"Hazvishamisi here," akanyora Shakespeare mu Much Ado About Nothing , "iyo makwai guts inofanira kubvisa mweya kunze kwemitumbi yevanhu?" Nheyo dzehupenyu dzeElibetbethan nemitengeranwa uye toni dzemagetsi emazuva ano mabhiiyo ane chinangwa chimwechete-kusanganisa kusingazivikanwi kwezvisikwa zvehupenyu uye magetsi zvinoumba uropi hwomunhu nepfungwa.
Mafungu emhepo yakamanikidzwa inotungamira sei mashizha edu anotungamirira kuisa maziso kana kutora maziso?
Mumwe munhu asina ruzivo rwemimhanzi anoziva sei kana chikamu chemimhanzi chinonzwa zvakanaka kana kwete? Sei chimwe chikamu chemimhanzi chichiita kuti tinyemweke neshamwari asi tisiye isu kutonhora?
Mimhanzi newe
Isu tiri bongo redu, uye zvinhu zvishomanana zvinotikanganisa isu, uye naizvozvo masangano edu emagetsi, semimhanzi inogona. Neurosayenzi kazhinji akazvishamisika pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvose zvepasi rose uye zvisinganzwisisiki. Nepo dzimwe mhuka, dzakadai seshiri kana maruva, dzinoshandisa mimhanzi yekukurukurirana, vanhu vanonyanya kufarira nezvezvisikwa zvemimhanzi uye kushandiswa.
Imwe nzira yekusvika pamibvunzo iyi ndeyokudzidza zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vane chirwere chinoshungurudza kana sachioni mune dzimwe nhengo dzouropi hwavo vanotambura neamusia-kureva, havagoni kubudisa kana kuonga mutinhimira mhere. Mune chirwere chisingaoneki musicogenic epilepsy, kunzwa dzimwe nziyo (kunyange nziyo dzakanaka) zvinogona kubvisa kukanganisa kwekufa .
Maitiro echirwere Williams syndrome anobatanidzwa nekunaka mimhanzi inofarira, asi kuderedza unyanzvi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinonzwisisika.
Nokudzidza maitiro akadaro akasiyana uye nekushandisa mamwe maitiro ekutsvakurudza, nyanzvi dzesayenzi dzakatanga kunzwisisa zviri nani zvakavanzika zvemimhanzi. Vamwe vanoona zvichibatsira kugovera mimhanzi kuonga muzvikamu zvitatu: kuziva mazwi, kuziva mimhanzi, uye kunzwa manzwiro.
Kuziva Mharidzo
Pangopera mafungu anonzwika achirova eardrum, hurongwa hwekutya hunotanga kuronga inzwi. Mvere dzemawere mumucheka wekunze dzomukati dzakarongeka kuitira kuti mafungu akaderera anoita kuti masero ari pedyo nepepe uye mafambiro akakwirira akarove mucheche wechando. Iyi sangano inochengetwa sechiratidzo chinoparidzirwa kuburikidza nenyuchi yeuropi inosvika mukati memutauro wepamusoro wei thalamus. Kubva iri nucleus, zviratidzo zvekuongorora zvinotumirwa kune cortex yeuropi pane chikamu chechirevo chenguva.
Kuziva Musiki
Maitiro uye hutano hwemimhanzi hunozivikanwa hahuna kunzwisiswa sezvinonyanya kukoshesa kunzwisisa. Iyi chikamu chekuonga mimhanzi kunowanikwa mumashure uye panguva dzemazuva ehebes, chikamu chitsva cheuropi chinoshanduka kubva kune mumwe munhu kune mumwe munhu. Izvo zvinyorwa zvepamberi zvakanyanyobatanidzwa nemhando yemhando yekuzivikanwa inotaurwa nemuprofesa wemimhanzi Joseph Waters, saka zvinogona kunge zvakabatanidzwa mukuziva mhando dzakasiyana, rwiyo, uye mimhanzi.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vadzidza kuti vaimbi vanoona sei mimhanzi kusiyana nevasina mimhanzi. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira zvakaratidza kuti paunoteerera mimhanzi, kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweuropi runowanzobatanidzwa kune vaimbi kunze kwevasiri vanyori.
Ruoko rworuboshwe rweuropi rwakarongororwa kuti rwakanyanya kuongororwa kupfuura kodzero, richiratidza kuongorora kwakawanda kwemimhanzi mune vanoteerera zvikuru vakadzidziswa.
Mimhanzi uye Kusuruvara
Kunyange zvazvo ruzivo rwakakosha ruchinobatsira kuziva nekuona kusiyana kwezvinhu zvemimhanzi, pane chokwadi kune mimhanzi kupfuura kuongorora kwepfungwa. Iyo manzwiro anotsamwirwa nemimhanzi ndiyo inoita kuti vazhinji vedu vadzokere kune zvimwe. Imwe yezvinonetsa zvemimhanzi ndeyokuti unhu hwemimhanzi hahupindirani zvachose nemanzwiro edu emanzwiro. Semuenzaniso, tinokwanisa kuteerera kune aria anoshamisa uye tinonzwa kuora kwekuchema, asi panguva imwe chete tichifarira ruzivo rwakakura kwazvo.
Kukwanisa kwedu kutaura kuti imwe mimhanzi yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti tinzwe takabatana nezera rekukura mune vana. Sezvo vana vachikura, kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvikwangwani zvikuru uye nokukurumidza tempos nemufaro uye zviduku zviduku uye kunonoka kufamba neshungu kunowedzera kusagadzikana. Izvi zvekuimba kuonga zvakasungirirwa kune basa riri kuruboshwe rworuboshwe uye kune dzimwe nyika dzakasimudzirwa.
Tinonzwa simba reimwe mimhanzi nemuviri wedu wose. Mimhanzi inofadza inoita kuti uropi huve nzvimbo yekutsvaga, nzvimbo inopa mubairo iyo inoshandiswa nerudo rukuru uye zvinodhaka. Izvo ventral tegmental nzvimbo inobatanidzwa munharaunda ye neural iyo inosanganisira hypothalamus, nzvimbo yeuropi yakabatana nehutachiona hwehutongi hwemutumbi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemaitiro emwoyo, kuchinja mukufema kwekufema, uye kunyange kunzwa kwe "chills."
Coda
Mimhanzi inokosha kumabasa edu europi. Mimhanzi inotinyaradza isu secheche uye inowanzonyanya kuve imwe yenharo inopesana neuropi inopesana nekuparara kwekutenda kwepfungwa apo patinenge takura. Mimhanzi yevanhu ndeyekare. Uchapupu hwekutanga hwezviridzwa zvevanhu zvinotanga makore anenge 50 000 kubva pfuti refuti rakawanikwa mubako. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivisa zvavanokwanisa kudzidza nezvomumwe munhu wenhema mukuravira kwavo mumimhanzi. Nokudzidza kuti uropi hunofadza sei mimhanzi, nyanzvi dzesayenzi dzinotarisira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pokuti chii icho chinoita kuti tinyanye uye kunyanya vanhu.
Sources:
Steven A Sparr, Amusia uye nhepfenyuro yechipfu. Nhoroondo Yezvino Neurology uye Neuroscience (2003) Volume: 3, Issue: 6, Mapeji: 502-507
The Musical Brain: Nhema uye Sayenzi. Antonio Montinaro World Neurosurgery May 2010 (Vol. 73, Issue 5, Mapeji 442-453).
Brandy R. Matthews, Chitsauko 23 Uropi hwemimhanzi, Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2008; 88 (): 459-469.