Iko Kune Maitiro Akawanda eAIDS. Ndeipi Yakakodzera Mwana Wako?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) inowanzotsanangurwa se "yegoridhe muzinga" kana ichitaura nezvehutachiona hwemoto. Asi ine vadzivisi vayo. Vamwe vanhu (kunyanya kushandiswa kwevashandi vanozviti autistic) vanofunga kuti nzira yacho inonyadzisa uye, kakawanda, inoshungurudza mwana.
Nyanzvi shomanana dzinoudza vabereki kuti ABA inonyanya kukosha kune vana vane maitiro akaoma evistism - uye vanokurudzira kubudirira kana kutamba kurapa panzvimbo yaAbAA.
Kubudirira uye kutamba chirwere chinowedzera kuyanana, kukurukurirana, uye kukura kwepfungwa apo ABA (hazvishamisi) inongotarisa pamusoro pemafambiro chete.
Ichokwadi, chokwadi, ndechekuti vana vanogona kugamuchira zvose zvirikudzidzira uye maitiro ekurapa, saka chisarudzo hachisi chaicho chinodiwa. Asi ABA chaiyo haina kukodzera here kubasa vana vanoshanda ne autism?
Sei Pasina Munhu "Anopfuura" Kuchinja Kunhu
Kuzvibata, iwe pachako, inongova nzira yekudzidzisa chido chaunoda kuburikidza nekupa mubairo wekuteerera (kana migumisiro yekusateerera, kunyange kusimbiswa kusina kunaka kwave kusina maitiro mumakore achangopfuura). Isu tinoshandisa nzira yekuzvibata apo patinoti "iwe uchawana kudya kana ukamisa peas yako," kana kuti "unogona kubuda neshamwari dzako kana iwe uchenesa imba yako." Nzvimbo dzekushanda dzinoshandisa nzira dzehutungamiri apo dzinopa zvikurudzira zvekuzadzisa zvinangwa.
Maitiro ekuzvibata anoshanda kuvana vazhinji vane autism.
Chinangwa chekuita mararamiro ndechekubatsira vana kubata kune unyanzvi hwekudzidzira hunoti huri kufambidzana nevezera rako. Purogiramu yacho ndeyekuti iite nzvimbo dze simba uye nzvimbo dzisina simba zvakananga kumwana mumwe nomumwe. Nokudaro, kunyange vana vanobwinya vanogona kubatsirwa nekurapa maitiro.
Chikonzero nei ABA isingave yakapiwa nenzira yakakodzera mwana wako
ABA inzira yekurapa yekudzidzisa vana vane autism. Sezvo zvakadaro, inowanzogoverwa muchirevo che "autism classroom" iyo inobatsira vana vane zviratidzo zvakanyanya. Vana vakawanda vanopedza mazuva avo mu "autism classroom" vanopedza zvishoma kana kuti hapana nguva mune zvidzidzo zvese. Kana uine mwana akakwirira anoshandisa unyanzvi uye unyanzvi hwekudzidza mune imwe dzidzo yekirasi yepamusoro , "chikwata che autism" chinogona kunge chakakosha .
ABA inogonawo kugoverwa mune imwe-ye-imwechete. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru mwana ari kudzidza unyanzvi hukuru hwepamusoro kana kuti asati aikwanisa kuwirirana nevezera rake pane imwe nzvimbo yekutambira kana mune imwe nzvimbo yakatarisa. Kana ari mwana akakwirira anoshanda, zvisinei, ABA inofanira kupiwa mu "nyika chaiyo" iripo. Kana ABA vanachiremba vasingakwanisi kana vasingadi kushanda nemwana wenyu munzvimbo yakasikwa , ABA ingave yakakosha.
Maererano neLovaas Institute uye vazhinji vaAAA providers, ABA inofanira kupiwa maawa akawanda pavhiki ( maawa makumi mana ndiyo "yakanaka" ). Pano uwandu hwekuwedzera, hazvigoneki kuti mwana aitewo chimwe chinhu kunze kwechiremba kunze kwechikoro.
Hapana mitambo, hapana mimhanzi, hapana nguva pasi - kunze kwekuti abha murapi ari kunyanya kushanda nemwana panguva yaanoita mabasa echikoro. Kana iwe uine mwana anogona kukwanisa kuita zvekuita zvinhu, uye ABA yaizoita kuti zviitiko izvozvo zvisakwanise, ABA inogona kunge isarudzo yakashata.
