Kune vakawanda masayendisiti, hupenyu huri pamusoro pekuberekwa. Pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu, zvipenyu zvakadai sevanhu, fungi, zvinomera, uye mabhakitiriya zvinogona kufungidzirwa senzira dzakakosha dzeprotein-based ye bits ye deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) kuzvizvienzanisa zvakanyanya.
Ichokwadi, iyo inofambisa kubereka kunyange inoendesa kunze kwezvisikwa zvipenyu. Mavirusi ndiwo muenzaniso weivo isingazivikanwi pakati pevapenyu uye vasina.
Nenzira, hutachiona hahupfuuri kubereka. Muzviitiko zvevamwe mavhairusi, kufanana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana ( HIV ), DNA haisi kunyange molecule inotungamirira kubereka. Imwe nucleotide, RNA (ribonucleic acid), ndiyo inotyisa.
Chii Chirwere chePionon?
Prions (dzinonzi pree-ons muU.S., pry-ons muUnited States) zvinowanzobviswa kubva kune nzira dzakanakisisa-dzinonzwisiswa dzekuberekwa dzinosanganisira DNA neRNA. DNA uye RNA ndiyo nucleotides, kemikisi yakashandiswa pakuita mapuroteni, zvivako zvezvisikwa zvipenyu zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti kubudirira kubereka. A prion ipuroteni isingadi kuti nucleotide ibereke-iyo prion inopfuura yekugona kuzviriritira.
Apo chirongwa cheprotonine chinyorwa chisingazivikanwi chinomhanyira muzvakanaka prion protein, puroteni yakararama inochinja ichiita chimwe chinokonzera chirwere chinokonzera zvirwere. Chigumisiro ndechekudzikama kusingagumi kweprotini inotengesa.
Muzviitiko zvehutachiwana hwehutachiwana, ndicho chimiro chekutenderera chinokonzera kupisa kusina kushandiswa kwe prion protein. Zvinosuruvarisa, aya ndiwo mapuroteni akafanana anoshandiswa nemasero europi kuitira kuti aite zvakanaka, uye masero emasero anofa semugumisiro, zvichiita kuti kukurumidza kuwedzerereka kwemaitiro. Kunyange zvazvo chironga chinokonzera zvirwere chinogona kurara kwenguva refu, apo zviratidzo zvinozopedzisira zvava pachena, rufu runogona kutevera nekukurumidza semwedzi mishomanana.
Kune mishanu mhando mikuru yezvirwere zvepakutanga izvo zvinozivikanwa kuvanhu: Creutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere (CJD), zvakasiyana-siyana Creutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere (vCJD), kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), uye kuurayiwa kwemhuri dzinouraya (FFI). Zvisinei, mhando itsva yezvirwere zvepakutanga zviri kuwanikwa.
Maitiro Awo Anokurudzira
Zvirwere zvePeon zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira nhatu: mhuri, inowanikwa, kana kupora. Nzira yakakurumbira yekuvandudza chirwere chepachioneki inoratidzika kunge inongoratidzika, isina chitubu chetachiona kana nhaka. Munenge mune mumwe muvanhu vane mamiriyoni vanoita chimiro chakajairika chezvirwere zvepachioni. Zvimwe zvirwere zvepachion, zvakadai seCJD, GSS, uye FFI, zvinogona kupiwa nhaka. Zvimwe zvinopararira nekuswedera pedyo ne prion protein. Semuenzaniso, kuru yakapararira nemitambo yevanhu vasina kukodzera muNew Guinea. Apo ubongo hwakadyiwa sechikamu chemutambo, mhemberi dzaive dzakagadzirwa, uye chirwere chacho chikapararira. Chinhu chiduku chisina kunaka ndeye vCJD, iyo inozivikanwa kupararira kubva kumhuka kune vanhu patinenge tichidya nyama. Izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa se "chirwere chemhou chakashata," uye chinoitika apo prion iripo mumhou mhenyu. Mamwe mhuka, dzakadai sealk nemakwai, akawanikwawo dzimwe nguva ane zvipembenene zvepacon. Kunyange zvazvo zvisinganzwisisiki, zvirwere zvepachigoni zvinogona kupararira pane zvigadzirwa zvokuvhiya.
Zviratidzo
Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvose zvepacon zvinokonzera zviratidzo zvishoma, zvinyorwa zvose zvinoratidzika seine rudo rwakasiyana nehutano hwehurongwa hwemagetsi. Kunyange zvazvo mabhakitiriya kana zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinowanzonzwika munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuviri-kusanganisira zvirwere zvehupi-prion zvinoratidzika chete zvinokonzera zviratidzo zvehutano muvanhu, kunyange zvazvo mapuroteni pachavo angawanika mumhando dzakasiyana dzevanhu. Nguva inogona kuratidzira kuti se-prion-semagetsi inokonzera zvirwere kunze kweuropi.
Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehurongwa hwemagetsi zvinoshamisa. Zvizhinji zvezvirwere zvepacon zvinokonzera izvo zvinonzi se spongiform encephalopathy.
Izwi rokuti spongiform rinoreva kuti chirwere ichi chinokanganisa hutano hwehuropi, zvichigadzira mashubu mashoma anoita kuti mhuka dzakaita sechapone. Kazhinji, mugumisiro wekupedzisira ndekukurumidza kuwedzera kwekutenda kwemazuva, zvichireva kuti munhu anorasikirwa anorasikirwa neanogona kufunga sezvaaimboita munyaya yemwedzi kusvika makore mashomanana. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kushungurudza ( ataxia ), kufamba kusina kujairika kwakafanana nechorea kana kudengenyeka , uye kuchinja kurara.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinotyisa pamusoro pezvirwere zvepachioni ndezvokuti kunogona kuva nenguva yakareba yekusungurudzika pakati pekunge mumwe munhu aine ruzivo rwechipiri uye paanokura zviratidzo. Vanhu vanogona kuenda kwemakore zvisati zvaitika kuti zvipfeko zvavanenge vatakura zvive pachena, pamwe nematambudziko emagetsi.
Kurapa
Zvinosuruvarisa, hapana mushonga wehutachiona. Pakupedzisira, vanachiremba vanogona kuedza kubatsira kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokonzera kusagadzikana. Mune zvidzidzo zvishoma zveEurope, mushonga wakabatisa Flupirtine (usingawanikwi muUnited States) nounyoro wakavandudza kufunga mune varwere vane CJD asi havana kuvandudza upenyu hwavo. Chiyero chemishonga chlorpromazine uye quinacrine hachina kuratidza huri nani. Panguva ino, zvirwere zvepanyama zvinoramba zvichitambura.
Sources:
Geschwind MD, Shu H, Hamani A, Sejvar JJ, Miller BL. Kukurumidza kukurumidza kuora mwoyo. Annals of Neurology 2008; 64: 97-108.
AH Ropper, Samuels MA. Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009