Nhungamiro yeMukaka-Inobata Zvirwere Zvinotapukira
Ndiyo zvokudya zvokutanga zvatinonaka. Iko mu pasta sauces, pipi, mafura, custards, cheeses, yogurts, uye ice cream. Ikosi ndeyemhando yezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pevabiki uye chikafu mumhuri dzakawanda. Zvisinei, sechigadzirwa chemhuka chakazara nemuviri, pane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira zvinosanganiswa nemukaka wakasvibiswa uye wakakonzerwa nemukaka.
Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti mazhinji emakiromita aya anourawa nekuchera, uye zvekare, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemukaka uye chezi zvisinganzwisisi-asi zvisingaiti.
Pasteurization
Utachiona hwekudzivirira zvirwere ndicho chikonzero nei tisingateereri mukaka. Iwe unogona kudzidza nezvemaitiro uye nheyo pamusoro pesteurization kana iwe uri kushamisika kana zvakanyatsodikanwa mushure mekuverenga pamusoro pengozi dziri pasi.
Muchi Wemhou Inogadziriswa Sei?
Kungofanana nevanhu vose vanotakura microbes, mhuka dzose dzinoitawo saizvozvo. Dzimwe nguva zvipembenene zvinotakura mhou zvinogona kuva dambudziko.
Mimwe mhou dzomukati dzinopedza nguva yakawanda dzenguva dzayo dzichidyara mumafuro, uko dzinosangana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutachiona. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mhou dzinochengetwa kune zvivako, apo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda mabhakitiriya anogona kukura nekupararira kubva kune imwe mhou kusvika kune imwe mhou. Mukuwedzera, zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinonzi "commensal" zvipenyu (zvipenyu zvinowanikwa pamwe nemombe zvisingaiti zvirwere) zvinogona kufungwa nezvirwere zvevanhu ( zvinogona kukonzera hutachiwana hwevanhu.)
Zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa dairy zvine nzira dzakawanda dzekupinda kwezvinosvibisa microbe. Chokutanga, semvura inowedzera-mukaka, mukaka unopa nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura kwemakemikari. Chechipiri, kushandiswa kwemishonga yemiti yakazadza nzvimbo apo "tsoka dzekufamba" kubva kuvashandi dzinogona kuendeswa nemakemikari.
Zvirwere Zvinotapukira Zvinowanika muMhou Muchiri
Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutachiona hunogona kuwanika mumukaka wemhou pamwe chete nemishonga yemukaka.
Mungozi yezvizhinji zveizvi, asi kwete yose, inoderedzwa nekudyiwa. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya mumatambudziko avo zvakare. Semuenzaniso, dzakawanda dzakashambadza cheeses (zvakadai seBrie) hazvirevi uye dzinotakura mungozi yakakura yehutachiona (zvikurukuru kuvakadzi vane pamuviri) pane zvinorema uye zvisina kupiswa cheeses. Ngatitarise zvimwe zvezvirwere zvakasangana nemukaka.
Bacillus Cereus Infections
Bacillus cereus ibhakitiriya inogadzira chepfu. Mhando imwe yehupfu inogona kukonzera chirwere uye imwe inokonzera kushambidzika. Bacillus cereus spores inopisa kusisa uye inogona kupona pasteurization. Ikoko kwakatove maitiro asingakwanisiki akabatanidzwa nekaka akaomeswa uye mukaka wakaomeswa wemwana.
Brucellosis
Brucella ibhakitiriya ine mishonga inowanikwa mune zvishandiso zvisati zvasarudzwa. Brucella chirwere, kana Brucellosis, yave ichinzi "Inopisa Fever" nekuda kwekudzoka kwemafivha anosangana nechirwere ichi. Icho chiri chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nefivha yakareba yekusingazivikanwi kwakabva kuvana.
Campylobacter jejuni Zvirwere
Campylobacter jejuni ndiyo bhakitiriya yakajairika zvikuru inokonzera chirwere chekurwara muUnited States chinoparadzira vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 2,4 gore negore. Iyo bhakitiriya inowanikwa mumukaka wakajeka uye huku uye inogona kukonzera chirwere chemvura pamwe nekurwadziwa kwepamuviri kutanga kwemazuva maviri kusvika mashanu mushure mekutsvaga.
