Inonyanya Kuumba Chikamu cheBongo?
Nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinofanirwa kudzora zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita kuti tive vanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, nzvimbo iyi yakaenzana zvikuru kune vanhu kupfuura dzimwe mhuka. Zvinotorawo nguva yakareba kukura, nekukura kunowedzera kuva munhu mukuru.
Mabasa e-lobes epamberi anosanganisira kubatisisa pfungwa uye kuita kuti pfungwa iyi itungamirire maitiro edu emangwana.
Izvo zvisikwa zvakatarisa zvinotibatsira kuti tigadzire zvinangwa nemabasa edu pachedu, kusarudza pakati pezviito zvakakodzera, kudzivisa kusateerera kusagamuchirwa uye mhinduro uye kuongorora hukama pakati pezvinhu uye pfungwa.
Iko kune zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zve-frontal lobes: cortex uye paralimic. Irotex ine miviri yemasero emasero akagadzirirwa zvakanaka pauropi. Aya masero anotaurirana mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza nemafuta akareba-akafanana seanonzi axons. Mamwe majox akapinda mukati-kati muuropi, paanokurukura nezvivako pedyo nechepfungwa dzeuropi.
Pakati pezvivakwa pedyo nechepakati peuropi ndiwo nzvimbo dzeparambic, dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakabatana nemanzwiro makuru, mabasa, uye zvinotungamirira. Izvi zvinopesana nezvikwata zvekortical zvinofungidzirwa kuva zvakaoma, uye izvo zvingatibvumira kufunga. Pamwe chete, cortex uye paralimic kuparadzaniswa kwe lobes yakatarisana inotibvumira kuita mabasa ari pakati pekufunga kwatinoita isu pachedu.
Kuisa Mabasa
Kusiyana nemhuka dzinongopindura zvisizvo kune zviri mberi kwavo, vanhu vane mano okugadzirira mberi. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoda kukwanisa kubata ruzivo mupfungwa dzedu. Kana zvisina kudaro, taizogara tichikanganwa zvataifunga nezvazvo. Iko kubata kwemashoko, kunyange pakatarisana nekusavhiringidza, kunoitika munzvimbo ye ventrolateral ye prefrontal cortex.
Iyo dorsolateral prefrontal cortex inogona kukwanisa kushandisa mashoko kuitira kugadzira chirongwa.
Kutanga nekusimbisa Basa
Izvo zvivako pakati nepakati pepfungwa dzehuropi (mukati-kati yezvivako zvakagadzirirwa) zvinofungidzirwa kutyaira maitiro. Kana nzvimbo idzi dzichikuvadza, munhu angarasikirwa nezvose zvinokurudzira kuita kunyange basa rakajeka . Izvi zvinozivikanwa sebubulia kana akinetic mutism muzviitiko zvakanyanya.
Kuongorora Basa
The orbitofrontal cortex inosarudza uye inotarisira mararamiro emitengo yezviratidzo, zvinhu, uye zvisarudzo. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo ino inogona kutibatsira kuona kana chimwe chinhu chingangokuvadza kana kutikuvadza mune ramangwana. Nzira inofanirwa kuenderera mberi inonzi cortex inofungidzirwa kuti inopindure kune mibairo uye inowanikwa mushure mekuita maitiro ekurangwa. Nharaunda iri pedo nechekumucheto kweuropi (posterior) inonyanya kukosha - ichi ndicho chikamu chingave chichiziva nokukurumidza kukosha kwepfungwa kwechikamu chekatekiti keke inonaka uye inofadza. Zvikamu zve-orbitofrontal cortex zviri pedyo nechepfungwa dzeuropi (anterior) dzinobata zvimwe zvinyorwa uye mienzaniso yekufananidzira, semari inogona kuenda kunotenga chocolate cake.
Kutarisira uye Kuongorora Stimuli
Anterior cingulate cortex inobatsira kuchengeta zviratidzo zvinouya kubva kune dzimwe nyika uye pfungwa dzedu nemuviri wedu.
