Kugadziriswa kwechido Kubikwa Kusangana Nepabonde, Rudo, uye Kubatanidza
Hazvinei kuti chii chawakanzwa, haudi chinhu nemoyo wako wese. Iwe unofarira kubva pakadzika ye ventral tegmental yako, yako hypothalamus, yako nucleus accumbens, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinokosha zveuropi.
Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, masayendisiti akabatana nemapoka evanhu vanyori, vazivi, vanyori, nevamwe vanoedza kunzwisisa nzira dzorudo.
Nzira dzesayenzi yekuongorora kuti huropi hunova nerwendo rwemhando kubva kune zvidzidzo zvemhuka kusvika kumagariro ezvidzidzo kuenda kumashandisirwo akareba ehudhiological, sekushanda kwemagnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uye positron emissive tomography (PET) .
Maererano naDr. Helen Fisher, mumwe wevatsvakurudzi vepamusoro mundima yehukama hwevanhu, rudo runogona kugoverwa muhurongwa hukuru hukuru hweuropi: zvepabonde, rudo, uye chibatanidzwa. Nzira imwe neimwe inosanganisira hutano hwakasiyana mukati meuropi, hunosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, mahomoni, uye neurotransmitters pane zvikamu zvakasiyana muhukama.
The Sex Drive
Chido chinowanzobva kune hypothalamus, nzvimbo yeuropi iyo inodzorawo zvishuvo zvekuda se nzara uye nyota. Iyo hypothalamus inonyatsobatanidza nehutongi hwehutongi hwehutongi hunotaridzika kushaya kwemoyo yedu uye kuti tinokurumidza kufema sei. Zvinyorwa zvinogamuchirwa pamusoro pe hypothalamus yehomoni dzakadai se testosterone - iyo iripo iwewo, madzimai - moto unobatana nehutano hwemarudzi ose ehupenyu hwekuita.
Chigumisiro isimbi yakasimba, inozivikanwa yekubereka.
Rudo Rwenzira
Ichi ndicho chinokonzera mushure mezhinji husiku hwemashoko ose husiku hwakakodzera. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vanoda vanoda hondo, kushambira makungwa, kana kufamba mazana emakiromita kuti vave pamwe chete. Mune shoko, ivo vakakwirira. Kufungidzira zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa vatsva vakura vane zvakawanda zvekuita mukati me ventral tegmental nzvimbo uye nucleus accumbens, iyo mimwe mibairo inoshandiswa inopisa mukugadzirisa mutsara we cocaine.
Iyi nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa neurotransmitter dopamine, kemikemikari inotitungamirira kune mhedziso inonzwisisika. Mamwe makemikari anokonzerwa nokuzvidya mwoyo uye kufara anowedzerawo, zvakadai sa cortisol, phenylephrine (inowanikwa mune chokoti), uye norepinephrine . A neurotransmitter inonzi serotonin yakaderera mukudanana kwepakutanga. Serotonin inogonawo kuva yakaderera mukunyanyisa-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kuora mwoyo, uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Chigumisiro ndechokutsvaga zvakasimba kweaida, kusagutsikana kwetariro, uye kunyange rudzi rwekumwa.
The Love System
Ichi ndicho chikonzero vamwe vanhu vanobatana pamwechete apo kufara kwe dopaminergic kwaenda. Muzvipfuwo, makemikari ane basa ndiwo oxytocin uye vasopressin. Zvinofadza kuti idzi makemikari anonyaradza anovanzika neyechete hypothalamus inotyisa chido chedu.
Vamwe vanogona kuona zvirongwa izvi pamusoro apa sechimiro chekufambira mberi muhukama. Chido chekutanga ("hey, iye akanaka"), zvino rudo ("Ndichanyora rwiyo rworudo"), ipapo kuroora (calmer uye cozier). Kunyange zvazvo ichokwadi kuti izvozvi zvehupfungwa dzedu uye hukama hwedu hunochinja nekufamba kwenguva, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti havazombowedzemuki uye vanowanzobatana nenzira dzinokosha. Somuenzaniso, oxytocin uye vasopressin zvakabatana ne dopamine mubayiro system pamwe chete.
Zvichida ndicho chikonzero chikonzero chakanaka chekuvandudza rudo nguva nenguva, naizvozvo rudo runogona kuwedzera.
Kushungurudzika kana Musoro?
