Manzwiro uye nezvimwe
Muna 1878 Paul Broca, nyanzvi yeurourogisthu yeFrance yakakurumbira kune iyo inonzi yaBraca's aphasia, yakagadzira izwi rokuti "le grand lobe lymbique." Izwi rokuti "limbus" rinoreva marita kana rim. Dr. Broca akanga achitaura nezvezvivako zvakakomberedza mukati-kati memucheto hweuropi, pamucheto wepfungwa.
Zvinoreva izwi rokuti "limbic system" rakashanduka kubva munguva yaBraca.
Ichiri chinangwa chekuisa zvivako pakati pe cortex ne hypothalamus uye brain body, asi vadzidzisi vakasiyana vakaisa zvikamu zvakasiyana sechikamu chechimbic system. I amygdala uye hippocampus dzakawanda dzinosanganiswa, sezvinonzi cortex yakasimba. Kubvira ipapo, zvisinei, pfungwa dzinoparadzanisa kune izvo zvinoonekwa sechikamu chechimiro chechimiro, uye chii chinonzi paralimic, chinoreva chimiro chinopindirana zvakasimba nechimiro chechimiro asi hachisi chikamu chaicho.
Iyo chimiro inoshumira zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa dzakakosha uye mafungiro. Iyo hippocampi, iyo inenge iri mukati memucheto mukati memakore ekunze, inokosha pakuyeuchidza kugadzirwa. Amygdalae agere kumusoro kwemukoko wekutanga we hippocampus imwe neimwe. Amygdala imwe neimwe inofungidzirwa kuti inokosha pakugadzirisa manzwiro. I amygdala inotaura zvakanyanya pamwe ne hippocampus, iyo inobatsira kutsanangura chikonzero nei tichiyeuka zvinhu izvo zvinokosha zvikuru mupfungwa.
Amygdala inotaurirana zvakare ne hypothalamus, nzvimbo yeuropi iyo inokonzera kugadzirisa kutonhora, kuda kudya, uye zvimwe zvimwe zvinotarisirwa zvinodiwa muupenyu. Iyo hypothalamus pachayo dzimwe nguva, asi kwete nguva dzose, inosanganiswa sechikamu chechimbic system. Kuburikidza ne hypothalamus, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha muuropiyo, chimiro chechimbic chinotaurirana nehurongwa hwedu hwehutongi hwehutongi (hunotonga zvinhu zvakadai sekushaya mwoyo uye kushanda kweropa), endocrine system, uye vecera (kana kuti "gut").
Masero emutsipa muuropi akarongedzwa mune mafashoni akasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Iro cerebral cortex inonyanya neocortical, zvinoreva kuti masero aripo mumatanhatu matanhatu. Izvi zvakasiyana nedzimwe sangano, apo masero anogona kurongeka mumavhudzi mashoma (eg paleocorticoid), kana kuti yakawanda yakawanda (corticoid). Iri sangano risina kuoma rakaoma rehumbichigadziriro, pamwe chete nehumbichu hutongi hwehutano hwehutano hwehupenyu hwehupenyu, hwakatungamirira vanachiremba kuti vatende kuti chimiro chechimiro chinenge chichiri chekare kupfuura che cerebral cortex.
Zvinyorwa zvinowanzoita musungo wakaoma pamwe chete nechimiro chechimiro. Mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zveparamic dzinosanganisira gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, nguva yepakati, uye chikamu chesula. Icho chinonzi forealrain, nucleus accumbens, miviri yemammillary uye zvikamu zve thalamus (anterior uye mediodorsal nuclei) zvinowanzotaridzirwa zvivakwa zvakasimba nemhaka yekushamwaridzana kwavo kwepedyo nehumbichu.
Chimwe nechimwe chezvivako zveparambic zvakange zvakabatana nemanzwiro kana kuti mazano ekugadzirisa. The anterior cingulate gyrus, somuenzaniso, yakasungirirwa kune zvinokurudzira uye inotyaira. Iyo insula inobatanidza nekukwanisa kwatinoita kuti tione manzwiro edu emukatikati (kana kuti "gutenda manzwiro").
Inonzi orbitofrontal cortex , nucleus accumbens, uye basal forebrain inobatanidza nekunzwa kwemufaro kana mubairo. Mimwe miviri yemaronda uye mamwe thalamic nuclei zvakakosha pakuumbwa kwezviitiko zvitsva.
Zvose izvi nzira dzakanyatsobatanidzwa. Iyo amygdala, somuenzaniso, inotaura ne-orbitofrontal nzira kuburikidza nemucheka mutsvuku wenyaya unonzi uncinate fasciculus, sezvinoita insula. I amygdala inotaurirana kune zvikamu zve hypothalamus uye inofungidzira kuburikidza ne stria terminalis, uye ku brain brain uye nezvimwe zvivako kuburikidza ne ventral amygdalofugal nzira.
Ikoko hippocampus inonyanya kukurukurirana kuburikidza nemugwagwa mukuru mutsvuku unonzi "fornix", iyo inopoteredza zvivako zveuropi kuenda kumitumbi yemaminda, kutumira mapazi kumitumbi yemamera, thalamus, uye kumira munzira.
Icho chimiro chirongwa cheboka rakasiyana-siyana rezvivakwa, uye rinoshumira mabasa akawanda akasiyana. Izvo zvinoshanda zvakakosha pamabatiro atinoita, kunzwa, nekupindura kunyika inotitenderedza.
Sources:
Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.