Maitiro aAAA Anofanirwa Kuenzaniswa neChipiri cheKushanda Vana
Zvinokwanisika here kuti mwana we autistic ave akakwirira-kushanda kweApplied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
The Lovaas Institute, inonyanya kukoshesa (uye kupayona) ABA ye autism, inopa ruzivo urwu:
Pakati pese, pane zvishoma zvinyorwa zvinowanika mukuongorora-zvekare, zvinyorwa zvitsvakurudzo zvinoenzanisa migumisiro yehutano hwe "maitiro" uye "vana vane simba".
Pasinei nokuti, mazano anotevera anofanira kuitwa:
- Chinangwa chekuita mararamiro ndechekubatsira vana kubata kune unyanzvi hwekudzidzira hunoti huri kufambidzana nevezera rako. Kuita maitiro haisi chirongwa chekudzidzisa mwana kutaura, kana kukumbira, kana kuisa zvinhu. Icho chirongwa chakazara chinoshandawo nekudzidzisa maitiro akaoma uye unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu sekuona maonero ezviso uye kusataura kwemazwi evamwe, kusimbiswa kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu, verbalizations yekunzwira tsitsi, nekukurukura nevezera rako pamarudzi akasiyana nenyaya pane kunongorongedza zvakasiyana zvezvido .
- Utachiona hwekuita hunogona kutarisa zvakasiyana nechekuita "pasi-kushanda" uye "kukwirira-kushanda " ne autism. Mukuwedzera kune miedzo yakajeka, mamwe maitiro ekuteerera maitiro akadai sekudzidzira kusina kuitika, mavhidhiyo ekufananidzira, uye kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo angasimbiswa zvakasimba.
- Chirongwa chekuita maitiro chinoedza kubatsira mwana kuitira kuti awane zvidzidzo zvishoma mune ramangwana (somuenzaniso, mumapoka ezera). Zvisinei, kunyange mune izvi zvisati zvanyatsogadziriswa, mazano ekushandiswa kwehutano hwemaitiro anowanzotungamirira kubudirira kwevana. Mimwe yemitemo iyi inosanganisira: 1) kujekesa maitiro anokwanisa kuchinja, 2) kuongorora basa remaitiro asina kukodzera, 3) kusimbisa maitiro akakodzera, uye 4) kuenzanisa kufambira mberi nguva dzose.
Mukupfupisa, vabereki vanorega kurapwa kwehutano nokuti vanoudzwa mwana wavo atove "kukwirira-kushanda" vangave vasina kukwanisa kupindira. Sangano rinoremekedzwa rinonyanya kugadzirisa mararamiro evana vane autism rinofanira kukwanisa kuongorora mwana uye kurukura nevabereki zvinangwa zvakananga uye mazano ekudzidzisa zvichienderana nehutano hwemwana wavo uye zvaanoda. Vabereki vanogona kusarudza pamusoro pekufanirwa kwekuita maitiro kumwanakomana wavo kana mwanasikana wavo.
> Sources:
> Cohen, Howard, Amerine-Dickens, Mila, Smith, Tristram. (2006). Kutanga Kuchengetedza Kurapa Kwokuita: Kudzokorora kweUCLA Model muGuta Rokuisa. Zvinyorwa zveKuchengetedza & Kuita Pediatrics, 27 (2), 145-155.
> Downs, Andrew & Smith, Tristram. (2004). Kunzwisisa Mupfungwa, Kushandira pamwe, uye Maitiro Evanhu Munharaunda yepamusoro-Inoshanda Vana vane Autism. Nyaya yeAustism uye Developmental Disorders, 34 (6), 625-635.
> Lovaas, OI (1987). Maitiro ekurapa uye hutano hwemazuva ezvidzidzo uye zvepfungwa muvana vechidiki vechidiki. Nhaurirano yeBoning uye Clinic Psychology, 55, 3-9.
> Smith, T., Groen, AD, Wynn, JW (2000). Randomized muedzo wekunyatsopindira kwepakutanga kwevana vane > yakawanda > dambudziko rekuvandudza. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 105, 269-85.
> Sallows, Glen O. & Graupner, Tamlynn D. (2005). Kuchengetedza Kurapa Kwekuita Kwevana neAvism: Kubuda Kwemakore mana uye Kutarisa. Journal yeAmerica Pamusoro Pokutadza Kwemangariro, 110 (6), 417-438.