Ukama hunochinja. Dzimwe nguva vanopinda mune chimwe chinhu chinogara nokusingaperi, uye kazhinji, havakwanisi. Vakawanda vedu tinosangana tisati taroorana, tichifamba nechitambo chehukama tisati tasangana "imwe." Uye zvinosuruvarisa, hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki kuti "iye" anova wekare-mhandara.
Vatsvakurudzi vakatora mifananidzo yehuropi kune vanhu vakangopinda nepamuviri-shanduko inoshanduka mu ventral tegmental nzvimbo, ventral pallidum, uye putamen, izvo zvose zvinobatanidzwa kana mubairo usina chokwadi.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingave zviri kuverenga zvakanyanya muchidzidzo, kusava nechokwadi kunowanzoitika mushure mekupedza. Nharaunda dziri mumasitiramu emakwenzi anokonzerwa nekunyanya-makamanikidzi maitiro uye mukutsamwa kwekutsamwa kunobatsirawo pakutanga, kunyange izvi zvingaitika zvinogona kupera munguva. Muna 2011, vatsvakurudzi vakabudisa hutano hweMRI hunoona kuti uropi hahusiyanisi pakati pemarwadzo ekurambwa kwevanhu uye marwadzo ekukuvadzwa mumuviri, kunyange izvi zvinogadziriswa uye nzira dzave dzichishandurwa mubvunzo. Hazvishamisi kuti kuchinja mune dzimwe nhepfenyuro dzeveurusiki zvinosanganisira kuora mwoyo kukuru kwakaonekwa zvakare mushure mekunge kupera.
Kuchinja Mafungiro
Nzira uye sei kana kushanduka-shanduka kwave kuchibatsira kugadzirisa tsika dzekubatana kwevanhu ndiyo nyaya inowanzoita kuti nharo huru ivepo. Semuenzaniso, nokuti varume vanobudisa mamiriyoni akawanda emvura kupfuura vakadzi vanobudisa mazai, kune pfungwa yokuti chirongwa chekukamura chevakadzi chichanyanya kuisa mukuchengetedza nekukurera maitiro mashomanana ekuberekorora ane, asi varume "vakarongerwa" kupararira mbeu yavo kure uye kure.
Zvisinei, iyi nharo ingangodaro iri nyore, sezvo inokundikana kukanganisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Semuenzaniso, mumhando umo kuchengeta mwana achangoberekwa kunoda kushandira kwevabereki, kugona kwemurume kunowedzera. Dhiyabhorosi Helen Fisher akarayira kuti "makore mana" anongoratidzirwa, iyo inofananidzira hutano muhutano hwekurambana mugore rechina rowanano nepfungwa yokuti iyi ndiyo apo mwana apfuura chikamu chakaoma zvikuru chehuduku hwavo uye anogona kutarisirwa nokuti nemubereki umwe. Iko "makore mana" yedzidziso inenge yakajeka. Semuenzaniso, kana vaviri vacho vane mumwe mwana, nguva yacho inogona kuendeswa kune inotyisa "makore manomwe emakore."
Hapana chimwe cheizvi, zvisinei, chinotsanangura avo vakaroorana vanovhiringidza vanofamba maoko pamwe chete kuburikidza nehupenyu hwavo hwose kusvika mukusviba kwemakore avo. Zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti kunzwisisika sei musoro we rudo rwevanhu. Tsika yedu, kurera kwedu, uye mamwe mararamiro anobatsira kuchinja iyo makemikari nemagetsi. Rudo rwakaoma kunzwisisa runoreva kuti mibvunzo pamusoro pemhando yorudo icharamba ichifadza vanyori, mafilosofi, uye masayendisiti kwemakore akawanda ari kuuya.
Sources:
A. de Boer, EM van Buel, GJ Ter Horst, Rudo harusi kungotsvoda chete: maonero eurourobiological pamusoro pe rudo norudo, Neuroscience Volume 201, 10 Mutumbi 2012, Mapeji 114-124
Kross E, Berman MG, Mischel W, Smith EE, Wager TD (2011) Zvikamu zvekurambidza zvevanhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinomiririra nekurwadziwa mumuviri. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 6270-6275. Abstract / FREE Full Text
Helen E Fisher, A Aron, D Mashek, H Li, LL Brown. Kutsanangura maitiro europi ekuchiva, kukwezva rudo uye kusungirirwa. Archives of Sexual Behavior, October 31, 2002. (5): 314-9