Pasteurization ndiyo nzira yekupisa zvinodhaka kana zvikafu zvekuuraya zvipembenene (zvakadai seBrucella, Campylobacter , E. coli O157: H7, Listeria , Mycobacterium bovis, Campylobacter, Salmonella , uye Yersinia) inogona kukonzera zvirwere. Yakagadziridzwa naLouis Pasteur muna 1864, uye tsika yacho yakatanga kutengeserana kunopera kuma1800s nekutanga kwema1900. Mukuwedzera pakunatsiridza kuchengetedzwa kwevatengi, kusagadzirisa kunogona kuvandudza unhu uye mararamiro ehupenyu hwezvokudya.
Umukaka wakawanda, yaiwirwa ice cream, mbichi mbichi, uye yogashi yakasvibiswa haisi pasteurized. Kune humwe huno hanya nevadzimai vane pamuviri, vana, uye vanhu vasingazivikanwi vanogona kunge vari pangozi kubva kune hutachiwana kubva mumukaka usina kukodzera. TB inowanzowanzove yakakonzerwa nemukaka usingagadziriswi. Brucella inogona kuva chirwere chinokanganisa chinonetsa kuongorora, chinowanzoparadzirwa kuburikidza nemukaka.
Kuvhiringidzika kunokonzerwa nemukaka wakajeka kunowanzoonekwa mune dzimwe nyika apo Raw Milk haibvumirwi. Nyika dzakasiyana dzine mitemo yakasiyana pakutengeswa kwemukaka uyu. Vamwe vanoita kuti zvibvumirwe kutengesa Raw Milk. Vamwe vanobvumira kuti iitengeswe kubva kumapurazi.
Nzira dzePasteurization
- High Heat Temperature Short Time Treatment. Misi yakasvibiswa pa161 F kwema15 seconds.
- Low Temperature Kutora Nguva Yakawedzerwa. Misi yakasimwa pa 145 F kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
- Flash Pasteurization. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya kwemasekondi 3 kusvika ku15 zvichizotevera kuporesa uye kuvhara, zvinoshandiswa pamabhodhoro ekunwa nezvimwe zvinwiwa zvinogona kuchengetwa kwenguva refu pasina firiji.
- Steam Pasteurization. Inomanikidzwa kupisa inoshandiswa kuuraya E. coli , Salmonella, uye Listeria muzvitunha zvemombe. Kubudiswa kwenzombe kunokonzera mhepo kunoguma mukati mekushisa kwemasikati anenge 200 F.
- Irradiation Pasteurization. Kuona kumarima emvura kunogona kudzivirira kukura kwezvimwe zvipembenene zvinodya zvokudya zvakadai semhuka, zvinonhuwira, uye zvibereko.
- Ultrapasteurization. Kuchenesa mukaka kana kamuro kusvika kune 280 F kwemasekondi maviri kunogona kuwedzera firiji remhesi upenyu hwomukaka kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika ku90.
- Ultra-High Kutema Pasteurization. Kuchenesa mukaka ku 280 kusvika ku 302 F kwemaawa 1 kana 2 zvichizotevera nekuputika mumakungwa asina kudzivirira kunobvumira kuchengetedza pasina firiji kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe.
Nhema Nechokwadi Pamusoro Pemafuro
- Nhema : Pasteurization inoderedza kukosha kwekudya mukaka.
- Ichokwadi : Kutapira kwemukaka kunoputsa zvimwe zvezvikamu zvemukaka, asi zvakakonzerwa noutano zvinoonekwa semuganhu.
- Nhema : Mukaka unotapisa unokonzera kusagadzikana kwelasise .
- Chokwadi : Lactose ndiyo shuga chaiyo inowanikwa mumukaka. Zvose mukaka wakajeka uye pasteurized une lactose, uye kudyiwa hakusi kuchinja mazinga e lactose. Muchengetedza mukaka wemafuta anotaura kuti mukaka wakajeka une Bifidobacteria, probiotic ( mabhakitiriya anobatsira ) anobatsira kugadzira lactose. Kunyange zvazvo mukaka wakasvibira unogona kuva nemurobiyo uyu, unoguma nekusvibiswa kubva mumhuka dzemhuka uye hazvibatsiri kufanirwa.
- Nhema : Mukaka unotapisa unokonzera mishonga.
- Chokwadi : Mapuroteni emisi anokonzera kuora muviri aripo mumukaka wakavhenganiswa uye wakasvibiswa. Kunyanya kunwa mukaka hakurevi kutora mishonga .
- Nhema : Mukaka wakawanda unokonzerwa nemakemikari-kuuraya nzvimbo.
- Chokwadi : Enzymes mumukaka ane antimicrobial properties dzinosanganisira bacteriocins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, uye nisin. Kunyange zvakadaro, mazamu emukaka akawanda anoramba asina kudya asi akaparara nemudumbu acid panguva yekudya.
- Nhema : Kana iri yehupenyu, yakachengeteka.
- Chokwadi : Chero bedzi kana mukaka wehuni huri kunyatsochengeterwa.
- Nhema : Misi kubva kumapurazi akanaka akachengeteka kana akachena, kunyange kana asina kufanirwa.
- Chokwadi : Zvirwere zvinogona kupararira kunyange mumukaka unobva kumapurazi akanaka - ayo akachena uye anobata mhou zvakanaka.
- Nhema : Zvakanaka kana zvichibva kuCop op kana mhou yedu
- Chokwadi : Zvirwere zvinogona kupararira kunyange mumukaka unobva pamombe yako kana Co-op iyo inofanirwa zvakanaka.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, CDC inobatsira zvikuru mukaka uye zvimwe zvinetso zvekuchengetedza kwezvokudya zvine chokuita nokuchengetedza kwekudya nekuderedza zvirwere zvinowanikwa.
Sources:
Pasteurization. A kusvika kuZ. USFDA National Science Teachers Association
Ngozi Dzakasvibira Amai. USFDA Center for Food Safety uye Applied Nutrition.
Bren, L. Wakawana Misi? Ita Kuti Ichokwadi Kuti Pasteurized FDA Consumer Magazine. Sept-Oct 2004.