Kunzwisisa Functional Neuroimaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) yakaita kuti vanachiremba vakwanise kuwana mifananidzo yakaisvonaka yezvivako zveuropi. Imwe nzira itsva itsva inozivikanwa seMRI inoshanda inogona kuenda mberi nekusanangurira kuenzanisa kwehuropi zvakare. Kunyange zvazvo yakawanda yenguva iyo nzira inoshandiswa chete muzvidzidzo zvekutsvakurudza, iri kuve yakanyanya kufanana mumagariro ekurapa.
Iwe unogona kunge uine mifananidzo yakagadzirwa uchishanda maMRI inoshanda pane imwe nguva.
Zvinoratidza uropi dzine nzvimbo dzine mavara dzinoratidza nzvimbo dzouropi dzakabatana nedzimwe basa semutauro kana kufamba. Izvi zvidzidzo zvinozivikanwa zvikuru: Mazana ezvinyorwa zvesayenzi achishandisa teknolojia iyi inobudiswa mwedzi woga woga, mazhinji ayo ayo anotaurwa zvakare mumakambani akaiswa. Asi mifananidzo iyi inogadzirwa sei, uye chaizvoizvo inomirirei?
Maitiro Anoshanda Sei MRI?
Basa reMRI rinoshandiswa kushandisa chiratidzo chinonzi blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). Ropa rinoyerera mukati meuropi rinotakura oksijeni pamakemikari anonzi hemoglobin . Hemoglobin molecules inotakurawo simbi uye naizvozvo ine maginiti chiratidzo. Icho chinotarisa kuti hemoglobin molecules ine maginheti akasiyana kana ichibatanidzwa nemhepo yakapfurikidza pane iyo isina kutakura oksijeni, uye musiyano muduku uyu unogona kuonekwa nemichina yeMRI.
Apo imwe nzvimbo yeuropi inoshanda zvakanyanya, inotanga kushandisa yakawanda ye okisijeni muropa.
Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, uropi hunoderedza midziyo yemunharaunda yeropa kuitira kuti udzorere okisijeni. Uropi hunoita kuti basa iri rive rakanyatsonaka zvokuti ropa rakawanda rinokonzerwa neurogijeni rinopinda munzvimbo yacho kupfuura izvo zvakatanga kushandiswa. MRI mishonga inokwanisa kuona musiyano muchitinhiro iyo inokonzerwa nekuwedzera uku muropa oxygen.
Saka maitiro emamiriyoni eMRI haasi kunyatsotarisa neuronal basa zvakananga, asi ari kutarisa kuti ropa rinokonzerwa sei mumhepo uye rinopindirana nebasa iri kumitsipa inopisa. Zviongorori zvakaratidza kuti iyi yekufungidzira inowanzo yakarurama, kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvakadai sevascular malformations, matumire , uye kunyange kukwegura kwakasununguka kunogona kuchinja ukama huri pakati pezvinhu zveveural uye kubuda kweropa kunokonzera chiratidzo cheBOLD.
Vanachiremba Vanogona Kushandisa Sei Kushanda MRI?
Nokuti iyo inyanzvi itsva uye nekuti dzimwe nzira dzinogona kupindura mibvunzo yakafanana iyo fMRI inogona, fMRI haisiwanzoshandiswa mumakiriniki kana muchipatara. Zvisinei, inogona kushandiswa kubatsira kubatsira urongwa hunokosha huropi hweupfungwa. Somuenzaniso, kana chirwere chinonzi neurosurgeon chichida kubvisa chirwere cheuropi chinogara pedyo nemitauro yemuuropi, vanogona kuronga fMRI kudzidza kuti vabatsire kuratidza kuti ndeapi nzvimbo dzeuropi dzinobatanidzwa mutauro. Izvi zvinobatsira neurosurgeon kudzivisa kukuvadza iyo nzvimbo iyo ichiita chirwere. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kunowanzodiwa kweFMRI kuri mukutsvakurudza kwezvokurapa.
Ndezvipi Zvokutsvakurudza Zvakaitwa Nekushandisa fMRI?
Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekushandisa fMRI kuoneka kuti uropi hunoshanda. Imwe nzira inonyanya kutsvaga kutsvaga nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehuropi dzinopindura kune rimwe basa kana kuti kukurudzira.
Somuenzaniso, munhu ari muMRI scanner angaratidzirwa chekucheka kwebhokisi pane dzimwe nzvimbo, uye dzimwe nguva chinyorwa chisina chinhu. Vanogona kubvunzwa kusundira bhodhi chero nguva pavanoona bhodhi rinopenya. Chiratidzo panguva iyo ichazofananidzwa nechiratidzo apo basa racho risati raitwa, uye mugumisiro uchava mhando yemufananidzo wehupi dzezvikwata zvakabatanidzwa nekuona bhodhi rinotsvaira ndokuzosimudza bhatani.
Imwe nzira iyo fMRI inogona kushandiswa ndeyokutarisa mararamiro e-neural. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuziva nharaunda dzehuropi dziri kutaurirana. Kana imwe nzvimbo yeuropi inowanzovhenekera panguva imwechete imwe, imwe nzvimbo idzi dzeuropi dzingave dzakabatana.
Hapana basa rinogona kunge richidiwa kuti riite rudzi urwu rwekudzidza. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvidzidzo izvi dzimwe nguva zvinonzi kuzorora kwenyika inoshanda magnetic resonance imaging.
Izvo ruzivo runobva kuhutano hweMRI zvidzidzo zvakaoma zvikuru uye hunoda zvakawanda zvinyorwa kuongorora kuti zvinoreva. Izvi pakutanga zvakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vasavimba nemigumisiro yekushanda kweMRI zvidzidzo, sezvo zvaiita sokuti pane mikana yakawanda yekugona kukanganisa mukuongorora. Zvisinei, sezvo vese vatsvakurudzi nevatori vezvekuongorora vave vava kuzivikanwa nekombiyuta itsva, migumisiro inova yakawanda yakavimbwa uye yakavimbika.
Chii Chichaitika Kubata MRI Inoshanda?
Basa reMRI zvidzidzo zvatove zvaratidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nezvehuropi, kunze kwekusimbisa izvo zvatakanga tatoziva nezvenzira dzevaneural uye nzvimbo dzekugara. Kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kutaura kuti fMRI ichazomboshandiswa kushandiswa mumakiriniki, kufanirwa kwayo nekubudirira sechigadzirwa chekutsvaga chinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune vose vanachiremba uye vanhu vane ruzivo rwekunyatsonzwisiswa kwekuti chigadzirwa ichi chinoshanda sei.
Sources:
Pressman P, Gitelman D. Kushanda MRI: A primer for neurology vagari. Neurology 2012 March 06, 78 (10) e68-e71
Faro SH, Mohamed FB, Anozvikudza V. Kushandisa MRI: Mazano Anonyanya uye Maitiro Okugadzirira: Oxford Univrsity Press, USA, 2006.