Campylobacter ine mukana wakawedzerwa wekukonzera zvirwere kana ichipiswa mumukaka, nokuti pH chibereko chemukaka hachibvumiri asidi yemudumbu, zvichiita kuti mabhakitiriya ararame.
Coxiella Burnetii Infections
Koxiella inokonzera mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mombe nemhuka. Iyo microbe inogona kuwanikwa mumukaka wemhou uye inopesana nekupisa nekuoma. Kuvharirwa neCoxiella kunoitika muF fever, fever yakakwirira inogona kupera kusvika kumavhiki maviri. Kufanana neBrucella , inogona kuva chikonzero chefivha isingazivikanwi kwenguva refu muvana.
E. Coli O157: H7 Utachiona
I E. coli O157: Mhando yeH7 yeE E. coli yakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwezvokudya zvinokonzerwa nezvokudya uye inowanzokonzera chirwere chinouraya (hemorrhagic colitis.) Kazhinji inobatanidza nemombe yemombe, kusvibiswa kwemukaka wemukaka wakaoma uye cheeses zvinoguma nehosha.
Iyi bhakitiriya inogonawo kukonzera hemolytic uremic syndrome (hamburger chirwere) iyo inoratidzwa nechepasi platelet count (thrombocytopenia) inotungamirira kubuda ropa uye kushaya kwepvo.
Listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes inowanzobatanidza bhakitiriya pathogen iyo inowanika mucheche dzakaderera (kunyanya inotengeswa cheeses) uye mukaka usingagadziriswi. Inogona kupona pasi inotonhora inotonhora uye saka inogona kurwisa firiji. Iro inonyanya kuipa kune vanhu vakave vasina simba rekudzivirira zvirwere, kusanganisira vakadzi vane pamuviri, vanhu vane AIDS, uye vaduku zvikuru uye vakwegura zvikuru. Listeria ndeimwe yezvirwere zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinokonzera kusununguka, uye avo vane pamuviri vane nguva inenge 13 yakawanda yekuwana utachiona.
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Zvirwere
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isimba re mycobacteria rinogona kumira pasteurization uye rave richibatanidzwa nekukura kwechirwere cheCrohn, chinonziwo chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chinonzi bowel syndrome. Hachizivikanwe kana mabhakitiriya aya anogona chaizvo kuuraya vanhu uye sangano chaiyo reMycobacterium avium paratuberculosis uye chirwere cheCrohn chinoramba chiri kukakavadzana.
Mycobacterium Bovis Infections
Mycobacterium , chinokonzerwa ne "kushandiswa," ndiyo chirwere chinoparadza chinotanga kukanganisa mapapu, Mycobacterium bovis inoshandiswa nekushandiswa kwemukaka wakasvibiswa uye yaiva imwe yezvinonyanya kusvibiswa zvisati zvamboita tsika yekupisa. Zvakafanana nechirwere chetachiona (kana kuti TB) chatinayo ikozvino, asi chinetso chakasiyana chebhakitiriya. Kuedza kuderedza mukana wemhou dzinotakura kana kuparadzira rudzi urwu rwehutachiona ndicho chikonzero chatisati taona chirwere ichi kakawanda. M. bovis inotapura tuberculosis mumombe uye inogona kutapudzwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nemukaka wemhou usina kukodzera kuve, unoita kuti ave nechirwere chakafanana zvikuru naMer tuberculosis.
Salmonella Infections
Salmonella kusvibiswa kwemukaka wakavhenganiswa nemikaka yemukaka kwave kuchikonzera kuwanda kwemakore mumakore achangopfuura. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira chirwere uye high fever.