Chinhu chipi zvacho chisina kutarisirwa chinogona kutangisa kushandiswa kumwe kusati kwapiwa mhinduro. Somuenzaniso, muStroop test inonzi yakakurumbira, mazita emashoko akajeka anoratidzwa. Icho chinyengeri ndechokuti shoko rokuti "tsvuku" rinogona kudhindwa mumucheka werutivi. Mumwe munhu anotora Stroop muedzo anoudzwa kusazvinyora shoko rakanyorwa uye achingoti muvara. Izvi zvakasarudzwa kusarudzwa uye kutarisa pane chimwe chinhu chekunze kwenyika chinoda kushandiswa kwekare kunofungidzira.
Emotional Regulation
The orbitofrontal cortex inoratidza kuwedzerwa basa apo mumwe munhu ari kutungamirira manzwiro avo. Izvi zvinopesana zvakasiyana nemabasa mune amygdala.
Kukuvadza kunokonzerwa neforbitofrontal cortex kunokonzera kusadzivisa uye kusafunga, sezvinoonekwa munyaya yakakurumbira yaPineas Gage.
Kugadzirisa Kuchinja muSalience
Uchenjeri ndiyo chiyero chekukosha uye kwakakosha chiratidzo chenyu kwauri pane imwe nguva. Semuenzaniso, kana uine nzara, chidimbu chekotikiti kakawanda. Mushure mekudya hafu yekeke, kuda kwekiki iyoyo kuchinja. Kuti uone kukosha kwechikamu chemashoko, uropi hunofanira kuwedzera nokukurumidza zviratidzo zvinonzwa, zvinotaridzika, uye zvekutonga. Iyo senience network inosanganisira insula uye chikamu chekamberi cortex iyo inotibatsira kupa zvinhu zvinoreva.
Shingairira
Vanhu vane kodzero yekusarudza zvatinoda kutarisisa. Izvozvo zvakati, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kutarira kwedu kunogona kukurumidza kuchinja pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana munzvimbo yedu.
Izwi rinotarisa rutivi runosanganisira zvikamu zvepakati nepasi pfupi gyrus mberi uye temporoparietal cortex. Izvi zvinotibatsira kutarisa kune chimwe chinhu nokukurumidza, kunyange kana chichikanganisa chinangwa, uye chinotibvumira kuti tisarudze kana tichifanira kuramba tichiisa pfungwa pamusoro pemaitiro matsva kana kudzokera kune basa riripo.
Executive Control
Izvo zvigadziro zvepamberi lobes zvese zvinogona kuonekwa sechichipa kune izvo zviro zveeurologist zvinodana "guru control." Izvi zvinoratidza kukwanisa kwedu kutonga mhinduro dzedu kune zvakatipoteredza, pane kungoita chero chii chiri pamberi pedu munguva.
Mutungamiri wekutungamirira anotitendera kusvina zvipingamupinyi zvakatipoteredza. Inotibvumirawo kutonga zvatiri kufunga, uye kuchinja pfungwa dzedu munzira kuitira kuti tisavhiringidzika nemafungiro edu. Mutungamiri wekutonga pamusoro pemafungiro anotitendera kutonga maonero atinoita kune vamwe uye kuzvikurudzira patinenge tisingawanzoiti. Pakupedzisira, vakuru vatungamiri pamusoro pemotokari yemotokari vanotibvumira kutamisa maziso edu kana kusvika kune chimwe chinhu.
Sources
Giedd, Jay N .; Blumenthal, J; Jeffries, HERE; Castellanos, FX; Liu, H; Zijdenbos, A; Paus, T; Evans, AC et al. (October 1999). "Kuvandudza Ubongo pahuduku nekuyaruka: kureva MRI kudzidza". Nature Neuroscience 2 (10): 861-863.
RG Gross, M. Grossman; Executive Resources, Continuum Lifelong Kudzidza Neurol 2010; 16 (4) p. 140-152.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Social cognition. Kuenderera mberi Kwoupenyu Hwose Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85.