachiremba, pamwe nevarwere vanokonzerwa nehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunoshanda.
Kunze kwekuti iwe uri chiremba wezvokurapa, hazviwanzodikanwa kuziva zvose zvese nezvemunhu mumwe nomumwe.
Zvisinei, mashoko ari pasi apa anogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise zviri nani mhedzisiro yematambudziko awakave nawo, nekukutungamirira kune mamwe mashoko.
The Olfactory Nerve
Nzira yakasimba inokonzera kutumira zvose zvatinonzwa kuuropi. Kushungurudzika kune mutsara uyu kunogona kukonzera masmia, kusakwanisa kuona zvinonhuwira . Izvi zvinoshamisawo zvinokanganisa pfungwa yedu yekuravira.
The Optic Nerve
Iko tsvina inoshandisa magetsi kubva kune ziso kuenda kune uropi, iyo inoshandura zviratidzo izvi mufananidzo wezvatinoona munyika inotitenderedza. Kushungurudzika kweropa re-optic, rakadai sa optic neuritis, kunogona kutungamirira kumakanganiso anooneka uye kunyange kupofu.
The Oculomotor Nerve
Ioculomotor nerve ine mabasa maviri makuru. Kutanga, nerve ye oculomotor inotumira zviratidzo zvinobvumira meso kuti aende kumativi ose asingatongwi nemamwe mitsipa. Chechipiri, ruzivo rwe oculomotor runotakura fisaspathetic fibers kune iris , zvichiita kuti iris isunge apo iwe uri chiedza chakajeka.
Chirwere muhutachiona chinogona kukonzera kwete kaviri maonero (diplopia), asi zvinogona kukonzera "mudzidzi akaputika" -a mudzidzi asingakwanisi kuwedzera. Nokuda kwaro, iyo yeromomotor yeropa inogona kukanganisa nekusimudzirwa kwepamusoro , uye mudzidzi anorwadza anogona kuva chiratidzo chematambudziko makuru eurological.
The Trochlear Nerve
Mutsara we trochlear unodzora musungo unoita kuti ziso rive pasi uye kunze. Chirwere chendangara iyi chinogona kukonzera diplopia, iyo inogona kuvandudzwa nekudzikisa musoro kubva kune ziso rakavhiringidzika.
The Trigeminal Nerve
Nzira yepamusoro-soro inonyanya kushungurudzika, zvichireva kuti inoderedza kushungurudza kubva kune chiso kusvika kuuropi. Mukuwedzera, hutatu hwemitambo hunodzora humwe hutundu hwenhengo hunokosha pakutsva. Imwe yezvinetso zvakaipisisa zvekutambudza nehutatu hutatu ndeyekutenderera kweveuralgia, hunyanya hunyoro hwekunetseka kwepiso.
The Abducens Nerve
Iyi nharo inodzora mutsara unoita kuti ziso rive kure nemhino. Chirwere chekudzora mitsetse chinokonzera maonero maviri, umo mufananidzo mumwe uri pakatarisana nemumwe. Dzimwe nguva kubvisa mitsetse kunogona kukanganiswa pamativi ose maviri mumamiriro ekuwedzera kuwedzera kusamanikidzwa, zvakadai sepseudotumor cerebri .
The Facial Nerve
Mutsara wemukati wakaoma. Kwete chete inodzora masimba akawanda echiso; iyi nharo inofambisawo zviratidzo zvinotapira kubva mberi kworurimi, inotumira parasympathetic fibers inoita kuti maziso asvimke uye muromo unyatsopera, uye inokonzerwa nechinguva chiduku chekunzwa pamusoro pezeve. Inobatsirawo kugadzirisa kunzwa kuburikidza nekudzivirira kwe stapedius muscle.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuvhiringidza kwehutano hwemaziso, zvakadai seBell kuora mwoyo , kunogona kutungamirira kune zvinetso zvakawanda kupfuura kungoona kusakwana kwemaziso, kunyange zvazvo utera hwakadaro hunova chiratidzo chinonyatsooneka.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Iyi nhavo ine zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: chikamu chechichlear chinotumira mashoko acoustic kuropi kuitira kuti tive nekunzwa, uye chikamu chechivara chinotumira zviratidzo maererano nekuenzanisa nekufamba. Zvinetso nehutambo vestibulocochlear, zvino, zvinogona kukonzera kunzwa kurasikirwa kana vertigo , uye kazhinji zvinokonzera zvose.
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Irossopharyngeal nerve ine basa guru risina basa. Iyi nharo inokonzera kuravira kubva kumashure kworurimi, kunzwa kunobva pane chikamu chiduku chenzeve uye chikamu cherurimi uye nehuro, kusachengetwa kwemuviri unokosha unomedza (stylopharyngeus), uye salivation nehutano hweparotid.
Inogamuchirawo ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pesimba reropa kubva chemoreceptors uye baroreceptors mumutumbi weCarotid. Kutsamwa kweropa re glossopharyngeal kunogona kutungamirira ku glossopharyngeal neuralgia, chirwere icho chinorwadza zvikuru kumedza.
The Vagus Nerve
Iyi nharo inodzora pharynx (yokumedza) uye larynx (nekuda kwekutaura), pamwe nekunzwa kubva pa pharynx, chikamu chemashoko uye chikamu chiduku chenzeve. Sezvakaita murwi we glossopharyngeal, vagus nerve inoona kutora (kubva pamutsipa) uye inoonawo zviratidzo zvakananga kubva chemo ne baroreceptors pedyo nemwoyo (mu-aortic arch). Uyezve, iyo vagus nerve inotumira parasympathetic fibers kumwoyo, zviratidzo zvinogona kunonoka kukurova kwemwoyo. Nemhaka yehukama hwayo nemwoyo, kushungurudzika kweve vagus nerve kunogona kuva nengozi. Kune rumwe rutivi, kukurudzirwa kwemaitiro echisimba kwakaratidzwa kuti inogona kubatsira mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinetso, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo.
The Spinal Accessory Nerve
Mutsipa wepelinental accessory haunzwisisiki kudarika huwandu hwepamberi. Iyo inongova neimwe basa guru: kukonzera kupopotedzana kwemuviri we sternocleidomastoid uye trapezius kuitira kuti tibatsire kutamisa musoro kana papfudzi. Kushungurudzika kwemisungo iyi kunoderedza kukwanisa kushandisa masero aya.
The Hypoglossal Nerve
Nzira ye hypoglossal inodzora kufamba kwose kworurimi. Dambudziko rekutaura (dysarthria) chinhu chimwe chinokonzera kukanganisa kwenyoka ye hypoglossal.
Sources
- Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
- Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009. McCabe MP, O'Connor EJ.