Staphylococcus Aureus Zvirwere
Staphylococcus aureus inokonzera tsvina inokonzera kurutsa kusuruvara uye inowanzoita "potluck" chikonzero chekudya chepfu. Zvokudya zvekudya zvinobva kuStaphyloccous aureus hazvikonzerwa nehutachiona hwebhakitiriya, asi panzvimbo iyo mabhakitiriya anosunungura utachiona muchikafu chinenge chasiyiwa kunze kwechando. Painopisa, mabhakitiriya anourawa, asi tsvina, iyo inopesana nekupisa, inoenderera mberi.
Yersinia Enterocolitis Infections
Yersinia enterocolitis zvirwere zvinosanganisira kudya mukaka wakajeka uye ice cream, pakati pezvimwe zvekudya. Kusvibiswa kunofanirwa kuva chikonzero chekuparara kwekuchenesa uye kushandiswa kwekuita mararamiro pamagetsi ekugadzirisa mairi.
Zvakadini neMad Cow Disease?
Mad Cow Disease, iyo inozivikanwawo sehovha spongiform encephalitis (BSE), chirwere chinoshungurudza hurongwa hwehutano uye hunokonzerwa neprotini inotapukira inonzi " prion ." Kudyiwa kwezvipfuwo kubva kune mombe neBSE kunogona kukonzera kupararira kwechirwere. Muvanhu, chirwere chinonzi "transmissible spongiform encephalopathy" kana kuti "kusiyana kweCreutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere ."
Nenzira yakanaka yekambani yekambani nevashandisi vemukaka, chirwere chinotapukira hachiwanikwi mumukaka kubva kumakondombera, uyewo kutapurirwa kuburikidza nekunwa kwemukaka wemhou kwakataurwa. Muchidimbu, haugone kuwana Mad Cow Disease kubva mukaka.
Chinyorwa Chepamusoro - Nzira Yokudzivirira Sei Mishonga Inotapukirwa Nehutachiona
Zvinogona kutyisa kuziva nezvezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana zvinogona kuparadzirwa nemukaka, asi zvishoma zvishoma zvinogona kuita zvishoma zvinogona kuderedza mukana wako wekutengesa zvirwere izvi:
- Usanwa mukaka wakachena. Inwa chete mukaka usina kuputika uye mamwe mazai emisi.
- Funga kaviri uye uverenge mavara paunotenga "organic". Zvizhinji zvezvokudya zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotengesa zvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera zvekushandisa.
- Chenjerera zvinyoro zvinyoro. Zvimwe zveizvi, kunyanya izvo izvo zvinotengeswa, hazvishamisi. Sezvo zvirwere zvakadai seListeria kazhinji zvinokonzera zvirwere zvishoma muamai, zvinowanzoenda zvisingazivikanwi sechikonzero chekusununguka pamuviri.
- Chengetedza mishonga yemakaka firiji mukati mekuguma kwezuva rakanyorwa pane pepa.
- Usasiya zvokudya chero chipi zvacho, kunyanya izvo zvinenge zvakagadzirwa nemichero, kunze kwefiriji kwemaawa anopfuura maviri (uye zvakanaka, zvishoma.) Ramba uchifunga mupfungwa kuti mabhakitiriya emishonga anogona kuramba achitsvaira kunyange kana mabhakitiriya pachake akaurayiwa.
- Ngwarira paunenge uchienda kune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira, tevera mazano ekuchengetedzwa kwehutsanana munyika iyo iwe urimo uye usadya mishonga yakakodzwa yakakangwa.
- Misi uye michina isina kukodzera kugadzirwa nemichero haisi iyo chete inotyisa yekudya chepfu. Zvokudya zvekudya zvinogona kunge zvakawanda kupfuura vanhu vakawanda vanofunga, vachifunga maitiro akawanda e "stomach flu" muvanhu vakuru ndeyekudya chepfu.
Sources
- > Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Raw (Unpasteurized) Milk. Yashandurwa 02/22/17. Raw (Unpasteurized) Milk. Yashandurwa 02/22/17.
- > Harvey, R., Zakjour, C., naL. Gould. Zvokudya Zvokudya Zvokudya Zvokuparara Zvichienzaniswa neOricanic Foods muUnited States. Nyaya Yezvokudya Zvokuchengetedza . 2016. 79 (11): 1953-1958.